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This article shows the development of a French multicentric clinical trial in psychosurgery (i.e. the surgical treatment of mental disorders). On the basis of an ethnographic observation, he described how a group of researchers and clinicians managed to bring about an innovative and viable practice by adapting the technology to scientific and ethical challenges and constraints which made the company more complex and superior. He referred to how a clinical trial could be used as a strategic resource and as a place of creation and reflexivity, adapted locally to the complex situations of its use. Marked and shaped by its development context, this test has given rise to organisational innovation. It has shifted the demonstration challenge linked to the effectiveness of treatment towards the creation of an innovative psychiatry research network. ; International audience ; This article shows the development of a French multicentric clinical trial in psychosurgery (i.e. the surgical treatment of mental disorders). On the basis of an ethnographic observation, he described how a group of researchers and clinicians managed to bring about an innovative and viable practice by adapting the technology to scientific and ethical challenges and constraints which made the company more complex and superior. He referred to how a clinical trial could be used as a strategic resource and as a place of creation and reflexivity, adapted locally to the complex situations of its use. Marked and shaped by its development context, this test has given rise to organisational innovation. It has shifted the demonstration challenge linked to the effectiveness of treatment towards the creation of an innovative psychiatry research network. ; Cet article retrace l'élaboration d'un essai clinique multicentrique français en psychochirurgie (i.e. le traitement chirurgical des troubles mentaux). A partir d'une observation ethnographique, il décrit comment un collectif de chercheurs et cliniciens est parvenu à faire émerger une pratique innovante et ...

1. Introduction -- 2. Mental illness and autonomy -- 3. Autonomy and treatment models of mental illness -- 4. Involuntary hospitalisation and treatment -- 5. Psychotropic medication -- 6. ECT and psychosurgery -- 7. Psychotherapy -- 8. Community care -- 8. Conclusion.

Part one. The asylum era: Mausoleums of the mad -- Disposing of degenerates -- Psychobiology -- Freud visits America -- The germ of madness -- Body and mind -- Shocking the brain -- The checkered career of electroconvulsive therapy -- Brain surgery -- Selling psychosurgery -- The end of the affair -- Part two. Disturbed minds: Creating a new psychiatry -- Talk therapy -- War -- Professional transformations -- A fragile hegemony -- Part three. A psychiatric revolution: The birth of psychopharmacology -- Community care -- Diagnosing mental illness -- The complexities of psychopharmacology -- Genetics, neuroscience, and the origins of mental illness -- The crisis of contemporary psychiatry -- Epilogue: Does psychiatry have a future?