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Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Notes on Contributors -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 Overview and Structure of the Book -- Introduction -- Structure of the Book -- References -- Part I Research and Theoretical Perspectives -- Chapter 2 Child Abuse and Neglect: Prevalence and Incidence -- Introduction -- Conceptual and Methodological Challenges -- Who is Missing from the Prevalence Research? -- Cases Known to Services -- Community Prevalence Surveys -- Implications for Practice -- References -- Chapter 3 Child Abuse and Neglect: Ecological Perspectives -- Child Abuse and Neglect: Ecological Perspectives -- Historical Single-Factor Approaches -- Developmental Theories -- The Multi-Factor (Ecological) Model -- Risk and Protective Factors -- Ecological Approaches to Prevention -- Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 4 Fatal Child Maltreatment -- Incidence of Fatal Child Maltreatment -- The Nature of Fatal Child Maltreatment -- Risk Factors for Fatal Child Maltreatment -- Learning from Child Maltreatment Fatalities -- Preventing Child Maltreatment Fatalities -- References -- Chapter 5 Psychological, Economic and Physical Health Consequences of Child Maltreatment -- Psychological Health -- Economic Health -- Physical Health -- Maltreatment Research in Perspective -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6 The Neurobiology and Genetics of Childhood Maltreatment -- The Impact of Maltreatment on Brain Development -- Structural Differences -- Functional Differences -- References -- Chapter 7 Intimate Partner Violence and Child Maltreatment -- Co-occurrence -- Effects on the Child -- Risk Factors -- Implications for Research, Practice and Policy -- Conclusion -- References -- Part II Children's Services and Public Health Approaches to Prevention

AbstractScholars from the recent 'practice turn' in International Relations have urged us to rethink the international realm in terms of practices. The principal exponents of the turn, Emanuel Adler and Vincent Pouliot, have refurbished Pierre Bourdieu's theory of practice to produce their own account of international practices. In a review of the practice turn, Chris Brown has argued that Bourdieu's notion of practice shares basic affinities with Aristotle's concept of praxis. While practice turn scholars may not adhere to a rigid canon of thought, they seem to share an Aristotelian conception of praxis. This reading of the turn to practice, though plausible, captures one part of the story. The central thesis of the present article is that instead of one there are two, distinctive conceptions of practice – Aristotelian and Wittgensteinian – and therefore two distinctive ways in which the character of international practices might be understood. More concretely, the aim is to show that the conception of international practices, rooted in Wittgenstein's view of practices as language-games, can be particularly illuminating to all those who seek to understand international relations.

Since the time when Talcott Parsons pursued the project of one overarching 'general theory of society', the landscape of social theory has vastly changed, and the pluralism and multidimensionality increased tremendously. Today, with so many different approaches in and to social theory, and multiple ways of defining and describing their relationship to and relevance for the social sciences, there has been a growing danger of diversity and pluralism tipping into fragmentation, making the prospect of social scientists and sociologists being able to communicate with the expectation of reaching some kind of understanding, ever less likely. This volume presents alternative trajectories for how to take steps toward achieving a theoretically informed understanding of the present analytical and practical challenges (in terms of social, sociological, and critical theory), and looks beyond pluralism and fragmentation to the kind of roles social theorists may be playing in the future. These essays revisit the issue of common agenda (or lack thereof) in social theory and provide critical overviews by specialists working in social theory, sociological theory, and critical theory.

Summary This article presents the findings of a narrative synthesis of literature published between January 2000 and September 2013 exploring the organisation of adult safeguarding services in England. The review sought to identify the characteristics of safeguarding practice, which may be important for local authorities to consider when choosing between models of organisation. Findings The findings suggest that the development of adult safeguarding policy and practice has prompted local authorities to develop specialist safeguarding roles. The implications of specialism have not been extensively explored. However, several important characteristics of safeguarding practice are identifiable from the literature including specialism within the organisation of adult safeguarding; decision-making and thresholds for safeguarding response; and multi-agency working. Applications The review found limited evidence relating to the organisation of adult safeguarding, which suggests that further empirical research is needed. The critical features of safeguarding practice identified here comprise a useful starting point from which to explore the implications of different 'models' of safeguarding organisation.

