Suchergebnisse

This dissertation proposes a new reading of the work of Gérard de Nerval (1808-1855), placing him alongside Walter Benjamin's Baudelaire as an insightful critic of modern life. During the 1840s and 1850s, the literary field in France was increasingly shaped by bourgeois values like sincerity, originality, and authenticity, and by the individualism that they underpinned, restricting authorized forms of writing and of subjectivity. I argue that Nerval's writing constitutes an astute opposition to this transformation of literary subjectivity and the limitations it placed on imaginative experience and practice. Rather than merely reflecting the author's own psychological crises (as is usually claimed), Nerval's writings strategically reinvent the literary text as a site of new forms of collective imaginative practice.By considering Nerval's work as a journalist, playwright, critic, and travel writer, as well as a poet, I draw out Nerval's engagements with specific institutions and discourses, from censorship and intellectual property law to the national philosophy curriculum and literary criticism journals. From these local engagements emerges a shrewd critical voice that speaks directly and explicitly to the influence of bourgeois culture on the literary field. I argue that, though he is traditionally read as a figure of Romantic isolation and eccentricity, Nerval should rather be understood in relation to figures like George Sand and Maurice Barrès, writers who advocated a renewal of communal ties (albeit from very different political perspectives). Unlike these contemporaries, however, Nerval approaches community as a formal challenge, as well as a theme. He explodes the framework of the individual writing subject through, for example, a pervasive intertertextuality that constantly relates his texts to other writing and reading experiences. My project thus rejoins the critical tradition that emphasizes the failure to coincide with oneself as the essential feature of Nerval's writing practice. However, I give this "failure" a productive and strategic value rather than the tragic valence attributed to it by psychoanalytic readings, be they psycho-biographical or post-structuralist. The mobility and porousness of the Nervalian writing subject are a formal innovation that generates a literature of community rather than self-expression.

Spectacular Subjects engages with the campaigns of three activists who inserted themselves into the nineteenth century American public sphere to combat forces of exploitation and disfranchisement in the communities they came to represent. The project is divided into three chapters, which correspond to the figures profiled : Ida B. Wells, an African American anti-lynching crusader; Sarah Winnemucca, a Native American advocate for reservation reform; and Wong Chin Foo, a Chinese American journalist for citizenship rights. During the last three decades of the nineteenth century, these subjects published editorials, spoke at live events, testified in courts, appeared at fairs and exhibitions, and sat for portraits and photographs, participating in an array of cultural production over their careers. Throughout this project, I show how Wells, Wong, and Winnemucca appropriated technologies of representation across diverse textual forms to craft their public subjectivities and further their political goals. I find that these activists were savvy rhetoricians who understood how they would be seen in the public sphere, and who constructed their public images at times to conform to and at other times to challenge dominant ideologies about how they should appear. This project extends beyond prior scholarship about Wells, Winnemucca, and Wong, to consider performed, written, and visual texts, produced by and about each activist. Through an interdisciplinary analysis of newspaper articles, photographs, pamphlets, literature, and lectures (including rare archival material), I reveal how these texts worked together in the rhetorical valences of each activist's campaign and in the constitution of each one's public subjectivity. This dissertation is situated at the intersections of American literary, visual and performance studies. Rather than a comparative analysis, this is a relational study that addresses inquiries larger in scope than three individuals' campaigns : I use the campaigns as sites through which to theorize the formation of public subjectivity and the rhetorical contours of the public sphere. I find that the parallels in the campaigns of these activists shed light on the possibilities and limitations that subjects like them experienced in movements for national reform, and reveal the astounding intricacies of race and rhetoric in American public cultures during this era

