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In having a healthy life, right nutrition with a life style balanced with exercise constitutes and important value. This is mainly important for bodily functions that are provided by organs and systems of the body which is also valid for our digestion and excretion systems. In having a healthy life right nutrition with a life style balanced with exercise constitutes and important value. Digestion is one of the main functions of human metabolism that starts in mouth with mechanical and chemical reactions and ends with the expellsion of digestive residues from the anus, following the large intestine. Many hormones and enzymes have influence in the digestion of carbonhydrates, proteins and fats in the metabolism. With the key and luck structures that enzymes have and with the hormonal homeostasis that the metabolism have processing of different monomer and polimer structures are being handles. After the absorbation of digested food contents in duodenum and small intestine. Digestive residues are expelled from the anus, following the large intestine. If there is a malfunction in some part of the digestive system or characteristics of the food taken some digestive and excretion problems may occur. Some of these most known problems are constipation and hemorrhoids. In this phenemonelogical, single case study, some of the factors that have influence in defecation with development of constipation and hemorrhoids investigated with the aim of enhancing exploratory and confirmatory understanding for medical specialists and society at large.

This article presents an original dataset of direct public funding (DPF) of political parties across 27 post-communist regimes from the outset of transition until 2020. It represents the first systematic, and detailed account of the actual level of DPF provided to parties outside established democracies in terms of geographical and temporal coverage. The dataset has a panel format and includes information on DPF per registered voter and cast ballot separately and in aggregate for more than 800 country-year observations and more than 200 election campaigns. The analysis unveils substantial cross-national and within-country variation in the level of DPF, as well as between statutory and election financing. Despite an increasing reliance of political parties on the state, no pattern exists regarding the dynamics of access and distribution rules. It also highlights the limitations and risks entailed by the extensive use of various proxies such as dichotomous indicators, composite regulatory indexes, or perception-based measures that do not capture cross-national and within-country variation either in DPF or other dimensions of political financing regime.

The paper analyses more than 20 years of evidence on electoral violence as reported by OSCE monitoring mission reports. It identifies prevailing trends of electoral violence in the OSCE participating states in order to better understand how the phenomenon is understood and framed by leading international monitoring organizations in the region. The analysis utilizes a unique approach based on automated content analysis employing counting algorithms and latent semantic indexing. The results of the analysis show how electoral violence differs throughout the region while highlighting the qualitative variations in regional patterns of the reported incidents of election-related violence.