Zlouporaba alkohola među učenicima srednje strukovne škole ; Alcohol abuse among students of vocational high schools
U ovom radu razmatraju se osnovne značajke vezane uz problematiku zlouporabe alkohola kod adolescenata koji pohađaju srednju strukovnu školu. Istraživanje je provedeno među učenicima tijekom veljače - travnja 2008. godine u Školskom centru za strukovna zanimanja grada Viteza (Bosna i Hercegovina), u kojem prema najnovijim podatcima (lipanj 2009.) živi preko 60% hrvatskog stanovništva. Uzorak dobiven slučajnim izborom sastojao se od 200 učenika različitog spola, dobnih skupina, školskog uspjeha i obiteljske situacije. Cilj rada bio je dobiti što cjelovitiju sliku o konzumaciji alkohola među učenicima strukovne škole koja uključuje odgovore na niz pitanja, od količine alkohola koju učenici povremeno ili redovito piju, učestalosti opijanja, do razlika između muškog i ženskog spola, vrste alkohola koji se najčešće konzumira, povezanosti pijenja s školskim uspjehom, obiteljskom situacijom, provođenjem slobodnog vremena i drugo. Korišten je standardizirani anketni upitnik izrađen u svrhu ovog istraživanja. Rezultati su potvrdili postavljenu glavnu hipotezu da učenici srednje strukovne škola značajno konzumiraju alkohol i da se relativno često opijaju. Također, dobiveni su mnogobrojni podatci koji jasno ukazujuna zabrinjavajuće slabu provedbu preventivnih zahvata u suzbijanju zlouporabe alkohola kod mladih jer kod ispitanika nije formiran stav protiv pijenja alkoholnih pića.Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju izrazito zabrinjavajuću sliku konzumacije alkohola od strane učenika i učenica nama susjedne države. Moglo bi se reći da se zlouporaba proširila na gotovo sve učenike i učenice ovog uzrasta. Očito je da se pijenje alkohola, čak i povremeno opijanje, tolerira i drži društveno prihvatljivim ponašanjem mladeži, jer se sankcionira isključivo kad mladi pod utjecajem alkohola učine druga društveno kažnjiva djela. Dobiveni podatci su uspoređeni snekim rezultatima ESPAD istraživanja provedenog u Europskoj uniji i Hrvatskoj 2007. godine koji su pokazali da hrvatska mladež konzumira alkohol iznad europskog prosjeka (od visokog sedmog mjesta 2003. tijekom zadnjih pet godina "popela" se u neslavnu skupinu prvih triju mjesta). Istraživanje provedeno u susjednoj državi pretežno među Hrvatima, ali i učenicima drugih nacionalnosti (Bošnjaci, Srbi) pokazuje da je i među učenicima hrvatske manjine situacija jednako dramatična kao i u Hrvatskoj. Teško je oduprijeti se dojmu da su tranzicijske teškoće na ovim prostorima u svom najgrubljem obliku najviše pogodile mlade. ; In this study we examine the basic characteristics of the problem of alcohol abuse among adolescents attending vocational high school. The study was conducted from February to April 2008, among students of the Vocational High School in the city of Vitez (Bosnia and Herzegovina) in which, according to the newest statistics (June, 2009), more than 60% of the population isCroatian. The random sample consisted of 200 students of both genders and of various age groups, school grades and family situations. The aim of the study was to obtain as complete a picture of alcohol consumption among students of vocational high school as possible, which would include answers to a range of questions, from the amount of alcohol students occasionally or regularly drank, the frequency of drunkenness, to the differences between males and females,the type of alcohol most often consumed, the relationship between drinking and school grades, family situation, leisure time activities and others. A standardized questionnaire made for the purpose of this study was used. The results confirmed the main hypothesis that was made, that students of vocational high school consume a considerable amount of alcohol and get drunk relatively often. Also, a large amount of data was obtained which clearly indicates an alarminglylow success rate for preventive measures to stop the abuse of alcohol among youngsters because the subjects had not formed an opinion against drinking alcoholic beverages.The results obtained paint an extremely worrying picture of alcohol consumption among male and female students in our neighboring country. It could be said that alcohol abuse has spread among almost all students of this age group. It is obvious that drinking alcohol, and even occasional inebriation, is tolerated and viewed as socially acceptable behavior for youngsters, because it is sanctioned exclusively when youngsters under the influence of alcohol perpetrate other socially punishable acts. The data obtained were compared to some results from the ESPAD study conducted in the European Union and Croatia in 2007 which showed that Croatian youngsters were above the European average in alcohol consumption (from a high seventh place in 2003 during the last five years they "climbed" to the infamous group of top three places). The study conducted in our neighboring country mainly among Croatians but also among students of other nationalities (Bosnians, Serbs) shows that the situation among students of the Croatian minority is as dramatic as it is in Croatia. It is hard to resist the impression that the hardships of transition in the region has fallen upon youngsters in its worst form.