La presencialidad obligatoria en Educación Superior y el creciente número de estudiantes con compromisos familiares justifican la necesidad de conocer las opiniones del alumnado con respecto a la conciliación estudiantil-familiar en el contexto universitario. Se adopta una metodología cualitativa mediante narrativas. Participan de la investigación 27 estudiantes de la Universitat de València y 46 de la Universidad de Alicante, del Grado en Maestro de Educación Primaria. Los resultados evidencian limitaciones, dificultades y demandas ante las nuevas exigencias metodológicas y evaluativas, si se tienen cargas familiares. Se concluye con propuestas académicas, legislativas y de implementación de recursos que faciliten la conciliación estudiantil-familiar. ; Abstract: The existence of compulsory Higher Education and the growing number of students with family commitments justifies the need to understand students' opinions with regard to family-student balance in University environments. We adopted a qualitative methodology using narratives. Twenty-seven Graduate students in Primary Education from Valencia University and forty-six students from Alicante University participated in the research. As a result of the new methodological and assessment requirements, the results demonstrated that there were further limi-tations, difficulties and demands if family commitments were present. To conclude, academic, legislative, and resource-implementation proposals are made aimed at facilitating family-student balance. ; Résumé: La présence obligatoire en classe à l'université et le nombre croissant d'étudiants ayant des responsabilités familiales justifient le besoin de connaître les opinions des étudiants sur l'équilibre entre la vie familiale et la vie d'étudiant dans le contexte universitaire. Nous avons adopté une méthodologie qualitative utilisant le récit des élèves. La recherche a impliqué 27 étudiants de l'Université de Valence et 46 de l'Université d'Alicante appartenant aux études de Professeurs des Écoles d'éducation primaire. Les résultats montrent les contraintes, les problèmes et les plaintes autour des nouvelles exigences méthodologiques et d'évaluation, s'ils ont de la famille à charge. Nous concluons avec la proposition de mesures académiques, législatives et de la mise en oeuvre des ressources qui puissent faciliter la conciliation étudiant-famille.

The Catalan tongue is a Roman language coming from the popular Latin previously spoken in the land of Roussillon and Catalonia. It is the day to day language of about 7 million people today, and it is the center of a very ancient and huge literature which first texts dated from the XIth century. An official language of Catalonia since 1716, Catalan has been forbidden by General Franco in 1939 and remained privately or secretly spoken until the democratic transition in Spain, when it came back to official use. For the last few years, the Catalan language has become the center of the Catalan nationalism, which could lead Catalonia to independence. Language, law and politics are tightly connected in this matter, even if the link between them is not easy to understand precisely. ; Langue romane parlée par plus de 7 millions de personnes dans le monde, le catalan est un idiome historiquement issu de la continuation autochtone du latin vernaculaire en usage en Roussillon et en Catalogne. De par sa relative stabilité, ainsi que la toponymie et la phonétique le démontrent, il est le support d'une littérature très ancienne qui remonte au XIème siècle et prolifère aujourd'hui. Son aire locutoire contemporaine s'étend, au-delà de la Catalogne proprement dite, à une partie de l'Aragon, à la région de Valence et aux Baléares. Langue officielle jusqu'en 1716 sur ce territoire, et co-officielle entre 1931 et 1939, le catalan a été interdit en 1939 par une ordonnance du Général Franco. Sous le régime franquiste, le matériel d'impression des éditeurs catalanistes fut ainsi confisqué, le dictionnaire de référence saisi, la censure instaurée, et nombre de livres détruits. Mais avec le retour de la démocratie, la Catalogne a obtenu un statut de co-officialité pour le catalan, et a engagé un programme de revitalisation, fondé notamment sur l'enseignement primaire immersif dans la langue. Depuis une dizaine d'années, le statut de la langue fait l'objet d'un contentieux devant les tribunaux, et alimente une partie du discours ...

