Search results

This book clarifies the meaning of the most important and pervasive concepts and tools in bioethical argumentation (principles, values, dignity, rights, duties, deliberation, prudence) and assesses the methodological suitability of the main methods for clinical decision-making and argumentation. The first part of the book is devoted to the most developed or promising approaches regarding bioethical argumentation, namely those based on principles, values and human rights. The authors then continue to deal with the contributions and shortcomings of these approaches and suggest further developments by means of substantive and procedural elements and concepts from practical philosophy, normative systems theory, theory of action, human rights and legal argumentation. Furthermore, new models of biomedical and health care decision-making, which overcome the aforementioned criticism and stress the relevance of the argumentative responsibility, and some legal and institutional reflection on international bioethics committees, are included

This study presents a novel methodology to evaluate the self-healing capability of Ultra High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) designed to compare conventional concrete types. The procedure used combines loading reinforced concrete elements until a fixed strain level to have a comparable total crack opening. Afterwards, water penetration to chlorides is used as an indicator of permeability. This work compares autogenous healing efficiency of a conventional concrete, a high-performance concrete, and two types of UHPFRCs with and without 0.8% of a crystalline admixture (CA) by the binder weight. The results show that all UHPFRC specimens exhibited excellent autogenous healing, higher than conventional concretes for an equivalent total crack. The self-healing results depended greatly on the crack size and the fiber content. Additionally, UHPFRCs with CA obtained the lowest water permeability after promoting self-healing for one month in water immersion and presented almost complete healing against chloride penetration. ; The activity described in this paper has been performed in the framework of the project "Rethinking coastal defence and Green-energy Service infrastructures through enHancEd-durAbiLity high-performance cement-based materials-ReSHEALience", funded by the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under GA No 760824. The authors would also like to thank Sika and Penetron for providing materials for the tests and E.J. Mezquida-Alcaraz for the characterization of UHPFRC mixes with Inverse Analysis.

[EN] Propiolates cyclotrimerize in the presence of catalytic amounts of gold nanoparticles to give aryl benzoates in high yields and with turnover frequencies of thousands per hour. Types of alkynes other than propiolates do not react, and, if molecular oxygen is present and dissociated by the gold nanoparticles, electron-rich arenes engage with the propiolate to form a new C–C bond. The activation of propiolates and electron-rich arenes to form C–C bonds, beyond gold-catalyzed Michael additions, constitutes a new example of how and where gold nanoparticles modify the electronic density of unsaturated C–C bonds and opens the door to future transformations. ; A.L.-P. thanks CSIC for a contract. J.O.-M. thanks ITQ for a postgraduate scholarship. J.R.C.-A. and P.R.-M. thank MECD for the concession of a FPU contract. Financial support by the Severo Ochoa program and Consolider-Ingenio 2010 (proyecto MULTICAT) from MICIINN is acknowledged, and also the King Saud University. P.S. thanks European Union Seventh Framework programme (PIOF-GA-2009-253129). ; Leyva Perez, A.; Oliver Meseguer, J.; Cabrero Antonino, JR.; Rubio Marqués, P.; Serna, P.; Al-Resayes, SI.; Corma Canós, A. (2013). Reactivity of Electron-Deficient Alkynes on Gold Nanoparticles. ACS Catalysis. 3(8):1865-1873. https://doi.org/10.1021/cs400362c ; S ; 1865 ; 1873 ; 3 ; 8

[EN] Modulating the structures of subnanometric metal clusters at the atomic level is a great synthetic and characterization challenge in catalysis. Here, we show how the catalytic properties of subnanometric platinum clusters (0.5-0.6 nm) confined in the sinusoidal 10R channels of purely siliceous MFI zeolite are modulated upon introduction of partially reduced tin species that interact with the noble metal at the metal/support interface. The platinum-tin clusters are stable in H(2)over an extended period of time (>6 h), even at high temperatures (for example, 600 degrees C), which is determined by only a few additional tin atoms added to the platinum clusters. The structural features of platinum-tin clusters, which are not immediately visible by conventional characterization techniques but can be established after combination of in situ extended X-ray absorption fine structure, high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy and CO infrared data, are key to providing a one-order of magnitude lower deactivation rate in the propane dehydrogenation reaction while maintaining high intrinsic (initial) catalytic activity ; This work was supported by the European Union through the European Research Council (grant ERC-AdG-2014-671093, SynCatMatch) and the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Program" (SEV-2016-0683). L.L. thanks the ITQ for providing a contract. The authors also thank the Microscopy Service of the UPV for the TEM and STEM measurements. The XAS measurements were carried out in the CLAESS beamline of the ALBA synchrotron. We thank Giovanni Agostini for his kind support in the analysis of XAS data. HR-HAADF-STEM measurements were performed at DME-UCA at Cadiz University with financial support from FEDER/MINECO (MAT2017-87579-R and MAT2016-81118-P). C.W.L. thanks CAPES (Science without Frontiers -Process no. 13191/13-6) for a predoctoral fellowship. The financial support from ExxonMobil for this project is also greatly acknowledged. ; Liu, L.; Lopez-Haro, M.; Lopes, CW.; ...

628 638 3 8 ; S ; [EN] Modulating the structures of subnanometric metal clusters at the atomic level is a great synthetic and characterization challenge in catalysis. Here, we show how the catalytic properties of subnanometric platinum clusters (0.5-0.6 nm) confined in the sinusoidal 10R channels of purely siliceous MFI zeolite are modulated upon introduction of partially reduced tin species that interact with the noble metal at the metal/support interface. The platinum-tin clusters are stable in H(2)over an extended period of time (>6 h), even at high temperatures (for example, 600 degrees C), which is determined by only a few additional tin atoms added to the platinum clusters. The structural features of platinum-tin clusters, which are not immediately visible by conventional characterization techniques but can be established after combination of in situ extended X-ray absorption fine structure, high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy and CO infrared data, are key to providing a one-order of magnitude lower deactivation rate in the propane dehydrogenation reaction while maintaining high intrinsic (initial) catalytic activity This work was supported by the European Union through the European Research Council (grant ERC-AdG-2014-671093, SynCatMatch) and the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Program" (SEV-2016-0683). L.L. thanks the ITQ for providing a contract. The authors also thank the Microscopy Service of the UPV for the TEM and STEM measurements. The XAS measurements were carried out in the CLAESS beamline of the ALBA synchrotron. We thank Giovanni Agostini for his kind support in the analysis of XAS data. HR-HAADF-STEM measurements were performed at DME-UCA at Cadiz University with financial support from FEDER/MINECO (MAT2017-87579-R and MAT2016-81118-P). C.W.L. thanks CAPES (Science without Frontiers -Process no. 13191/13-6) for a predoctoral fellowship. The financial support from ExxonMobil for this project is also greatly acknowledged. Liu, L.; Lopez-Haro, ...

Current solutions for new concrete constructions in Extremely Aggressive Exposures, as recommended and enforced by design codes, are not taking into account new cement-based construction materials, such as Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete, neither new constituents specifically conceived to improve the concrete durability, because of the lack of standards and technical awareness by most designers and contractors. The H2020 ReSHEALience project will upgrade to the concept of Ultra High Durability Concrete (UHDC), combining nano-scale constituents (nano-cellulose, alumina nanofibers) and self-healing promoters (crystalline admixtures). The paper will present the approach pursued in the project together with a synopsis of the results of ongoing research. ; This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 760824. ; peer-reviewed