Suchergebnisse

ITALIANO: di Brescia e quella di Santa Sofia di Benevento. A quest'ultima è stato attribuito non solo il ruolo di monastero familiare, ma anche quello di vero e proprio "santuario nazionale longobardo". Prendendo in considerazione il progetto politico e le strategie di rappresentazione dell'autorità di Arechi, suo fondatore, questo contributo intende riconsiderare sia la dimensione familiare di Santa Sofia sia il ruolo politico e religioso che la storiografia ha attribuito ad essa. La fortuna e il ruolo del monastero nella società beneventana sono poi analizzati nel quadro del successivo principato dei Siconidi, quindi in quello delle trasformazioni politiche, sociali e devozionali che investirono Benevento nella prima metà del IX secolo. / ENGLISH: Italian scholarship has already underscored the similarities between the royal foundation of St. Salvatore of Brescia and St. Sofia of Benevento, founded by Arechis, duke of Benevento, before 774. However, St. Sofia is still considered not only as a family foundation but also as the "Lombards' national sanctuary" in Southern Italy. Taking into account Arechis' political project and strategies of representation of his public authority, this study aims to reconsider both the family dimension and the political and religious role of St. Sofia in Lombard Southern Italy. During the first half of the ninth century, the role of the monastery changed as a consequence of the political, social and devotional transformations that were taking place in Benevento. The last part of this study, therefore, focuses on the role of St. Sofia and the monastery's relationship with the princes after the end of Arechis' dynasty.

Since the Rio+20 conference, 'greening' economies and growth has been key in international politics. Leading policy actors and businesses frame the emerging green economy as an opportunity to realize a triple-bottom line – people, planet and profit – and support sustainable development. In practice, two key trends stand out: in the global North, the main component of the green shift seems to imply technological and market-based solutions in the renewable energy sector. While this is also important in the global South, here green economy implementation is often interpreted as environmental protection along with modernization of, and shifts in access to and control over, natural resources ('green sectors'). In the case of the latter, combined with persisting high rates of poverty, we claim that the post-Rio+20 context has revitalized a 'green' version of modernization to become the leading discourse and approach within international development; namely green modernization. A wide range of development initiatives across the global South – with significant support from international businesses amidst a general private turn of aid – are framed in this light. We use the new, Green Revolution in Africa to illustrate how modernization discourses are reasserted under the green economy. What is new at the current conjuncture is the way in which powerful actors adopt and promote green narratives around long-standing modernization ideas. They recast the modernization trope as 'green.' In particular, we focus our discussion on three linked components; technology and 'productivism', the role of capital and 'underutilized' resources, and, lastly, mobility of land and people.Keywords: green economy; green modernization; the new Green Revolution in Africa; agri-business; climate smart agriculture; development discourse

The focus of research in contemporary international migration and integration politics has longbeen immigration to Western democracies and their related migration corridors, often defined bycolonial history. Just like in any field of social science, the ethnocentrism of this focus mimics thegeography of scientific employment and institutions, the economics of research funding and thepolitics of academic publications. Apart from raising ethical issues, these limitations constrain ourunderstanding of processes and dynamics of international migration politics, both by neglectingempirical realities that are statistically relevant -notably migration politics in the Global South- andby creating methodological and epistemological biases. Documenting less researched cases seems anobvious answer. But the future of research on migration politics is not only about researching "non-Western others" more, and boxing results in an "area" or "comparative" sub-discipline. It is aboutusing single case studies and comparative research across types of states and political contexts touproot some of the most blinding assumptions of existing migration theories and open new researchavenues. This could mean taking migration processes and not political regimes, geographical locationor development levels, as the independent variable to construct broad comparative frameworkswhere migration politics becomes the dependent variable. This could first be achieved by consideringseemingly "most different" political contexts across countries, like comparing democratic apples andauthoritarian pears. It could secondly be achieved by paying more attention to migration historiesacross contexts and trace political processes and institutions with great care. As such, a really insurgentand disruptive methodological claim would not be to include more Southern case studies into preexistingparadigms and epistemologies of migration politics but expand, amend or recast migrationtheories based on the new knowledge generated.

