Suchergebnisse

International audience ; Encounters between several bodies of therapeutic knowledge have led to a restructuring of the entire health system, including a transformation in medical ethics. Defining "new ethics" with both Chinese and international characteristics, is part of the ongoing knowledge production process: plural health ideas, practices and medical sciences develop within the broader framework of social and economic transition. Such transition simultaneously reveals and encourages China's influence and position in an era of globalization including in the technical and knowledge production domains. Re-alignments in medical ethics in Reform China (post-1979) highlight a rather under-explored aspect of medical plurality enabling these ethics to be used as an analytical lens to provide information about social and political issues. In this article, two sets of ethical principles, one from Late Imperial China (Late Ming Era), the other from post-Mao China (1980s), are detailed and analysed. They were selected as case-studies mainly because they reflected at the time of their emergence an on-going radical change in society in the realm of health and medicine. Therefore both sets unveil the process of legitimizing a "Chinese medicine" in a context of epistemological shift: such a process takes various conceptual and practical forms framed along the lines of the current dominant ideological system and constrained by socio-economic and political factors. Finally, issues relative to research ethics, bioethics and the New Health Reform guidelines raised in the 2000s, which represents also a significant historical turn for China, are discussed. Drawn from the overall discussion throughout the text, several concluding remarks contribute to advocate for "win-win" encounters - from the East to the West and from the South to the South, and for more implementable transnational/global ethics designing. ; La rencontre entre plusieurs savoirs thérapeutiques donne lieu à une restructuration du système de santé et de facto à ...

International audience ; Encounters between several bodies of therapeutic knowledge have led to a restructuring of the entire health system, including a transformation in medical ethics. Defining "new ethics" with both Chinese and international characteristics, is part of the ongoing knowledge production process: plural health ideas, practices and medical sciences develop within the broader framework of social and economic transition. Such transition simultaneously reveals and encourages China's influence and position in an era of globalization including in the technical and knowledge production domains. Re-alignments in medical ethics in Reform China (post-1979) highlight a rather under-explored aspect of medical plurality enabling these ethics to be used as an analytical lens to provide information about social and political issues. In this article, two sets of ethical principles, one from Late Imperial China (Late Ming Era), the other from post-Mao China (1980s), are detailed and analysed. They were selected as case-studies mainly because they reflected at the time of their emergence an on-going radical change in society in the realm of health and medicine. Therefore both sets unveil the process of legitimizing a "Chinese medicine" in a context of epistemological shift: such a process takes various conceptual and practical forms framed along the lines of the current dominant ideological system and constrained by socio-economic and political factors. Finally, issues relative to research ethics, bioethics and the New Health Reform guidelines raised in the 2000s, which represents also a significant historical turn for China, are discussed. Drawn from the overall discussion throughout the text, several concluding remarks contribute to advocate for "win-win" encounters - from the East to the West and from the South to the South, and for more implementable transnational/global ethics designing. ; La rencontre entre plusieurs savoirs thérapeutiques donne lieu à une restructuration du système de santé et de facto à ...

Research on self-education and self-directed learning, respectively in French and English works, has enriched the conceptual field in adult education where the notions of autonomy and emancipation are sometimes confused in their original meaning, despite different paths of research and different ways of interpretation. The research thus addressed psychological, social, axiological and even political aspects of autonomy and emancipation. This article, through a triple etymological, historical and theoretical examination of the work in this field, proposes to identify the main lines of tension for articulating these differents notions. Finally, the discussion opens on current projections about the use of terms like empowerment, capacitation and capabilities, which renew issues for self-education and self-directed learning, if not more generally for adult education. ; Les recherches sur l'autoformation, en français comme en anglais, ont développé un champ conceptuel riche où les notions d'autonomie et d'émancipation sont parfois confondues, dans leur acception originelle, même si l'histoire des différents courants de recherche a ensuite emprunté différentes voies d'interprétation. Ces recherches ont ainsi abordé des dimensions tant psychologiques que sociales, axiologiques et même politiques de l'autonomisation et de l'émancipation. A travers un triple examen étymologique, historique et théorique des travaux sur l'autoformation, cet article propose de dégager les principales lignes de tension, dans la recherche du domaine, permettant d'articuler ces notions. La discussion finale ouvre sur les prolongements actuels de ces questions autour de l'emploi des termes d'empowerment, de capacitation et de capabilités, qui renouvellent les rapports et les enjeux des conditions et finalités même de l'autoformation, si ce n'est de l'éducation des adultes, de manière plus générale.

