Modern liberal democracy and authoritarian collectivism have known diverse political regimes; autocratic, oligarchic or democratic, they each consist of a mixed, partly oligarchic regime in which plebeian politics are subordinated. With authoritarian collectivism's defeat, a return to modernity has produced one more hybrid configuration.
An in-depth investigation of political modernity and how it is differentiated from other forms of society, this book researches its origins and trajectory as a specific dimension of modern civilisation – articulating a renewed critical theory through an analysis of rights and law, politics, state and autonomy, social reproduction, crisis and political change.
Examining these diverse aspects, Political Modernity and Social Theory proposes an encompassing and far-reaching approach spanning past and present – stressing radical plebeian democracy and maintaining a strong opening to the future and to possible alternatives to modernity.
The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.
This paper addresses the topic of social, economic and cultural rights (DESCs, from the Spanish acronym), and their historical and current relationship with aspects such as civil and political rights, collective rights, and natural resources. It places particular emphasis on the lack of protection of DESCs on the part of society, government, and the justice system on a regional, national, and even international level, which leads to the lack of a conscientious, progressive, and scheduled articulation of human rights as a comprehensive concept. Therefore, human rights, but especially DESCs, are not materialized as a practical reality within the framework of modern democratic states. A discussion of this topic entails a historical conceptual review of DESCs and their direct relationship with economic and environmental issues such as natural resources, environment, sustainability, and viability ; En este artículo se aborda el tema de los derechos económicos, sociales y culturales (DESC) y su relación histórica y actual con aspectos como los derechos civiles y políticos, los derechos colectivos y los recursos naturales; con énfasis en el desamparo social, estatal y judicial en que se encuentran los DESC en el contexto nacional, regional e incluso internacional, lo que conlleva que no se articulen de manera consciente, progresiva y programática los derechos humanos en su concepción integral; y por tanto ellos, en especial los DESC, no se concreten como realidad práctica dentro del marco de los Estados democráticos modernos. Para su desarrollo se realiza un análisis histórico y conceptual de los DESC y su relación directa con conceptos de carácter ambiental y económico como recursos naturales, medio ambiente, sostenibilidad y sustentabilidad.
The aim of this paper is the study of the manner how the Cyclops Polyphemus spoke and then we could obtain a kind of social communicative stuff within apolitical statements. This is, although the Cyclops had a language trough out he communicates, he did not possess a notable speech proper of a modern society with their particular lows and the skills of a productive speech which belong to the men who lives social conditions as a common political unity, such as the philosophical ideas from Plato and Aristotle. So this is, Polyphemus and Odysseus are in an antithetical position. ; En el siguiente artículo se trata el tema del lenguaje del cíclope Polifemo como una proyección de un estado de comunicación social con rasgos de elementos apolíticos. Quiere decir esto que el cíclope, aunque se comunicaba, carecía de un discurso digno de una sociedad avanzada en el contenido de las leyes y de las destrezas discursivas propias del hombre social, tal como se define desde los lineamientos culturales de la sociedad occidental a partir de las ideas filosóficas de Platón y de Aristóteles. En este sentido, Polifemo constituye una antítesis con respecto a Odiseo.
Ideas presented in the article philosophers of classical type of scientific knowledge about the nature and forms of interaction between people in society so far have their enduring significance. In the depths of the classical approaches in social philosophy were formulated system of ideas, samples, determining the comparison and understanding of the basic aspects and spheres of life: nature, society, people's lives, their work, knowledge, ideals and values. Accordingly, it appears, and the content of public relations and relations of people as structure based on a set of mandatory guidelines. At the same time, we see that in each of these approaches provides a set of questions, the answers to which have to find a new problem field, the drop in current scientific debates.
"A historical interrogation from a global perspective of the use of fear to vilify and persecute groups and individuals. Offering a look at racism, fearful framing, oppression, and marginalization, and how 'the Other' is defined and how fear is reinforced, spread, and used for political gain"--
Comunicació presentada al XVIII Congreso de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, celebrat a Bellaterra del 24 al 27 de setembre de 2003. ; El trabajo, basado en los resultados de una investigación realizada por el Centre d'Estudis Demogràfics por encargo de la Dirección General de Empleo y Asuntos Sociales de la Comisión Europea, pretende analizar las dimensiones sociales de la movilidad residencial en dos de sus aspectos básicos: en primer lugar, la inserción social de los individuos, entendiendo como tal tanto la participación formal en clubes, asociaciones, etc., como las relaciones cotidianas de amistad y vecindad; y, en segundo lugar, la calidad del entorno residencial medida por la presencia o no de disfunciones como la delincuencia, el ruido o la contaminación. Para realizar dicho análisis se cuenta con los datos procedentes del Panel de Hogares de la Unión Europea, que permite, aparte de subrayar las diferencias regionales entre los distintos países que lo componen, realizar un análisis temporal de dichos procesos y, consecuentemente, establecer una posible relación de causalidad entre ellos. ; El treball, basat en els resultats d'una investigació realitzada pel Centre d'Estudis Demogràfics per encàrrec de la Direcció General de Treball i Asumptes Socials de la Comisió Europea, pretén analitzar les dimensions socials de la mobilitat residencial en dos dels seus aspectes bàsics: en primer lloc, la inserció social dels individus, entenent com a tal la participació formal en clubs, asociacions, etc., com les relacions quotidianes d'amistat i veinatge; i en segon lloc, la qualitat de l'entorn residencial mesurada per la presència o no de disfuncions com la delinqüència, el soroll o la contaminació. Per realitzar aquest anàlisi es compta amb les dades procedents del Panell de Llars de la Unió Europea, que permet, a banda de subratllar les diferències regionals entre els diferents països que el componen, realitzar un anàlisi temporal d'aquest procés i conseqüentment, establir una possible relació de causalitat entre ells. ; This paper is based on the results of an investigation carried out by the Centre d'Estudis Demogràfics for the General Direction of Employment and Social Matters of the European Commission. It aims at analyzing two basic aspects of the social dimensions of residential mobility: first, the social insertion of the individuals, understood in terms of formal participation in clubs, associations, etc., and everyday relations of friendship and neighbourhood; and, second, the quality of the residential environment measured by the presence or absence of negative aspects such as delinquency, noise or air pollution. Data from the European Community Household Panel have been used. This not only underlines the regional differences among the countries that integrate it, but using a longitudinal analysis of the above mentioned processes, establishes possible relations of causality among them.
