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Our society can no longer be imagined without its modern infrastructure, which is inevitably based on the use of various mineral and metallic materials and requires a high energy consumption. Parallel to the production of materials, as well as the production of electricity, huge amounts of various industrial and mining residues (waste/by-product) are generated and many of them are sent to landfill. The European Union (EU) aims to increase resource efficiency and the supply of "secondary raw materials" through recycling [1], inventory of waste from extractive industries [2], and waste prevention, waste re-use and material recycling [3]. Much of the industrial and mining waste is enriched with aluminium (Al) and therefore has a potential to replace natural sources of Al in mineral binders with a high Al demand. However, the use of industrial residue in mineral binders requires an extensive knowledge of its chemical composition, including potential hazardous components (e.g. mercury), mineral composition, organic content, radioactivity and physical properties (moisture content, density, etc.). This manual addresses the legislative aspects, governing the use of secondary raw materials in construction products, description of the most common Al-containing industrial and mining residue (bauxite deposits, red mud, ferrous slag, ash and some other by products from industry), potentiality for their reutilisation and its economic aspects, potential requirements/barriers for the use of secondary raw materials in the cement industry and a description of belite-sulfoaluminate cements, which are a promising solution for implementing the circular economy through the use of large amounts of landfilled Al-rich industrial residue and mining waste cement clinker raw mixture. This manual was prepared by partners of the RIS-ALiCE project. It provides a popular content, which targets relevant stakeholders as well as the wider society. Moreover, it offers education material for undergraduate, master and PhD students. ; Other links: ...

The purpose of this study was to describe the development of the manufacturing (sub-excavation) related to the exploitation of minerals group C with mineral tax revenue collection group C in 2007-2011, and the factors that influence decision-mineral tax revenue group C in Tuban. This study is a descriptive study with qualitative approach and uses primary data and interviews conducted in the office of Dinas Pendapatan, Pengelolaan Keuangan dan Aset Daerah (DPPAKD) and Dinas Pertambangan dan Energi Kabupaten Tuban. It can be concluded that the manufacturing (sub-excavation) in Tuban has developed over the past five years, from 2007 to 2011 seen from the increasing number of exploitation of raw materials production. Development of the mineral collection of tax revenue group C in Tuban on average each year has increased, from 2007 to 2011. Factors that influence the increase in tax revenue collection of minerals group C is an increasing number of mineral exploitation and changes the central government regulations or local government. Another factor that affects the tax revenue loss is the presence of illegal miners who took part in the exploitation of minerals in group C. Keywords: exploitation mineral group C, mining tax group C, government regulations, illegal miners

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- CONTENTS -- FIGURES -- TABLES -- Abbreviations -- Preface -- 1. Introduction and Overview -- Part I. LINKAGES, AGENCIES AND THE STATE -- 2. Asian Miracles: Lessons for South Africa -- Linkages and agencies -- — Linkages -- — Agencies -- 3. The Role of the State -- The South African state and the state of South Africa -- Part II. THE MINERALS-ENERGY COMPLEX -- 4. The Boundaries of the MEC -- Mining and manufacturing in the South African economy -- The MEC and manufacturing -- The MEC as a system of accumulation -- Appendix A ISIC manufacturing categories -- Appendix B Notes on statistical sources -- 5. Corporate Structure -- Corporate structure and the MEC -- State and private ownership and the MEC -- Large-scale capital and anti-monopoly regulation -- Part III. THE SOUTH AFRICAN FORM OF INDUSTRIALISATION -- 6. The Political Economy of the Inter-War Period -- Hegemony of conflict and compromise -- Industrial intervention -- 7. Post-war Industrialisation -- Eroding disjunctures — the development of Afrikaner capital -- — Afrikaner capital in the 1950s -- — Eroding disjunctures in electricity, coal mining, chemical and fuel industries -- The interpenetration of English and Afrikaner capital in the 1960s -- MEC expansion in the 1970s -- Post-1980 paradoxes of the MEC -- — Paradoxes of the financial sector -- — Paradoxes of the manufacturing sector -- Institutional paradoxes -- 8. Post-war Industrial Policy -- State corporations in the 1950s -- Tariffs as industrial policy -- Decentralisation as industrial policy -- Small-scale industry -- Promoting the MEC — from Reynders onwards -- Industrial policy in the 1980s — the Kleu Report -- Industrial policy into the 1980s — the demise of the BTI -- 9. Debating Industrialisation and Industrial Policy -- Perceptions of industrial performance

"Over the past five hundred years, North Americans have increasingly turned to mining to produce many of their basic social and cultural objects. From cell phones to cars and roadways, metal pots to wall tile and even talcum powder, minerals products have become central to modern North American life. As this process has unfolded, mining has also indelibly shaped the natural world and North Americans' relationship with it. Mountains have been honeycombed, rivers poisoned, and forests leveled. The effects of these environmental transformations have fallen unevenly across North American societies. Mining North America examines these developments. Drawing on the work of scholars from Mexico, the United States, and Canada, this book explores how mining has shaped North America over the last half millennium. It covers an array of minerals and geographies while seeking to draw mining into the core debates that animate North American environmental history generally. Taken together, the authors' contributions make a powerful case for the centrality of mining in forging North American environments and societies"--Provided by publisher

