Human Rights: Universality and Diversity

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- GENERAL INTRODUCTION -- PART ONE: Human Rights and the Universality Principle -- I. Universality Concepts -- A. General and World-wide Applicability of Human Rights: All-Inclusiveness -- B. Formal Acceptance -- C. Historical Origin -- D. Formal Origin: Norm Creation -- E. Anthropological or Philosophical Acceptance -- F. Functional Acceptance -- G. Multicultural Composition of Human Rights -- H. World-wide Observance of Human Rights -- I. General Opposability of Human Rights -- J. Human Rights as a Legitimate Concern of the International Community -- K. Absence of Double Standards -- L. Priority of Human Rights -- M. Indivisibility of Human Rights -- N. Uniformity of Standards -- O. Universality in Time -- P. Universality as a Process -- Q. Conclusion -- II. Brief History of the Universality of Human Rights -- A. Before the Universal Declaration of Human Rights -- B. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Subsequent Evolution -- C. Relativism -- PART TWO: An Analysis of Non-Western Human Rights Claims -- I. Introduction -- A. Purpose -- B. Selection of Material -- C. Approach -- II. Asian Human Rights Claims -- A. Introduction -- B. Central Texts and Events -- 1. The Singapore School -- 1.1. Situation -- 1.2. General Discourse -- 1.3. The Economic Argument -- 1.4. The Vulnerability Argument -- 1.5. The Cultural Argument -- 1.6. Good Government -- 2. The Beijing White Papers -- 2.1. "China's Practice of Human Rights -- 2.2. "China's Basic Position on Human Rights -- 3. The Bangkok Declaration and the Vienna Conference -- 3.1. Situation -- 3.2. The Bangkok Declaration -- 3.2.1. Non-controversial Statements -- 3.2.2. Controversial Statements -- 3.3. The Vienna Conference -- 3.3.1. Statements -- 3.3.1.1. Singapore -- 3.3.1.2. Malaysia -- 3.3.1.3. China -- 3.3.1.4. Indonesia.