The goal of the paper was the analysis of the main aspects o f Special Economic Zones (SEZ) activity. It refers especially to the goals for establishment, operational models of these zones, SEZ based on examples of selected countries and Poland in the context o f integration with the European Union. The Special Economic Zones to create more attractive conditions for business operations, to contribute mainly to the development of small and medium enterprises and variety of services, consequently to improve employment. However, the consequences of the zones existence can be negative for economy of the region. The Special Economic Zones that are functioning worldwide are different. In Poland, they were first designed by the Irish and based on the example of the zone in Shannon. The existence and principles of the Special Economic Zones operations in Poland are one of the contradiction points in the negotiations with the European Union.
ObjectiveThis study illuminates the communicative and social qualities of naturally occurring public resistance to authoritative debunking of political misperceptions, rumors, and conspiracy theories. Developing the concept of a "rumor community," it highlights aspects of rumoring processes overlooked by psychological approaches common in misperception research.MethodsOver 2,000 user‐generated comments from the "vaccines cause autism" rumor community, produced as the medical study that had sparked the rumor was retracted and ultimately denounced as fraudulent, are examined for their contribution to the public conversation about vaccine safety.ResultsRumor community members publicly counterargue debunking messages, which creates a communication environment offering argumentative resources to community members and reaffirming the community's solidarity. Members assert their credibility to gain authority to speak, countering science with personal experience. Highlighting their interconnection with more conventional social groups and venerable social truisms, members generate discourse that legitimates their beliefs.ConclusionsThe process of rumor debunking does not solely involve psychological persuasion but must also account for the social geography of rumor communities and their contributions to the communication environment.
"Why is Cleopatra, a descendent of Alexander the Great, a Ptolemy from a Greek-Macedonian family, in popular imagination an Oriental woman? True, she assumed some aspects of pharaonic imagery in order to rule Egypt, but her Orientalism mostly derives from ancient (Roman) and modern stereotypes: both the Orient and the idea of a woman in power are signs, in the Western tradition, of 'otherness' - and in this sense they can easily overlap and interchange. This volume investigates how ancient women, and particularly powerful women, such as queens and empresses, have been re-imagined in Western (and not only Western) arts; highlights how this re-imagination and re-visualization is, more often than not, the product of Orientalist stereotypes - even when dealing with women who had nothing to do with Eastern regions; and compares these images with examples of Eastern gaze on the same women. Through the chapters in this volume, readers will discover the similarities and differences in the ways in which women in power were and still are described and decried by their opponents."--
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In Messing with the Enemy, the counterterrorism, cybersecurity, and homeland security expert introduces us to a frightening world in which terrorists and cyber criminals don't hack your computer, they hack your mind. Watts reveals how these malefactors use your social media information and that of your family, friends and colleagues to map your social networks, identify your vulnerabilities, master your fears and harness your preferences. Thanks to the schemes engineered by social media manipulators using you and your information, business executives have coughed up millions in fraudulent wire transfers, seemingly good kids have joined the Islamic State, and staunch anti-communist Reagan Republicans have cheered the Russian government's hacking of a Democratic presidential candidate's e-mails. Watts knows how they do it because he's mirrored their methods to understand their intentions, combat their actions, and co-opt their efforts. Watts examines a range of social media platforms--from the first Internet forums to the current titans of Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn--and bad actors--from al-Qaeda to the Islamic State to the Russian social media troll farm--to illuminate exactly how our enemies use Western social media for their nefarious purposes. He explains how he's learned, through his successes and his failures, to engage with hackers, terrorists, and even the Russians--and how these interactions have generated methods for fighting back against those who seek to harm people on the Internet. He concludes with a snapshot of how advances in artificial intelligence will make future influence even more effective and dangerous to social media users and democratic governments worldwide
Trust, distrust and conflict between social groups have existed throughout the history of humankind, although their forms have changed. Using three main concepts: culture, representation and dialogue, this book explores and re-thinks some of these changes in relation to concrete historical and contemporary events. Part I offers a symbolic and historical analysis of trust and distrust while Parts II and III examine trust, distrust and conflict in specific events including the Cyprus conflict, Estonian collective memories, coping with HIV/AIDS in China, Swedish asylum seekers, the Cuban missile crisis and Stalinist confessions. With an impressive array of international contributors the chapters draw on a number of key concepts such as self and other, ingroup and outgroup, contact between groups, categorization, brinkmanship, knowledge, beliefs and myth. Trust and Conflict offers a fresh perspective on the problems that arise from treating trust, distrust and conflict as simplified indicators. Instead, it proposes that human and social sciences can view these phenomena within the complex matrix of interacting perspectives and meta-perspectives that characterise the social world. As such it will be of interest to undergraduates, postgraduates and lecturers of human and social sciences especially social psychology, sociology, political science and communication studies.