Summary The article describes an evaluation of New Zealand's Youth Justice Family Group Conference process from the perspectives of Youth Justice Co-ordinators. The study aimed to understand the development of practice, to identify factors constituting best practice and areas of process weakness. Data was obtained from semi-structured interviews with Youth Justice Co-ordinators ( n = 19) with at least 12 years' experience (Project One) and four broader focus groups ( n = 27) (Project Two). Findings The Youth Justice Family Group Conference process was reported by participants to be effective for the majority of young people, but inadequate for recidivist, high-risk offenders. Best practice included: aligned professional approaches to conference philosophy and practice, service delivery by trained Youth Justice Co-ordinators, conference preparation quality, victim inclusion, and determining a strengths-based personalised plan for the young person. Several process weaknesses were identified. Applications Recommendations for process improvement included: addressing Co-ordinator training and service leadership, reviewing the process for recidivists, enhancing professional collaboration and Police training.

Abstract:Shockwaves echoed through the media and the arts community when the Delaware Art Museum chose to deaccession pieces from its collection and when the public learned that the Detroit Institute of Arts might be forced to do the same. Further concern arose when financial troubles compelled the Corcoran Gallery of Art to merge with the National Gallery of Art and George Washington University. An examination of the climate and legal battles surrounding these events shows how these institutions chose to cope with the financial adversity that put their collections at risk and illustrates the precarious position of works in a museum's collection when that museum experiences financial distress. This article explores the ethical, judicial, and legislative frameworks currently governing deaccessioning and ultimately advocates for new legislative solutions to guide the deaccession process in order to provide the opportunity to maintain these works in the public sphere.

Abstract  This is one of the first studies on causes and correlates of life satisfaction among Japanese, based on the theoretical framework of Thibaut and Kelley (1959) on satisfaction and a nationally representative sample of Japanese adults. Emphasized are the effects of such demographic variables as gender, marital status, age, and work‐related characteristics on life satisfaction. It is found that Japanese women are more satisfied with their lives than are men on the average. This difference is not explained by the gender difference in employment statuses. When examined for each employment status category, women still show higher life satisfaction than men on the average, except those employed full‐time.While widowed women show lower life satisfaction, never‐married and divorced men show the same pattern. The detrimental effect of divorce on life satisfaction among women disappears when economic circumstances variables are controlled for. Age is found to be strongly related to life satisfaction, particularly among men. A non‐linear effect of age indicates both family responsibility and job responsibility decrease life satisfaction for Japanese men and women.The theoretical framework presented in American literature on the subject is largely supported in the present analysis with Japanese data. Rather than absolute levels of economic and/or social indicators, the salience each person places on them is found to be critical for life satisfaction. Given the cognitive definition of satisfaction adopted here which emphasizes comparisons, these results indicate the validity of this theoretical perspective.

'Trotz enormer Fortschritte in der Kinderheilkunde sterben in Deutschland krankheitsbedingt jährlich ca. 3.000 Kinder und Jugendliche bis zum 20. Lebensjahr, etwa 60% davon bereits im ersten Lebensjahr. Die angemessene Vorgehensweise am Lebensende - auch in der Pädiatrie -, so die These, ist oft das liebevolle Unterlassen. Vor dem Hintergrund der Entwicklung der allgemeinen und der erst in den 1980er Jahren begonnenen pädiatrischen Palliativmedizin stellt der Beitrag Fallbeispiele aus der klinischen Praxis eines Universitätsklinikums vor. Dabei werden die Mechanismen für die von Medizinern, Patienten und Angehörigen zu treffenden Entscheidungen am Lebensende herausgearbeitet und zugleich die notwendigen Grenzen kinderpalliativmedizinischer Versorgung verdeutlicht.' (Autorenreferat)