At present, the historical process of the separation of North and South Korea through the 38th parallel is recognized as part of an ideological and political conflict. However, the constant search for reunification and the promotion of peace through dialogue on the peninsula leads to a descriptive analysis of the background related to the political and ideological conflict resulting from the Korean War (1950-1953) and its impact on the international economy up to the present day. The above is done through a qualitative methodological approach with a descriptive approach; which allows identifying one of the most important findings around the policy of denuclearization of North Korea, the role of the United States, China, Japan, South Korea and Russia, in the six-party dialogues. ; En la actualidad el proceso histórico de la separación de Corea del Norte y Corea del Sur, a través del paralelo 38° se conoce como parte de un conflicto ideológico y político, sin embargo, la constante búsqueda de la reunificación y la promoción de la paz a través del diálogo en la península, lleva a analizar de manera descriptiva los antecedentes relacionados con el conflicto político e ideológico, resultado de la guerra de Corea (1950 a 1953) y su impacto en la economía internacional, hasta la actualidad. Lo anteriormente mencionado se realiza a través de un abordaje metodológico cualitativo con un enfoque descriptivo; que permite identificar uno de los hallazgos más importantes alrededor de la política de desnuclearización de Corea del Norte, el papel de Estados Unidos, China, Japón, Corea del Sur y Rusia, en los diálogos de las seis partes.

Content: Sustainable tannery effluent treatment system in achieving required discharge standards including Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) is one of the major challenges faced by the World Leather Industry. Conventional treatment system reduces Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Suspended Solids (SS), heavy metals etc. and not the TDS and salinity. To achieve the TDS level, the tanneries in South India were forced to adopt Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) system by incorporating Reverse Osmosis (RO) system and Multiple Effect Evaporator (MEE). Though recovery of water is beneficial to certain extend in adopting ZLD system, the major challenges are high energy consumption, huge operation & maintenance cost and no safe disposal method for large quantity of mixed/contaminated salt generated from MEE. In view of the challenges faced in adoption of ZLD system, sustainable major technological developments have been made to control more than 50% of TDS in the effluent by adopting cleaner tanning process, segregation of saline streams, treatment and recovery of chromium and salt for reuse by the member units. The balance composited waste stream with low TDS is further treated and taken for mixing/dilution with treated domestic sewage to achieve all discharge standards including TDS. This development is being implemented in many tannery clusters in India such as Pallavaram in South India and Jajmau, Unnao, Banthar, etc. in North India. The Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) are being upgraded with financial support from Govt. of India and respective State Governments. Take-Away: Improved Chrome Recovery System for Reuse, Recovery of Salt from Saline Stream and Reuse, Sustainable TDS Management

This paper presents evidence on the impact of water metabolism on metalwork craftsmen for effective job performance and productivity. This study was conducted on 60 electric arc welders, 40 panel beaters, 10 black smiths and 10 foundry workmen in Akoko land. In 120 individuals investigated were exposed to thermal stresses that need adequate water consumption for effective job performance and productivity. The inclusion criterion for this study was working in an environment that included a heating process. The study adopted a survey research design. The study used structured questionnaire as an Instrument for data collection to elicit the opinions from the respondents. The instrument was validated. The responses to the items were based on a four point scale, with numerical value of 4, 3, 2 and 1. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data collected from the study for answering the research question. The study was carried out in Akoko South West and Akoko South East Local Government Area of Ondo State. The population of this study comprised all 120 metalwork craftsmen. There was no sample all enter population of 120 was used. The findings of the study showed that the respondents agreed that water metabolism help in effective job performance and productivity. Based on findings and discussion, conclusions were drawn and recommendations made, among was that one should not wait until is thirsty to drink water. Akegbejo, David A. | Asaaju Raymond O. | Eludire Isaac I "Evaluate Impact of Water Metabolism on Metalwork Craftsmen for Effective Job Performance and Productivity" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21434.pdf

Purpose
Vietnam is historically hit by extensive disasters. However, the most vulnerable populations are far from being backed by national/local programmes to reduce disaster impacts on their well-being. In practice, political and socio-economic top-down organisation, channels efforts and limited resources into wealthier parts of the country. The paper aims to discuss these issues.


