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The article is a short presentation and critical evaluation of the main aspects of Kant's theoretical and practical philosophy. It focuses on ontological consequences of the so-called Copernican turn that places man in a self-created, phenomenal world, cutting off any hope for his contact with the transcendent reality, independent of man's cognition. The only escape from this danger of the subjectification of reality is, unjustly criticized, Kant's acknowledgment of Ding an sich. In the area of practical philosophy, Kant's ethics of categorical imperative, of good will and the fact of freedom, is an interesting but indefensible project of formal and autonomic ethics that, unfortunately, due to its elitist conclusions cannot fulfil the task of teaching morality. In the light of development in cultural anthropology and hermeneutical philosophy of life, Kant's position needs to be significantly updated.

Hermeneutic Philosophy is one of the most important currents of contemporary philosophy. This book presents the basic concepts necessary for a hermeneutic approach to politics and the political. It is here that the fundamental meaning of such categories as culture, nation, state, tradition, language, history as a community of fate appears. The author negates the postmodern character of this current and analyzes the place of the concept of freedom, and thus the relationship of Hermeneutic Philosophy to liberalism and republicanism. It is clear that the Hermeneutic Philosophy of politics supports the communal, republican attitude. The relationship between national sovereignty and European responsibility, in the context of the absolutisation of individual freedom, the criticism of the nation state and the family as the basic cell of social life, are reflected as well.