Suchergebnisse

"Russia and the European Union" published on by Oxford University Press.

This paper proposes a reviewing discussion of the linkages between the concepts of better regulation and organisational governance. Both are considered in a context of the former having become an attempt (some would posit it as an exclusively EU—inspired one) to transcend many of the negative attributes of all other regulatory paradigms. After initially considering the general contextual ambient for all regulation, we then discuss the issue of to what extent should the state regulate, some aspects of the macroeconomic impact, and the regulatory components analysis which builds a causal chain in governance processes. We also consider some corporates' behaviour in the general area of the regulation/governance nexus. ; N/A

ch. 1. The constitution and character of EU law -- ch. 2. The institutions of the European Union -- ch. 3. The sources of European law -- ch. 4. Enforcement of EU law -- ch. 5. The relationship between EU law and national law -- ch. 6. Introduction to the law of the internal market -- ch. 7. Art 34 and art 35 and the free movement of goods -- ch. 8. Art 30 and customs tariffs, and art 110 and discriminatory taxation -- ch. 9. Art 45 and the free movement of workers -- ch. 10. Art 49 and freedom of establishment : art 56, and the right to provide services -- ch. 11. EU competition law -- ch. 12. Art 157 and anti-discrimination law -- ch. 13. The social dimension.

AbstractThe recent enlargement of the EU (since 2004) and the United Kingdom's decision to leave the European Union have prompted a growing research interest in the political and academic environment because of the causes and consequences of migration between the CEE countries and those in the Western Europe. In this study, the effects of European economic integration on the number of EU-15 immigrants from the newly integrated EU countries were assessed by econometric techniques. According to panel data models, in the period 2000-2015, the number of migrants from the new member states of the EU has increased, in average, with more than 2200 people only due to their EU membership. This result reflects the positive impact of European economic integration on the number of emigrants from the CEE countries that chose the EU-15 states as destination countries. Moreover, according to some ridge Bayesian regressions, during the period 2004-2015, the EU-15 immigrants coming from the EU-13 states did not negatively affect the economic growth of the EU-15 countries.

PurposeThis study deals with changes in European Union's (EU's) trade potential in Machinery (HS 84–85) and Transportation (HS86-89) products.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a Structural Gravity model, Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) estimation together with panel data for the years 2002–2018 and a two-step procedure that employs predicted values of bilateral trade to compare potential to actual trade.FindingsResults for Machinery products suggest a potential to expand trade with existing Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) in the American continent, and countries of the IGAD region in Africa. In Transportation, a high trade potential with RTAs is found in the Americas, Africa and the Middle East. Policy suggestions concentrate on opportunities for enhancing trade relations through trade liberalization and agreement proliferation.Originality/valueThere are no studies to date, that examine "collective" measure of EU trade potential, that treats the EU as a single country. Changes in existing opportunities to expand trade, common for EU members, are of special interest for policy formulation, especially after the recent turmoil presented by the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and the Greek Economic Crisis (GEC). Treating the EU as a single entity, is necessary for the formulation of an effective, common, EU trade policy. This study concentrates on the manufacturing sector to examine existing opportunities for the EU to expand trade, after the GFC and the GEC. This article deals with Machinery (HS 84 and 85) and Transportation (HS 86 through 89) products as they comprise a significant part of total EU exports, reaching 41% of total exports in 2016. Finally, this study offers a unique illustration of results through trade potential heat maps.

"Romania and the European Union" published on by Oxford University Press.

Reforms in labour and product markets play a central role in government policies. This work identifies the conditions under which structural reforms are beneficial, and throws new light on the determinants and effects of structural reforms, and on how these shape the European integration experience.

The Active Role of Courts in Consumer Litigation traces the emergence of a specific EU Law doctrine governing the role of the national courts in proceedings involving consumers that whilst only established more recently, has already become an important benchmark for effective consumer protection. According to the 'active consumer court' doctrine, developed in the case-law of the CJEU, national courts are required to raise, of their own motion, mandatory rules of EU consumer contract law, notably those protecting consumers from the use of unfair terms. This results in the strengthening of procedural consumer protection standards in ordinary proceedings but also in payment order proceedings, consumer insolvency proceedings or repossession proceedings directed against the primary family residence of the mortgage debtor. The considerations of contractual imbalance will now have to be taken into account in court proceedings leading, where necessary, to the reform of national procedural safeguards to protect the weaker contractual party. Dr Anthi Beka is a legal administrator with the chambers of Judge M. Vilaras in the Court of Justice of the European Union. She holds a PhD from the Faculty of Law, University of Luxembourg

"Austria and the European Union" published on by Oxford University Press.

The authors present and analyses the effects of introducing EURO on the European Union Market. On 1 January 2002, the euro banknotes and coins are introduced in 12 Member States of the European Union. But what is the background to the euro? Which countries are involved? How did the euro evolve? On the following pages, you will find the answers to these and many other questions along with all the information you will need about the biggest monetary changeover in history. So, whether you are in Europe or elsewhere in the world, why not take a journey with us to discover how the euro evolved?