This essay tries to participate in the debate about the extractive hydrocarbon and minerals industries, which in the last years has become an interesting topic for an increasing number of academicians in the social science field as well as for environment and human rights organizations and for the international organizations focused on development. The main point of this paper is that many of the analysis about the political and social implications of the extractive activities can be gathered in three perspectives, and each one of them insists in different dimensions of the phenomenon: the state institutions, the rentier dynamics or the international economic structure. We will analyze the potentials and specially the limitations of all of them and we will insist on the need of an approach that keeps an eye on the special features and concrete historic paths of the production places and also on the transnational dimensions always implied in the processes. ; Este artículo pretende participar en los debate generados en torno a las industrias de extracción de minerales e hidrocarburos, que se han convertido en los últimos tiempos en objeto de interés para un creciente número de académicos en el ámbito de las ciencias sociales, así como para organizaciones de defensa del medio ambiente y de derechos humanos, y para las instituciones internacionales del desarrollo. El argumento principal del trabajo es que muchos de los análisis que se realizan sobre las implicaciones políticas y sociales de las actividades extractivas pueden agruparse en tres perspectivas, cada una de las cuales hace énfasis en dimensiones diferentes del fenómeno: las instituciones del estado, las dinámicas rentistas, o la estructura económica internacional. Se analizarán las potencialidades y especialmente las limitaciones de todas ellas, y se insistirá en la necesidad de un acercamiento que atienda a las particularidades y trayectorias históricas concretas de los lugares de producción, así como a las dimensiones transnacionales que siempre implican estos procesos.

"Today international commodity markets are being affected by the longest and most pervasive 'wave' of export restrictions on raw materials since the Second World War. The origin of this phenomenon can be traced back to the 2000s commodities boom , and its endurance to an exceptional mix of concurring factors affecting patterns of world supply and demand for raw materials. The explosion of attention towards export restraints directly stems from the unique scope and length of the present wave"--

Indigenous and tribal peoples' right to free, prior and informed consent has transformative potential: potential to safeguard a variety of rights specific to indigenous and tribal peoples and potential to transform the power relations between peoples, governments, and extractives companies. Yet, this potential is far from being realized in the countries studied for this report. This gap between intention and reality is no coincidence. The most powerful entities within governments, when it comes to the fate of these issues, are those with the mandates to attract and develop the extractives sectors. It is these entities that are calling the shots on whether and how the state recognizes FPIC. They, in turn, appear to be driven in part by what they perceive to be the interests and preferences of extractives investors (which in the extreme version can resemble a capture dynamic). Within extractives companies, the most influential actors seem to be those whose interests are not well-aligned with the spirit of FPIC, further stacking the odds against recognition and operationalization of FPIC. Fears of projects being delayed, costs increasing or deals collapsing generate disincentives, which are not adequately counterbalanced by incentives for compliance from legal requirements or perceived benefits. As a result, prior consultation processes are being implemented in place of recognizing FPIC and operationalizing FPIC processes. Even these prior consultation processes are carried out in ways that diminish the potential for meaningful indigenous participation in decision-making, clearly skewed toward advancing the interests of powerful actors in government and the private sector. To the extent to which there are some occasional benefits being realized by those being consulted, these consultations tend to typically reflect male perspectives and lead to gendered outcomes.260 Thus, multiple layers of political realities converge to significantly limit the breadth and depth of efforts to advance FPIC and prior consultation processes. There is growing recognition in the broader development fields focusing on governance that politics matters. This report, and the project in which it is situated, was conceived to shed light on the ways that political realities impact the governance of extractive industries in order to offer practical insights, strategies, and tangible guidance for practitioners focused on addressing implementation gaps, which can be explained in no small part by political realities. This project highlights the importance of politics in the context of FPIC specifically, but some lessons drawn from the research are equally applicable to the field of extractives governance more broadly.

"Corporations are among the most powerful institutions of our time, but they are also responsible for a wide range of harmful social and environmental impacts. Consequently, political movements and nongovernmental organizations increasingly contest the risks that corporations pose to people and nature. Mining Capitalism examines the strategies through which corporations manage their relationships with these critics and adversaries. By focusing on the conflict over the Ok Tedi copper and gold mine in Papua New Guinea, Stuart Kirsch tells the story of a slow-moving environmental disaster and the international network of Indigenous peoples, advocacy groups, and lawyers that sought to protect local rivers and rain forests. Along the way, he analyzes how corporations promote their interests by manipulating science and invoking the discourses of sustainability and social responsibility. Based on two decades of anthropological research, this book is comparative in scope, showing readers how similar dynamics operate in other industries around the world"--Provided by publisher