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IN 1982 GENERAL BERNARD W. ROGERS, THE SUPREME ALLIED COMMANDER OF EUROPE (SACEUR), PROPOSED A NEW APPROACH FOR THE ATLANTIC ALLIANCE. HE URGED THAT IT BEGIN TO MAKE USE OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN RECONNAISSANCE, TARGET ACQUISITION, AND INTERDICTION IN ORDER TO STRENGTHEN ITS DEFENCES. THE POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION OF THESE NEW TECHNOLOGIES WAS EXPLORED IN THE REPORT OF THE EUROPEAN SECURITY STUDY GROUP (ESECS STUDY), WHICH ENTHUSIASTICALLY CONCLUDED THAT THEY HAD THE POTENTIAL TO REVOLUTIONIZE CONVENTIONAL WARFARE, STRENGTHEN THE CONVENTIONAL CAPABILITIES OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION (NATO) VIS-A-VIS THOSE OF THE WARSAW TREATY ORGANIZATION (WARSAW PACT), AND RAISE THE NUCLEAR THRESHOLD. THUS BEGAN AN IMPORTANT AND CONTINUING DISCUSSION WITHIN THE ALLIANCE ABOUT THE ROLE OF SOCALLED EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES OR ET IN NATO'S DEFENCE-A DEBATE THAT IS NOT YET OVER.

THE AUTHORS ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CANADIAN FOREIGN POLICY UNDER FOREIGN MINISTER LLOYD AXWORTHY. SEVERAL INITIATIVES CHAMPIONED BY AXWORTHY -- ESPECIALLY THE CAMPAIGNS TO BAN ANTI-PERSONNEL LANDMINES, TO CONTROL THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN LIGHT WEAPONS, AND TO PROHIBIT THE USE OF CHILD SOLDIERS IN COMBAT -- HAVE PROVED TO BE EXTREMELY POPULAR WITH THE CANADIAN PEOPLE BECAUSE THEY REFLECT CORE CANADIAN VALUES. MOREOVER, AXWORTHY'S VIGOROUS PERSONAL COMMITMENT TO HUMAN RIGHTS, DISARMAMENT, AND RELATED CAUSES HAS ENERGIZED BOTH HIS DEPARTMENT AND, FREQUENTLY, THE CHRETIEN GOVERNMENT.

MAKING PEACE SETTLEMENTS WORK IS A DIFFICULT CHALLENGE. IN PART, SUCCESS HINGES ON THE QUALITY AND CONTENT OF THE NEGOTIATED AGREEMENT. BUT THERE ARE ALSO USEFUL TACTICS THAT CAN BE USED TO SETTLE CONFLICTS. THESE INCLUDE: USING THIRD PARTIES, SUCH AS THE UNITED NATIONS, TO PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN NURTURING PEACE AND IMPLEMENTING PEACE SETTLEMENTS, POSTPONING ELECTIONS IN SOCIETIES NOT YET PREPARED TO HOLD THEM, MAKING DISARMAMENT AND DEMOBILIZATION A KEY OBJECTIVE, EMPHASIZING ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTION, AND MAINTAINING COHERENT LEADERSHIP DURING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PEACE PROCESS.