Research on self-education and self-directed learning, respectively in French and English works, has enriched the conceptual field in adult education where the notions of autonomy and emancipation are sometimes confused in their original meaning, despite different paths of research and different ways of interpretation. The research thus addressed psychological, social, axiological and even political aspects of autonomy and emancipation. This article, through a triple etymological, historical and theoretical examination of the work in this field, proposes to identify the main lines of tension for articulating these differents notions. Finally, the discussion opens on current projections about the use of terms like empowerment, capacitation and capabilities, which renew issues for self-education and self-directed learning, if not more generally for adult education. ; Les recherches sur l'autoformation, en français comme en anglais, ont développé un champ conceptuel riche où les notions d'autonomie et d'émancipation sont parfois confondues, dans leur acception originelle, même si l'histoire des différents courants de recherche a ensuite emprunté différentes voies d'interprétation. Ces recherches ont ainsi abordé des dimensions tant psychologiques que sociales, axiologiques et même politiques de l'autonomisation et de l'émancipation. A travers un triple examen étymologique, historique et théorique des travaux sur l'autoformation, cet article propose de dégager les principales lignes de tension, dans la recherche du domaine, permettant d'articuler ces notions. La discussion finale ouvre sur les prolongements actuels de ces questions autour de l'emploi des termes d'empowerment, de capacitation et de capabilités, qui renouvellent les rapports et les enjeux des conditions et finalités même de l'autoformation, si ce n'est de l'éducation des adultes, de manière plus générale.

Research on self-education and self-directed learning, respectively in French and English works, has enriched the conceptual field in adult education where the notions of autonomy and emancipation are sometimes confused in their original meaning, despite different paths of research and different ways of interpretation. The research thus addressed psychological, social, axiological and even political aspects of autonomy and emancipation. This article, through a triple etymological, historical and theoretical examination of the work in this field, proposes to identify the main lines of tension for articulating these differents notions. Finally, the discussion opens on current projections about the use of terms like empowerment, capacitation and capabilities, which renew issues for self-education and self-directed learning, if not more generally for adult education. ; Les recherches sur l'autoformation, en français comme en anglais, ont développé un champ conceptuel riche où les notions d'autonomie et d'émancipation sont parfois confondues, dans leur acception originelle, même si l'histoire des différents courants de recherche a ensuite emprunté différentes voies d'interprétation. Ces recherches ont ainsi abordé des dimensions tant psychologiques que sociales, axiologiques et même politiques de l'autonomisation et de l'émancipation. A travers un triple examen étymologique, historique et théorique des travaux sur l'autoformation, cet article propose de dégager les principales lignes de tension, dans la recherche du domaine, permettant d'articuler ces notions. La discussion finale ouvre sur les prolongements actuels de ces questions autour de l'emploi des termes d'empowerment, de capacitation et de capabilités, qui renouvellent les rapports et les enjeux des conditions et finalités même de l'autoformation, si ce n'est de l'éducation des adultes, de manière plus générale.

