Suchergebnisse

The issue of women's under-representation in politics continues to be controversial and pressing in countries all over the world. According to the Inter Parliamentary Union, only 14.7 per cent of the world's legislators are women.1 In no country do women achieve parity with men in terms of parliamentary representation. The record of many of the world's most developed countries is particularly poor. Looking at lower houses of the legislature, in the US women's representation is only 14 per cent, in the UK 18 per cent, France 12 per cent and Italy 10 per cent. These countries are considerably out-performed by others such as South Africa and Argentina, both at 30 per cent.2

This article is a first attempt to examine the effectiveness of EU water policies in a comparative perspective. It provides a systematic analysis of the relationship between EU water policies and the quality of national water resources for 17 EU member states over a period of 23 years (1990&ndash ; 2012). The analysis reveals that EU policies have contributed to the water quality in the member states. Moreover, it finds that decentralized implementation processes enhance the effectiveness of top-down policy instruments while not making a significant difference for bottom-up policy instruments. Administrative capacities and (neo-)corporatist arrangement seem to play some, yet only minor, role in determining the effectiveness of EU water policies. This way, the article speaks to the literature on EU compliance and implementation and the broader public policy literature.

Full publication at: https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/52313 ; In 2020 we published our second book from the series 'Annual Publication of the Institute for European Studies', entitled 'The Future of the European Union – Demisting the Debate'. This edited volume includes 14 original contributions, featuring a foreword by Giles Merrit, an introduction by the co-editors Dr. Mark Harwood, Dr. Stefano Moncada and Prof Roderick Pace. The remaining 12 chapters include contributions from international renowned scholars, and emerging authors. The Institute for European Studies has made available, freely accessible, the whole publication, and the single individual chapters, via the institutional repository of the University of Malta ( https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/52313). The book launch was held on 13th February 2020 at the Central Bank in Valletta with an introduction by the Pro-Rector, Prof. Carmen Sammut, the key speech by His Excellency Walter Hassmann, German Ambassador to Malta, with a concluding address by the Pro-Rector Prof Godfrey Baldacchino. The book includes chapters on: Decoupling and Federalizing: Europe after the Multiple Crises Sergio Fabbrini Portrait of a Union: Redrawing a Sketch of the Whole Dimitris N. Chryssochoou The Future of the EU in Jean-Claude Juncker's State of the Union Speeches Jean Claude Cachia The Future of Europe: The View from Strasbourg During the 'Future of Europe' Debate Mark Harwood Europe in the World 95 Chapter Five The EU's Role in the World Trading System Richard W.T. Pomfret The Arab Spring and the Post-Arab Spring (2011–19): An Assessment of the European Response Bichara Khader The Future of European Security and Defence: Keeping the Americans in? Valentina Cassar The Future of EU Defence and inter-Parliamentary Co-operation Roderick Pace EU Cybersecurity Governance – Stakeholders and Normative Intentions towards Integration Agnes Kasper Towards a 'Cyber Maastricht': Two Steps Forward, One Step Back Agnes Kasper & Vlad Alex ...

WHAT PLACE DOES EUROPE RESERVE FOR CULTURE? IN PARTICULAR, DOES THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK MAKE IT POSSIBLE FOR THE CULTURES OF MEMBER STATES TO DEVELOP IN THE RESPECT OF THEIR DIVERSITY, AS STIPULATED IN THE UNION TREATY? ONE CAN, OF COURSE, PREFER A GENEROUS VISION OF A COMPOSITE EUROPE, WHERE IDEAS CIRCULATE FREELY, AS WELL AS THEIR CREATORS AND THE LATTER'S WORKS. GIVEN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY'S FOUNDING PRINCIPLES, ONE IS TEMPTED TO SEE THE EU'S LEGAL ORDER AS THE NATURAL SETTING FOR THE DIFFUSION OF EUROPEAN CULTURES. BUT THE EU'S RATIONALE MAINLY FOCUSSES ON BUILDING A SINGLE MARKET IN A SINGLE SPACE. FROM THIS ANGLE, THE PERSPECTIVE IS NOT SO IDYLLIC. ALTHOUGH CERTAIN CULTURAL GOODS CAN ALSO BE SEEN FROM AN ECONOMIC VIEWPOINT (IN THAT THEY ARE INTENDED FOR CIRCULATION IN COMMERCE), THEIR CULTURAL VALUE SHOULD NOT BE OVERLOOKED. HOW DOES EU LAW HANDLE THIS QUESTION? ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL INTERESTS ARE NOT ALWAYS COMPATIBLE WITH EACH OTHER. UNDER WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES DOES CULTURAL SPECIFICITY REQUIRE A SOLUTION DIFFERENT FROM AN ECONOMIC ONE? DOES EU LAW REALLY TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE DIMENSION OF CULTURE IN THE PURSUIT OF ITS PRINCIPAL OBJECTIVES? ALL THESE QUESTIONS RECEIVE DIFFERENT ANSWERS DEPENDING ON THE TYPE OF LEGISLATION. GIVEN CURRENT LEGAL TEXTS. ONE CAN BUT HOPE FOR MORE AWARENESS WHENEVER CULTURAL INTERESTS ARE AT STAKE.

The literature claims that the returns to transnational human capital (THC) are considerable and extend beyond firms that use it. This article critically appraises this claim and for the first time compares the employment returns to three types of THC: fluency in foreign languages, study abroad, and friendship ties abroad. The Eurobarometer 73.3 reveals that fluency in English alone is related to employment status, a relationship that based on the statistical evidence presented here may actually be spurious. The findings reflect that demand for THC is less strong and THC has less signaling and symbolic value than the literature assumes.

This book describes the rules governing appeals before the Court of Justice of the European Union. The appeal is the judicial remedy by which a party may contest a decision of the General Court of the European Union. It concerns matters in which the Tribunal has jurisdiction such as, competition, mergers, state aids, access to documents, restrictive measures, EU staff, trade marks, and other areas of intellectual property. This form of judicial remedy was created just over 25 years ago. It is specific to the ECJ, and can only be learned through the case-law. This book is a description of the case-law, and of the rules that the lawyers pleading appeal cases are required to know.

European Union agencies are increasingly used to stimulate domestic compliance with EU law, without concrete evidence for whether and how these bodies actually realize this. Through in-depth analysis of the European Railway Agency, this article enhances our empirical understanding of the working and functioning of EU agencies, and advances our thinking about compliance in international settings. It leads us to the insight that -- in order to be capable of stimulating domestic compliance -- agencies should be flexible to resort to a mix of compliance strategies in order to be able to cope with the varying domestic compliance situations. Adapted from the source document.