Monitoring fiscal adjustments in the European Union and EMU

The international monitoring of public finances in EMU member states is an essential element of the Stability and Growth Pact. Part of evaluating government budgets involves determining the sustainability of the envisaged consolidation measures. The academic and political debate on this topic emphasises various criteria which suggest persistent consolidation efforts. The academic literature stresses the contribution which government consumption and transfer payments make to reducing the deficit. The literature . also indicates a significant reversal in previous trends which had been responsible for expanding the deficit. In its Convergence Report of 1998 and in background studies, the European Commission cited the reduction of primary expenditure as a criterion of sustainability. Although various criteria have been mentioned in the debate, it is important to note that the empirical support for these criteria is based largely on the same data and methods, which are subject to certain shortcomings ...