In a period of social and political volatility, the art world and the art market cannot remain untouched (Tefaf Art Market Report, 2017: 10). Changes, some of which are radical, have been noticed, bringing a new balance to the art world. This balance is characterized by many different notions, and one of those notions, that even manages to create new perceptions to what we knew so far, is the institution of the international art fair. But what do really art fairs do? This paper, the title of which has been inspired by Maria Lind's curated Eleventh Gwangju Biennale (GB11), under the title The Eighth Climate (What does art do)? (ArtReview Asia, 2016), will start with a general introduction to the history of art fairs and how they formed to what they are today. It will then examine critically the relation of art fairs to contemporary society through three main extensions: society, politics and the art market. In order to answer this question, we will focus on a specific example as a case study: Art Dubai, an emerging art fair developed within an interesting social and political framework, that brought a fresh air and new standards in the art market of Dubai in the past twelve years. It managed to put the city to the spotlight of the international art map while aiming to become a bridge in discourse for the East and the West (Shannon, 2013: 260). With a critical examination of the long list of educational and non-profit activities supporting Art Dubai's social goals, we will observe the political extensions that have been vital to its operation as well as the financial elements that generated new aspects on the local art market. This analysis is aimed at finding a series of possible answers for our research question In the conclusion, the updated image of the institution of the art fair will be presented, within social, political and financial extents, as a reflection of the case study in relation to the theoretical framework of the research.

"Analyzes the deliberations and impact of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC). Argues that while it failed to realize its idealistic goals, its very failure generated valuable contestation within and beyond the TRC process"--Provided by publisher

Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Exodus and Genesis: Leaving Chamula, Creating Community in Guadalupe -- Chapter 3. Opting for the Poor: The Catholic Diocese of San Cristóbal and Human Rights -- Chapter 4. The Sin of Westernization: Power, Religion, and Expulsion -- Chapter 5. Defining Human Rights in Context: Anthropological, Legal, and Catholic Perspectives -- Chapter 6. Respect and Equality: Practicing Rights in Guadalupe -- Chapter 7. "Our Culture Keeps Us Strong": Conversion and Self-Determination -- Chapter 8. Working and Walking to Serve God: Building a Community of Faith -- Chapter 9. Conclusion -- Notes -- Chronology: Key Events in Chiapas, Chamula, and the Diocese of San Cristóbal de Las Casas -- Glossary -- References -- Index.

Deviating from a standard career path is increasingly becoming an option for individuals to combine paid labor with other important life domains. These career detours emerge in diverse labor forms such as part-time jobs, temporary working hour reductions, and labor force time-outs, used to alleviate conflicting time demands throughout careers, especially during the rush hour of working life. Policy makers in various EU countries are constructing life course facilities to accommodate households while optimizing the labor participation of all possible contributors, particularly women and older workers. Yet surprisingly little is known of their possible effects on the careers of individuals over the longer-term. This thesis focuses directly on this information deficit and aims at answering the vital question: How do deviations from a standard career path affect individual careers? The foundation for the theoretical framework of this thesis is human capital theory, built upon further with theories incorporating the meso-level of organizations using statistical discrimination theory and tournament models. This thesis comprises three empirical studies covering four types of career path detours: part-time work, nonparticipation (voluntary and unemployment) and institutionalized career breaks. It establishes longer-term effects of career deviations on individual careers, using a range of social and economic indicators to cover diverse career aspects such as labor participation and continuity, the level of socio-economic status and its change over time, the function level, and wage and wage growth. The first empirical study concerns the effects of part-time work and the second study examines nonparticipation (voluntary and unemployment). Both studies use the 1990-2001 waves from the Dutch socio-economic panel (SEP). The third empirical study examines the Belgian career break system using three data sets: (1992-2002) from the Panel Study on Belgian Households (PSBH), the PSBH Career Module, and the Panel Mobility of Working Age Population (PMWP 1998-2002). The multivariate analyses show that part-time work is not conducive to climbing career ladders. This applies to men and women based on the negative effects observed on both socio-economic status and the function level. Part-time jobs are not compatible with higher status and function levels. The findings demonstrate further that the negative effects of labor force exits on women's wages and socio-economic status are resilient even three years after returning to work. Voluntary exits are not without serious repercussions. The Belgian career break system however, adds up to a positive balance. Men experience positive effects on wage and wage growth after temporary hour reductions (part-time breaks), which bring them back up to the wage level prior to the break before dissipating. Women experience a positive effect on their wage and wage growth after using a full-time career break and this effect persists over time. This life course labor market instrument has a positive effect on individual careers. The purpose of this thesis was to make evident the longer-term effects of career deviations on individual careers in terms of labor continuity and job-related indicators. If it is the intention to make deviating from standard careers a viable option for individuals during their working lives, the negative longer-term individual effects as observed and described in this research will first need to be addressed.