Design/methodology/approach
Learning from 30 years work in Vietnam, this paper presents how "horizontal" solidarity and networking should be promoted and reinforced to really target the needs of vulnerable poor communities. Findings on conditions and challenges are based on practical experience, from family/village level to provincial/national administration, in promoting safe housing and safer communities and in evaluating the barriers for extending and sharing such practices.


Findings
Political environments in South East Asian countries become similar to Vietnamese systems, and share a common attitude towards DRR (and CCA): official statements reaffirm the need for DRR at all levels, and the CC threats for local development. But year after year, the situation of marginalised or low-income poor facing disasters does not really see progress.


Originality/value
New data collecting methods and technologies are proposed, resilience is quoted as criteria for development, but the major issue remains: how could communities be "at the frontline" when receiving so little "backline" support and resources, compared to benefits from capitalist development shared by only richer parts of society – not concerned in the same way by disasters? The SFDRR in encouraging non-compulsory Civil Society involvement will remain inadequate faced with the increased vulnerability by Vietnam and South East Asian inhabitants.

Economic and political fundamentals for the development of mining and metallurgical production in Siberia in the 18th century are discussed in this paper. The principal type of ownership of large enterprises at that time was serf manufactory, the development of which took place in the conditions of absolutism based on forced labor. Based on a comprehensive set of archive documents, the authors have studied the problem of the transfer under the authority of the Imperial Cabinet of the private Kolyvano-Voskresensk enterprises owned by Demidov, which were established in the 1720s in the south area of Western Siberia. The status change of industrial enterprises is discussed in the context of accidental events (the death of Akinfiy Demidov and the controversy of his heirs) and the consistent processes of development of silver smelting production in the country. The quick development of the metallurgical industry in Russia in the 18th century was caused by a number of domestic and external factors. The Crown extensively attracted private sector capital for the search and development of ore deposits, especially in remote Uralian and Siberian areas. In the 1720s-1740s, the Kolyvano-Voskresensk industrial-territorial complex privately owned by Akinfiy Demidov was established in the south area of Western Siberia. In the middle of the 1740s, the events happened, as a result of which the possessory belonging of the enterprises was changed and these enterprises were transferred under the control and management of the governmental institution – that is, the Imperial Cabinet. Thus, the Kolyvano-Voskresensk plants became the basis of the Cabinet production unit which existed in the 18h-19th centuries. ; peer-reviewed

This thesis compares how the South African Government, specifically the Department of Basic Education and the NGO Equal Education to see how these organizations work to promote gender equality. The study will contribute to a systematic comparison of approaches between the Department of Basic Education and Equal Education. This thesis will contribute to the literature by emphasizing the importance of quality education, and not only providing access. The comparison is done by evaluating different projects, explicitly and implicit within the organizations through Elaine Unterhalter's two approaches: the resourcist approach and the structuralist approach. The evaluation of these projects and interventions has helped determine to which extent gender equality is promoted in each organization, but also which approach is utilized by whom and if they are complementary or not. Currently the trends of the South African government point towards the use of mainly resourcist approaches, while Equal Education uses mainly structuralist approaches. However, the government plans to eventually create a change in the current social structure to address its usage of a mostly resourcist approach. These initiatives and projects has been defined resourcist or structuralist mainly due to their method of measure, which is a major driving force in these projects. At this time the approaches chosen by each organization affect gender equality at different depths and a hybrid between the two is a recommendation although there have been implementation issues in relation to some projects. The conclusion references the capabilities approach to determine what type of hybrid might be the most suitable for the promotion of gender equality.

