International protection of investments: the substantive standards

Abstract

"The aim of this book is to describe and explain the investment protection standards typically contained in international investment agreements (IIAs) as applied by investment tribunals. It will provide a basis for analysis, criticism, and argument. In this book we do not offer our own views on how investment standards should be interpreted. Rather, we have collected, analysed and systematized the sometimes heterogeneous, if not contradictory, interpretations reached by various investment tribunals. Thus, this book permits a stocktaking of how tribunals have addressed arguments and interests of parties and stakeholders in the area of investment arbitration. It is neither a critique nor an apology of the existing system"--