Abstract.Concern about the environment has grown around the world. Important work has assessed the correlates of support for the environment and its relationship to values (for example, Inglehart, 1995). Recent comparative work on political party positioning demonstrates how the issue has increasingly taken on a left–right dimension (Dalton, 2009). Filling a void in the literature, this paper explores how and whether the environmental issue has been incorporated into the ideological space of Canadian citizens and reflected in the views of the major political parties outside of Quebec. In particular, we first consider the extent to which the environment is a left–right issue in the minds of Canadian citizens. We follow this by assessing the effect of environmental concern on citizens' views of political parties and whether this issue tends to operate as a positional or valence issue in differentiating political parties. We use the Canadian Election Studies from 2000–2006 to address these research questions empirically.Résumé.L'intérêt pour la protection de l'environnement s'est intensifié autour du monde. Des recherches ont été menées sur la corrélation entre l'idéologie et la protection de l'environnement (par exemple, Inglehart 1995). Une étude récente sur le positionnement des partis politiques en matière d'environnement démontre que la question prend de plus en plus une dimension gauche–droite (Dalton 2009). Dans le but de combler un manque dans la littérature, cet article tente d'établir dans quelle mesure l'environnement a effectivement été intégré dans l'espace idéologique des citoyens canadiens et se reflète dans l'opinion sur les principaux partis politiques à l'extérieur du Québec. Nous examinons d'abord jusqu'à quel point l'environnement est considéré par les Canadiens comme un enjeu politique de gauche ou de droite. Nous évaluons ensuite l'effet de cet intérêt pour l'environnement sur l'opinion des citoyens canadiens à l'égard des partis politiques en vue de déterminer s'il s'agit là d'un enjeu de valeur ou d'un enjeu positionnel dans les choix politiques et électoraux. Nous appuyons empiriquement notre étude sur les données de l'Étude électorale canadienne de 2000 à 2006.

International audience ; This article's main objective is to study the institutional politics developed around the memory of the Civil War in the city of Bilbao. Our work is an attempt to develop an «archaeology of memory» which will allow us to study in a chronological fashion the traces left by these politics in the urban spaces of Bilbao, from the erection of the statute of General Mola in June 1937 to the construction of the memorial monument in honor of the victims of Frankism. These case studies also include references to the evolution of this memory in the symbolic villages of Burgos and Valence, in order to offer a comparative view of three key capitals of the 1936 conflict. ; Este artículo tiene como objetivo prioritario estudiar las políticas institucionales desplegadas en torno a la memoria de la Guerra Civil en la ciudad de Bilbao. Nuestro trabajo es una tentativa de realizar una «arqueología de la memoria» que nos permita estudiar de forma cronológica la impronta de dichas políticas en el espacio urbano bilbaíno en diferentes momentos históricos : desde la erección de la estatua de Mola en el Arenal bilbaíno en junio de 1937 en el momento de la entrada de las tropas franquistas hasta la reciente inauguración del monumento en homenaje a las víctimas del franquismo. Este estudio de caso se completa con referencias puntuales a la evolución de esta memoria en las simbólicas ciudades de Burgos y de Valencia con el objetivo de ofrecer así una mirada comparativa sobre tres capitales claves del conflicto del 36. ; Cet article a comme objectif prioritaire d'étudier les politiques institutionnelles développées autour de la mémoire de la Guerre Civile dans la ville de Bilbao. Notre travail est une tentative de réaliser une « archéologie de la mémoire » qui nous permette d'étudier de forme chronologique l'empreinte laissées par ces politiques dans l'espace urbain de Bilbao, depuis l'érection de la statue du général Mola en juin de 1937 au moment de l'entrée des troupes franquistes dans la ville jusqu'à ...

International audience ; This article's main objective is to study the institutional politics developed around the memory of the Civil War in the city of Bilbao. Our work is an attempt to develop an «archaeology of memory» which will allow us to study in a chronological fashion the traces left by these politics in the urban spaces of Bilbao, from the erection of the statute of General Mola in June 1937 to the construction of the memorial monument in honor of the victims of Frankism. These case studies also include references to the evolution of this memory in the symbolic villages of Burgos and Valence, in order to offer a comparative view of three key capitals of the 1936 conflict. ; Este artículo tiene como objetivo prioritario estudiar las políticas institucionales desplegadas en torno a la memoria de la Guerra Civil en la ciudad de Bilbao. Nuestro trabajo es una tentativa de realizar una «arqueología de la memoria» que nos permita estudiar de forma cronológica la impronta de dichas políticas en el espacio urbano bilbaíno en diferentes momentos históricos : desde la erección de la estatua de Mola en el Arenal bilbaíno en junio de 1937 en el momento de la entrada de las tropas franquistas hasta la reciente inauguración del monumento en homenaje a las víctimas del franquismo. Este estudio de caso se completa con referencias puntuales a la evolución de esta memoria en las simbólicas ciudades de Burgos y de Valencia con el objetivo de ofrecer así una mirada comparativa sobre tres capitales claves del conflicto del 36. ; Cet article a comme objectif prioritaire d'étudier les politiques institutionnelles développées autour de la mémoire de la Guerre Civile dans la ville de Bilbao. Notre travail est une tentative de réaliser une « archéologie de la mémoire » qui nous permette d'étudier de forme chronologique l'empreinte laissées par ces politiques dans l'espace urbain de Bilbao, depuis l'érection de la statue du général Mola en juin de 1937 au moment de l'entrée des troupes franquistes dans la ville jusqu'à ...