According to a recent study published by Statistics Canada, in 2036, more than half of immigrants in Canada will be of Asian origin, and South Asians will be the group with most people. Today Tamil people represent the most important South Asian group in Montréal, but their profiles and stories are many and diverse. Immigrants of Indian origin, refugees from the civil war in Sri Lanka or re-settlers from Malaysia or Africa, they recount dissimilar migration histories and profess different faiths. Focusing on the largest group, the Sri Lankan Tamil Saivite Hindus, this paper explores the relationships of this group with other Tamils living in Montréal, namely Tamil Catholics and Pentecostal Christians, as well as with Tamil Hindus of Indian origin. Also, this article discusses the different strategies of integration of these Tamil communities into the French-speaking majority of Québec and the English-speaking majority of Canada, which represent a main figure of the 'Otherness' encountered by the Sri Lankan Tamil Hindus in this diasporic context. More broadly, the article shows that the development of Hindu religious solidarities and interplays in diaspora depend on the socio-cultural composition and cohesion of the Hindu groups, but also on their migration stories, and on the social and political context of the host country. As a result, it turns out that in Montréal, Sri Lankan Hindus feel much closer to Sri Lankan Catholics than to Indian Tamil Hindus, which seems to imply that the sharing of the same land of origin, language, and migration pattern, is much more important than the belonging to Hindu religion in the re-building of togetherness and solidarity.

Comparative sociologists have long considered occupations to be a key source of inequality. However, data constraints make comparative research on two of the more important contemporary drivers of occupational stratification - globalization and technological change - relatively scarce. This article introduces a new dataset on occupational "routine task intensity" (RTI) and "offshorability" (OFFS) for use with the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) Database. To produce these data, we recoded 23 country-specific occupational schemes (74 LIS countryyears) to the two-digit ISCO-88 scheme. When combined with the handful of LIS countries already reporting their occupations in ISCO-88, we produce individual level RTI and OFFS scores for 38 LIS countries and 160 LIS country-years. To assess the validity of these recodes, we compare average labor-income ratios predicted by recoded ISCO-88 occupational categories to those predicted by reported ISCO-88 occupational categories within countries that transitioned from country-specific to ISCO-88 codes over time. To assess the utility of these RTI and OFFS scores and advance the literature on income polarization, we analyze their association with work hours and labor incomes in the global North and South. Both covariates correlate with work hours in ways that are consistent with previous research and additional theoretical considerations. Moreover, we show that both RTI and OFFS contribute to income polarization directly in the North, but not in the South. This article generates a public good data infrastructure that will be of use to a wide variety of social scientists, and brings new evidence to bear on the question of income polarization in rich democracies.

International audience ; In the global South, support in old age is usually a family matter. A decrease in activity and new health needs arise at different rhythms and times in the life cycle. The aim of this book is to question in a comparative perspective the current state of family solidarities and two key dimensions in terms of public policies in close relation to the living conditions of older persons and their families : pension systems on the one hand and institutional and health care systems for older persons on the other hand. Confronting experiences leads to identifying converging and diverging trends in four regions of the World : Sub-saharan Africa, South America, North Africa and the Middle-East. ; Dans les pays du Sud, ce sont principalement les familles qui prennent en charge les situations de dépendance dans la vieillesse, phase du cycle de vie au cours de laquelle surviennent, selon des calendriers et des rythmes différenciés, une décroissance de l'activité et des besoins nouveaux en matière de santé. L'objet de cet ouvrage est d'interroger, dans une perspective comparative, la diversité des modes de soutien aux aînés tout en mettant en relief deux dimensions clés en matière de politiques publiques ayant un lien étroit avec les conditions de vie des aînés et de leur famille : les systèmes de retraite et les dispositifs de prise en charge institutionnelle et d'accès aux soins des personnes âgées. La confrontation des expériences permet d'identifier les points de convergence et les points de divergence des situations rencontrées dans quatre régions du monde : l'Afrique sub-saharienne, l'Amérique du Sud, l'Afrique du Nord et le Moyen-Orient.