The Cameroonian educational system, to a point in its history, decided to enroll ICT, it means it considers an innovation or practices that are often already quite widespread in society. It was introduced to meet the needs that seem to be his. But for teachers to integrate these technologies into their practices, they need to have a clear perception of their roles. How to establish the preconditions that support the operation of the system as a whole ? How can these actors acquire the skills necessary to implement new practices ? The main issue of teachers' practices in Cameroon with ICT, has guided us throughout this research. Three tools of data collection have been combined in this exploratory study conducted among 519 students, 258 students, using questionnaires and interviews with 18 respondents. Analysis of data collected allowed us to obtain a historical and sociological findings that ICT in education in Cameroon have had three main periods : the period before 1990, that between 1990 and 2000 and Finally, from 2000 to today. These periods correspond to three political speeches on education and development in Cameroon The 2000s particularly attracted our attention because it was then that ICT has been extended more widely in the educational system of Cameroon. From our concern about public policy and technopedagogical devices, we concluded that there are many ICT policy makers with multiple visions of ICTs but little action followed. It was also noted that there were few ways for those Managers. We noted the establishment of public/private partnerships and the central role of cooperation with the North in the integration of ICT. For teachers and learners, they are mostly poor practices of ICT, related to models dominated by computer literacy that are developped. Some models of ICT integration in education are especially visible in distance education. Now it seems worthwhile to further research to analyze the role of different types of partnerships, particularly in the context of the Francophonie for the ...

PurposeOrganizational process improvement plays an important role for sustaining business in a competitive environment. Therefore, enterprise leaders are increasingly prone to adopt business process improvement (BPI) practices. However, organizations are unable to implement formal and reusable solutions, representing a gap between academic research and practical use. In addition, companies adopt discipline-dependent solutions, lacking BPI representations of best practices applicable to all organizational divisions. This paper aims to propose some constructs on top of the Quintessence kernel for representing the practice systematic development of the BPI in the BPI lifecycle and we conduct two case studies in a multinational company.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative research design was adopted for recognizing gaps in previous approaches and identifying best BPI practices. Subsequently, characterization of practices and activities are represented based on a unified definition model and the Quintessence kernel. Finally, two case studies are developed for applying the solution.FindingsThe formal representation is applicable to multiple disciplines in organizational environments. Besides, the sub-alphas (abstract level progress health attribute) states and the work products resulting from each activity completion criteria evidence the health and progress accomplished during the practice execution.Originality/valueThe practice representation serves as a formal, graphical, reusable and multidiscipline guide compiling activities and tasks for systematically developing BPI during the radical/incremental improvement lifecycle.

PurposeGrounded in the Social Exchange theory, this study focuses on the perception of digital leadership and innovative work behaviors. It also examines the complex effects of leader-member exchange, learning orientation, and innovation capabilities.Design/methodology/approachWe undertake a quantitative approach using a two-wave longitudinal field survey of 440 employees and managers from various backgrounds working in the automobile industry in France.FindingsThe findings based on Structural Equation Modeling reveal that the perception of digital leadership leads to innovative work behavior while leader-member exchange moderates between the perception of digital leadership and learning orientation. The findings also support the mediating roles of learning orientation and innovation capabilities.Originality/valueThe study contributes important policy suggestions, raises queries for additional investigation, and suggests theoretical and practical implications for leadership and organizational environmental factors to foster innovative work behaviors in organizations.

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the emergence and nature of impact investment in Australia and how it is shaping the development of the social enterprise sector.Design/methodology/approachImpact investment is an emerging approach to financing social enterprises that aims to achieve blended value by delivering both impact and financial returns. In seeking to deliver blended value, impact investment combines potentially conflicted logics from investment, philanthropy and government spending. This paper utilizes institutional theory as a lens to understand the nature of these competing logics in impact investment. The paper adopts a sequential exploratory mixed methods approach to study the emergence of impact investment in Australia. The mixed methods include 18 qualitative interviews with impact investors in the Australian market and a subsequent online questionnaire on characteristics of impact investment products, activity and performance.FindingsThe findings provide empirical evidence of the rapid growth in impact investment in Australia. The analysis reveals the nature of institutional complexity in impact investment and highlights the risk that the impact logic may become overshadowed by the investment logic if the difference in rigor around financial performance measurement and impact performance measurement is maintained. The paper discusses the implications of these findings for the development of the Australian social enterprise sector.Originality/valueThis paper provides empirical evidence on the emergence of impact investment in Australia and contributes to a growing global body of evidence about the nature, size and characteristics of impact investment.