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This book examines budgeting by analyzing the local government budget as a complex system, thus adding a new dimension to traditional budget textbooks. It is designed to complement existing textsnot replaceby putting the budget in a complex system, general equilibrium framework. A complex systems framework adds to conventional budget analysis in at least four ways: It looks at the budget as the result of many variables that are outside the finance departments purview; it understands that there are multiple interdependences among these variables; it suggests analysis of non-obvious relationships among actions in the budget process in order to optimize results; and it argues that the actors in the process must understand that their budgetary behaviors have indirect and far-reaching implications that go beyond the budget document. Jeffrey Chapman joined the ASU faculty in 1999 as the Director of the School of Public Affairs after 26 years at the University of Southern California. After four years as Director, he was appointed as Interim Dean of the College of Public Programs. Chapman retired as an Emeritus Foundation Professor of Applied Public Finance in 2013. He is a member of the Arizona Economic Round Table and is on the Board of Directors of the Grand Canyon Institute. In 2017, the Association of Budgeting and Financial Management awarded him the Aaron Wildavsky lifetime achievement award for public budgeting and finance.

This Handbook is a comprehensive anthology of up-to-date chapters contributed by current researchers in budget forecasting. Editors Daniel Williams and Thad Calabrese had previously found substantial deficiencies in public budgeting forecast literature with current research failing to address such matters as practices related to forecasting expenditure factors, the consequences of forecast bias, or empirical examination of the effectiveness of many deterministic methods actually used by many governments. This volume comprehensively addresses the state of knowledge about budget forecasting for practitioners, academics, and students and serves as a comprehensive resource for instruction alongside serving as a reference book for those engaged in budget forecasting practice.

This study analyses the dynamic, evolving process of change in South Africa and cautions against simplistic answers. Stressing that South Africa today is the legacy of the colonial and apartheid era, the report points to the linkage of the global East-West conflict to domestic policies and politics as well as to the historical development of a North-South reality within South Africa. An account of the negotiation process that led to South Africa's first democratic election in 1994 is followed by an examination of the challenges facing South Africa's new democracy, notably addressing the legacies of apartheid and the liberation struggle, as well as the normalisation of political discourse. The report concludes with an assessment of the effect upon local NGOs of the international support for the new government of South Africa. The author of this report is Executive Director of the Ecumenical Foundation of South Africa (EFSA). (DÜI-Phl)

Homer, orphism, Eleusinian mysteries -- Plato, Aristotle -- Stoicism. Neoplatonism -- Eastern mysteries. early Christianity -- Gnostics. Clement, Origen -- Gregory of Nyssa. Macarius. Pseudo-Dionysius -- Augustine -- Summary of Greek philosophic influences -- Thomas Aquinas -- Christian mystics. the modern period

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 42, No. 468, 1987: 687-694.