À partir des années 1970-1980, les Kayapo du Nord du Brésil se sont imposés sur la scène politique et médiatique internationale dans le but de défendre leurs droits ancestraux et leur identité ethnique et ainsi contrer les divers projets du gouvernement brésilien menaçant leur mode de vie et leurs territoires. Ce mémoire dresse le panorama des multiples mobilisations indiennes Kayapo et de leurs divers alliés ainsi que la façon dont ils se sont appropriés la modernité à des fins politiques stratégiques et l'ont indianisée (.)

À partir des années 1970-1980, les Kayapo du Nord du Brésil se sont imposés sur la scène politique et médiatique internationale dans le but de défendre leurs droits ancestraux et leur identité ethnique et ainsi contrer les divers projets du gouvernement brésilien menaçant leur mode de vie et leurs territoires. Ce mémoire dresse le panorama des multiples mobilisations indiennes Kayapo et de leurs divers alliés ainsi que la façon dont ils se sont appropriés la modernité à des fins politiques stratégiques et l'ont indianisée (.)

A pesquisa trata da política indigenista de saúde no estado do Amazonas e tem, como lócus de estudo, o Conselho Distrital de Saúde Indígena (Condisi) no âmbito da Secretaria Especial de Saúde Indígena de Manaus (Sesai). O objetivo é analisar como a participação indígena vem sendo incorporada nas políticas locais de saúde a partir do papel das lideranças indígenas na construção da política dos Distritos Sanitários Especiais Indígenas (dsei). O objeto central da pesquisa é a participação indígena na política de saúde indigenista de Manaus. Como principal pressuposto tem-se que o movimento indígena tem incorporado estratégias da sociedade nacional para reivindicar direitos referidos à sua autodeterminação com conquistas efetivas no contexto das políticas indigenistas. A metodologia adotada englobou pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa documental e de campo com a utilização da observação e da entrevista semiestruturada realizada entre os anos de 2011 e 2013. Foram realizadas entrevistas com seis lideranças indígenas do Condisi após a leitura e a assinatura do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. A técnica de análise de conteúdo permitiu inferir conhecimentos relacionados às mensagens e às condições em que elas são produzidas e reproduzidas, os aspectos velados, não expressos nas falas, mas presentes nas entrelinhas, nas formas de se expressar dos entrevistados. Dentre os resultados da análise de dados, constata-se que a participação enquanto categoria analítica e ao mesmo tempo categoria empírica foi objeto central da pesquisa. Dessa forma, foi necessário refazer o trajeto que a participação trilhou na história da construção democrática brasileira. Todavia, apesar dos aspectos comuns que estão no debate sobre a participação nas políticas públicas, o trabalho permite concluir que a participação sob a lente indígena está aquém das inspirações dessa população e do cerne que vem caracterizando a luta do movimento indígena no país, que é a autodeterminação, ou seja, definir a política e executá-la de acordo com as necessidades e as especificidades dos povos indígenas. Conclui-se que incorporar as reivindicações indígenas às inovações e às mudanças operadas nas políticas de saúde não tem significado melhorias no atendimento e mudanças efetivas no cotidiano dessa população. ; La presente investigación es acerca de la política indigenista de salud en el departamento de Amazonas (Brasil) y tiene como objeto de estudio el Conselho Distrital de Saúde Indígena (Condisi) en el marco de la Secretaria Especial de Saúde Indígena de Manaus (Sesai). El propósito es analizar cómo la participación indígena ha sido incorporada a las políticas locales de salud desde el papel de los liderazgos indígenas en la construcción de los Distritos Sanitários Especiais Indígenas (dsei). El objetivo central de la investigación es la participación indígena en la política de salud indigenista de Manaus. Como presupuesto principal está que el movimiento indígena ha incorporado estrategias de la