Aufsatz(gedruckt)1970

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND GOAL SUCCESSION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE NAACP AND CORE, 1964-1968

In: Social science quarterly, Band 51, Heft 1, S. 9-24

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Abstract

An exploration of why, during the middle 1960's, the NAACP & CORE responded so diff'ly to the separatist trends popularly classed under the concept, 'Black Power.' Though their tactics differed, originally both org's had identical goals-full participation of Amer Negroes in an integrated society. While CORE's ideology & goals changed radically, those of the NAACP remained remarkably stable, with the leadership of the latter reaffirming its original position. The byp was that this contrast was a function of the diff org'al structures. The NAACP is a centralized nat'l voluntary org, with basic policymaking in the hands of a strong, bur'ized staff. CORE, on the other hand, was essentially a federation of autonomous groups, with a nat'l office lacking in power & possessed of what can best be described as an 'incipient' bur'cy. Data were obtained from articles in the New York Times, 1960-68, from the archival records of the 2 org's, & from confidential interviews with officials intimately involved with the affairs of the 2 org's during the period under consideration. The conclusions substantiate the hypothesis only in part. CORE's structure did indeed facilitate rapid change, while the elaborate centralized structure of the NAACP served as a brake. Yet, a second variable, the very diff William L. Yancey (Vanderbilt U, Nashville, Tenn) ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES AND ENVIRONMENTS: A SECOND LOOK AT THE NAACP AND CORE-comments that the changes in the NAACP & CORE found by Rudwick & Meier demonstrate a major limitation of the Mosca-Michels model of the 'iron law of oligarchy' (R. Michels, POLITICAL PARTIES, Glencoe: Free Press, 1949). It is suggested that the theoretical model of the Machiavellians or their heuristic strategy focusing on the structure of org's & their controlling mechanisms are inadequate as explanations of org'al change. Mack H. Jones & Alex Willingham (Atlanta U, Ga & Southern U, Baton Rouge, La) THE WHITE CUSTODIANS OF THE BLACK EXPERIENCE: A REPLY TO RUDWICK AND MEIER-criticizes the study by Rudwick & Meier at both the conceptual level & in terms of specifics, with special attention to problems of conceptualization. In particular, a failure to deal with black nat'list tradition is noted. The diff's in the development of the NAACP & CORE can partially be explained by their stand re black nat'lism. Rudwick & Meier also failed to deal with the majority-minority relations or the concept of domination by white people over blacks in their study. This is a serious shortcoming. E. Rudwick & August Meier, NAACP AND CORE: SOME ADDITIONAL THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS-is a reply to the preceding 2 comments, It takes up such factors as the ebb & flow of public sentiment, the effect of success & failure, & certain characteristics of the membership & leaders. CORE, with its relatively exclusive membership, perceived the achievements of the black protest movement as basically tokenism or even failure; while the NAACP's inclusive type of membership was favorably impressed by the gains of Negro Amer's & by the changes in sentiment among white Amer's. While CORE declined in membership & influence, the NAACP, which possessed an articulating leadership, allied itself with influential nonradical elements in Amer society which were working for soc change, & remained an important protest org. Finally, it is held that conceptual inadequacies may be present, but Jones & Willingbnm did not deal with the substance of the study, nor did they question the validity of specific data. Modified AA.

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