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AbstractBandura's research and theory on the mechanisms of moral disengagement demonstrate the various ways that persons distance themselves from their mistreatment of others to avoid or circumvent ethical constraints that should and otherwise would govern their behavior. This article examines the serious problem of prisoner abuse through the lens of moral disengagement theory to understand in part why such abuse occurs and persists. This application of moral disengagement theory underscores the importance of addressing these social psychological dynamics in any program of prison reform and the need for further research in a setting that traditionally has resisted in‐depth empirical examination.

Introduction --The Constitution and the administrative state --Statutory constraints on agency procedure --Scope of review of agency action --Constitutional constraints on agency procedure --Timing and availability of judicial review --Appendix A.The Constitution of the United States --Appendix B.The Administrative Procedure Act --Appendix C.Government records and meetings --Appendix D.Executive orders.

A concise overview of the different facets of this branch of public law. From judicial review to ombudsmen, and from ultra vires to natural justice, discover how law governs the activities of the government's administrative agencies. Helping to orientate you within the subject with an introduction and explanations of the doctrines of the constitution and the structure of the government, before moving on to how administrative law is currently practiced in Scotland. End-of-chapter summaries of Essential Facts and Essential Cases will help you to learn and revise the key points

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to compare two scandals related to the care of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD) in the USA and the UK.


Design/methodology/approach
– A descriptive case study methodology was used to conduct an in-depth qualitative analysis of the two scandals to examine the process of scandal development, and to survey the policy response against policy trends and theories of abuse in each case. The two cases were systematically analysed against a theoretical framework derived from Bonnie and Wallace (2003) theoretical framework for understanding abuse based on its sociocultural context, the social embeddedness of organisations providing care, and the individual level characteristics and interactions of subjects and carers.


Findings
– In both cases the process of scandal construction was comparable, and each case offered confirmatory support to extant theories of abuse, and to wider policy trends within I/DD.


Research limitations/implications
– The study examines only the short-term policy responses to the scandals in two countries, based on published material only.


Originality/value
– This paper contributes an international comparison of the similarities and differences in the social construction of scandal and the policy responses to abuse and neglect of a vulnerable population using systematic analytical frameworks.

The terms "substance abuse" and "violence" conjure up dramatic and menacing images. On the production and distribution side, we think in terms of Afghan warlords controlling 90 per cent of the world's heroin and Columbian drugs cartels fighting each other for market share. On the consumption side, we think of the crack-head or the junky literally incapable of reason, but nonetheless heavily involved in opportunistic and predatory street crime to secure the next fix. These images of drug abuse and violence are inextricably linked in the popular imagination, and the media distorts and presents an over-simplified account of reality of the "common enemy"; that is the international organized criminal, the street-level pusher and the off-his-head drug user. ; N/A

Published also as thesis (Ph.D.) Columbia university, 1927. ; Mode of access: Internet.