sociedad nacional para reclamar derechos referidos a su autodeterminación con logros efectivos en el contexto de las políticas indigenistas. La metodología adoptada abarcó investigación bibliográfica, documental y de campo, con la utilización de la observación y de la entrevista semi-estructurada, realizada entre el 2011 y el 2013. Se realizaron entrevistas con seis líderes indígenas del Condisi luego de la lectura y firma del término de consentimiento libre y esclarecido. La técnica de análisis de contenido permitió inferir conocimientos acerca de los mensajes y de las condiciones en que estos se producen y reproducen, los aspectos velados, no expresados en las declaraciones, pero presentes en las entrelíneas, en las formas de expresarse de los entrevistados. Entre los resultados del análisis de datos, se encontró que la participación en cuanto categoría analítica y, al tiempo, categoría empírica, fue objeto central de la investigación. Así, fue necesario reconstruir el trayecto que la participación recurrió en la historia de la construcción democrática brasileña. Sin embargo, a pesar de los aspectos comunes que están en la participación en las políticas públicas, el trabajo permite concluir que la participación bajo la visión indígena está lejos de las inspiraciones de esta población y de la fundamentación que caracteriza la lucha del movimiento indígena en el país, que es la autodeterminación, es decir, definir la política y ejecutarla de acuerdo con las necesidades y especificidades de los pueblos indígenas. Se concluye que incorporar las reivindicaciones indígenas a las innovaciones y cambios operados en las políticas de salud no ha significado mejoras en la atención y cambios efectivos en el cotidiano de esta población. ; This research project focuses on indigenist health policies in the Amazonas depart­ment (Brazil) and its object of study is the Conselho Distrital de Saúde Indígena (Condisi), in the framework of the Secretaria Especial de Saúde Indígena de Manaus (Sesai). The ob­jective of the study is to analyze how the participation of indigenous populations has been incorporated into local health policies, through the presence of indigenous leaders in the construction of the Distritos Sanitários Especiais Indígenas (dsei). The central objective of the research is to examine indigenous participation in the indigenist health policy of Manaus. Its main assumption is that the indigenous movement has adopted the strategies of national society in order to claim rights pertaining to their self-determination, with effective achievements in the context of indigenist policies. The methodology included bibliographic, documentary, and field research, using observation and semi-structured interviews carried out between 2011 and 2013. Six indigenous leaders from Condisi were interviewed after they read and signed the free and informed consent form. The content analysis technique made it possible to make inferences regarding the messages and the conditions in which they are produced and reproduced, the veiled aspects that were not explicit in their statements, but that could be read between the lines and in the way the in­terviewees expressed themselves. Data analysis results showed that participation, as both an analytical and empirical category, was the central object of the research. This made it necessary to reconstruct the path followed by participation in the history of Brazilian democratic construction. However, despite the common aspects found in the participa­tion in public policies, the research leads us to conclude that according to the indigenous view, said participation is far from the aspirations of that population and from the reasons for the struggle of the indigenous movement in the country, which is self-determination, that is, defining and implementing policies according to the needs and specificities of the indigenous peoples. The conclusion is that including indigenous claims to the innova­tions and changes in health policies has not improved healthcare or achieved effective changes in the daily lives of that population.