The Governance of Latin American Regional Organizations. A Comparative Study of the Role of General Secretaries -- In Latin America, as elsewhere in the world, regional and subregional organizations have multipliedrecently. Scholars tend to focus on the variety of regionalisms or their ever changing nature (postliberal,post-hegemonic.). This study, through a political sociology of regionalism approach, examinesLatin American regions and their actors and goes beyond the first set of questions. In this perspective,scrutinizing the regional General Secretaries of the sub-continent is particularly useful to understandhow regional powers emerge. With a specific focus on the Southern Common Market (UNSUR), theCommon Market of the South (MERCOSUR), the Andean Community of Nations (CAN) and the CentralAmerican Integration System (SICA), this research offers a more precise answer to the question of theconfiguration of power within Latin American regionalisms. ; En Amérique latine comme dans le reste du monde, les organisations régionales et sous-régionales se sontrécemment multipliées. Les chercheurs s'intéressent principalement à la variété des régionalismes ou àleur nature changeante (post-libérale, post-hégémonique.). Pour aller au-delà de ces questionnements, ilfaut travailler sur les régions latino-américaines et leurs acteurs à la lumière d'une approche de sociologiepolitique du régionalisme. L'observation des secrétaires généraux régionaux du sous-continent estprécieuse si l'on veut comprendre l'émergence de pouvoirs régionaux. Cette réflexion, qui s'intéresseparticulièrement ici à l'Union des nations sud-américaines (Unasur), à la Communauté andine desnations (CAN), au Marché commun du Sud (Mercosur) et au Système d'intégration centraméricaine(Sica) permet d'apporter une réponse plus précise à la question de la configuration du pouvoir dansles régionalismes latino-américains.

The world's grasslands, both natural and managed, provide food and many non-provisioning ecosystem services. Although most grasslands today are used for livestock grazing or fodder production, little is known about the spatial patterns of grassland management intensity, especially at broad geographic scales. Using the European Union as a case study, we mapped mowing frequency as a key indicator of grassland management intensity. We used MODIS NDVI time series from 2000-2012 to map mowing frequency using a spline-fitting algorithm that detects up to five mowing events within a single growing season. We combined mowing frequency maps with existing maps of livestock distribution and grassland management frequency to identify clusters of similar grassland management intensity across Europe. Our results highlight generally high mowing frequency in areas of high grassland productivity, especially in Ireland, Northern and central France, and the Netherlands. Our analyses also show distinct clusters of similar grassland management, representing different grassland-management intensity regimes. High intensity clusters occurred particularly in western and southern Europe, especially in Ireland, in the northern and central parts of France and Spain, and the Netherlands but also in northern and southern Germany and eastern Poland. Low intensity clusters were found mainly in central and eastern Europe and in mountainous regions but also in Extremadura in Spain, Wales and western England (UK). Generally, our analyses emphasize the usefulness of jointly using satellite time series and agricultural statistics to monitor grassland intensity across broad geographic extents. Our maps allow for a new, spatially-detailed view of management intensity in grassland systems and may help to improve regionally targeted land-use and conservation policies.

This research is dilator by the problems that exist in Ratahan District Government of South Minahasa Regency thatis in Effect of Compensation to Quality of Public Service which still has not give contribution optimally. The existence of factorsthat affect the compensation, among others, employee performance and employee job satisfaction. In doing a job, employeesshould have high performance. Therefore it is necessary to have a good compensation effect in order to improve the performanceof the employees.Compensation is an important factor affecting how and why people work in an organization, so that employees can work fulltime to achieve the optimum level of organizational success. Quality of Public Service is the ability of public service officers toprovide a sense of satisfaction in meeting the needs of the community very well so as to provide a good perception by thecommunity itself. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is effect of compensation on the quality of publicservices in the Government of Ratahan District South Minahasa Regency.In this research the method used is quantitative method. While the data analysis technique used is a correlation analysis andsimple linear regression analysis to show how far the relationship between the two variables. Based on the results of researchconducted and continued by analyzing the data obtained, then the result is that there is a strong relationship between the effectof compensation on public service quality of 0.624. This means that hypothesis testing is accepted. From the research resultsobtained coefficient of determination of 38.93%, the remaining 61.07% influenced from other factors that are not included inthis study.Keywords: Effect of Compensation, Quality of Public Service