Environmental impact assessment methods are now widely used in order to measure environmental impacts associated with human activities (for products, services, and systems). Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is without doubt the foremost assessment method. LCA is also often thought of as the more advanced one, despite serious limitations (e.g. LCA does not include properly economical or social dimensions). In this PhD report, I explore more specifically the issue of integrating time in both inventory models and impact assessments along the life-cycle. In the case of climate change, I offer an evolution of traditional LCA towards a framework that includes dynamic and cumulative aspects as expressed directly in CO2-equivalent. This approach, which is oriented towards reporting practices and/or public policies, is afterwards applied to three different case studies of growing complexity. The central hypothesis of this work is that switching from traditional to so-called "dynamic" LCA would allow for better results with regards to one reality of environmental processes ; Les méthodes d'évaluation environnementale sont de plus en plus utilisées pour mieux apprécier les impacts environnementaux générés par les activités humaines (produits, services, systèmes). L'analyse de cycle de vie (ACV) est sans doute la méthode d'évaluation la plus répandue. Elle est aussi souvent considérée comme la plus avancée, bien qu'elle comporte de sérieuses limites (elle n'intègre pas de réels indicateurs économiques ou sociaux, par exemple). Dans cette thèse de doctorat, j'examine plus particulièrement la problématique de l'intégration du temps dans les modèles d'inventaire et les calculs d'impact tout au long du cycle de vie. J'y présente une évolution de la méthodologie d'ACV traditionnelle pour le cas du réchauffement climatique, qui incorpore des aspects dynamiques et cumulatifs exprimés directement en équivalent-CO2. Cette perspective orientée vers une meilleure prise en compte dans les pratiques de reporting et/ou les politiques publiques est ensuite déclinée sur trois cas d'application de complexité croissante pour l'analyse. L'hypothèse centrale de ce travail est que le passage d'une ACV traditionnelle à une ACV dite « dynamique » permettrait d'obtenir des résultats d'évaluation d'impacts plus proches de la réalité des phénomènes environnementaux

La société par action, la « joint stock company » (La société anonyme en droit français) a été une des innovations institutionnelles et juridiques majeures sur laquelle a reposé l'expansion du capitalisme moderne, elle a été un depuis la fin du XIXe siècle l'instrument central du développement industriel - et financier - des économies occidentales d'abord, et du reste du monde ensuite et en a orienté le mode de développement jusqu'à aujourd'hui. La forme sociétale a été l'instrument à la fois de l'accumulation et la concentration du capital, et de la concentration industrielle, du développement du capitalisme industriel et du capitalisme financier. C'est sur cette base légale que se construira un système managérial de contrôle et de gestion, mais aussi certains aspects de l'organisation productive et de la gestion du travail, depuis la grande firme intégrée jusqu'au groupes financiers et aux réseaux de liens financiers qui structurent le capitalisme d'aujourd'hui.Dans la vision aujourd'hui dominante, la société par action et elle seule aurait permis la construction de systèmes productifs de grandes tailles, de plus en plus efficients, assurant au mieux, pour ses défenseurs, non pas seulement l'intérêt des actionnaires, mais aussi celui des diverses parties prenantes et finalement l'intérêt de la société. C'est ce qui, dans une vision néo-darwinienne plus ou moins implicite en expliquerait la domination. La réalité est, on s'en doute, plus complexe. La domination d'un capitalisme de sociétés anonymes, d'un corporate capitalism, n'a pas eu que des conséquences économiques (qui ne peuvent pas être réduites à des questions d' « efficience »), elle a eu aussi et surtout des conséquences majeurs dans ledomaine social, politique, et écologique, qui ont suscité, dès le 19ème siècle, des mouvements de recherche de formes alternatives d'organisation économique et sociales, qui se sont exprimés notamment dans la montée de l'économie sociale et solidaire, jusqu'à, aujourd'hui, le mouvement de retour et d'expansion des communs. C'est dans cette perspective qu'il est utile d'étudier comment s'est construite, au 19ème siècle, cette domination de la Corporation, pour, à la fois en mieux saisir les traits, la logique, et les conditions complexes qui assurent la domination (et éventuellement le déclin) de grandes formes sociales. L'étude de constitution progressive des caractères de la SA moderne, et de son affirmation comme forme dominante, doit éclairer de manière plus générale les conditions pouvant favoriser de formation et de diffusion de formes sociales nouvelles, et par là les conditions de son dépassement.