The most important variable in a decision making situation is the role of information. On the strength of information received, choice between competing alternatives is made. One decision making situation that receives intense scrutiny, and is a subject of much debate is the passage of bills into laws. Legislative decisions are arrived at in a highly charged political environment. This paper explores the role of information and informants in the legislators' institutional and environmental arena, and the personal characteristics of the legislators that influence the decision making process. The proceedings of the 89th Illinois General Assembly was observed and the data analyzed from the perspective of the legislators and lobbyists. The study reveals that the structural aspects of the legislative environment play a significant factor in influencing the lawmakers' decisions. Legislators rely most on insider sources of information with peer influence playing the most important role. Legislators turn to colleagues, specifically, committee members for knowledgeable and trusted information. Legislators select information that is congruent with their experiences, belief system and attitudes. Personal attributes together with colleagues who validate those ideologies held by the legislator, thus, becomes the contributing factor in influencing legislative strategies. Politically relevant information, that is information received from constituents, media, and leadership is also utilized. These agents have the power to influence the political goals of the elected officials. Source valence is, therefore, relatively high in the legislative environment. Policy information is not extensively sought by the legislators as the credibility of the source is transferred to the message. Lobbyists, however, have a personal stake in the passage of a particular piece of legislation. They seek and provide thorough information. Lobbyists view themselves as an influencing force promoting legislation, while lawmakers view lobbyists as only informational providers. Decision making in the legislative environment is a complex activity. The flow of information is multidirectional, and the manner in which legislators make decisions is conditional on the individual legislator's personal attributes, the institutional characteristics, and the environmental factors.

The kingdom of Murcia, after its final incorporation to the Casti­lian crown in 1266 as well as the loss of part of its coastal territory in 1304-1305, incorporated with some difficulties to the Mediterranean activi­tes that Alfonso X had searched through the ports of Cartagena and Alican­te. During the XIV Century it was only circumstancially included into the routes of the big houses of Italian merchants, and just with the conjunction of the progressive weakness of Granada and the exporting interests of wool and seed of the big proprietors, allowed, since the end of XIV Century and with difficulties, the implantation of some houses with a certain stability, in constant relation with the sevillian market and valencian banking and crafts­manship. In a little more time than a century, five Genoese families directed the exportation of raw materials and the importation of luxury elabora­ted products as a monopoly system, that, along with the monetary policies, were the key factors of both stability and instability of the market. ; Le royaume de Murcie, après son incorporation définitive à la Cou­ronne de Castille en 1266 et la perte d'une partie de son territoire côtier en 1304-1305, participa avec difficulté aux activités méditerranéennes que le roi Alphonse X avait cherché à travers les ports de Carthagène et d'Alican­te. Pendant le XIVe siècle il ne fut inclus que circonstanciellement dans les routes des grandes maisons de marchands italiens, et seule la conjonction de la faiblesse progressive de Grenade et les intérêts d'exportation de laines et grains des grands propiétaires permit à partir la fin du XIVe siècle et avec des difficultés, l'implantation de quelques maisons avec un certain degré de stabilité, en une constante relation avec le marché sévillan et la banque et l'artisanat de Valence. Cinq familles génoises en un peu plus d'un siècle canalisèrent l'exportation des matières premières et l'importa­tion des produits élaborés et de luxe en régime de monopole, qui, à côté des politiques monétaires, furent les facteurs fondamentaux de la stabilité, ou de l'instabilité, du marché.

We form very rapid personality impressions about speakers on hearing a single word. This implies that the acoustical properties of the voice (e.g., pitch) are very powerful cues when forming social impressions. Here, we aimed to explore how personality impressions for brief social utterances transfer across languages and whether acoustical properties play a similar role in driving personality impressions. Additionally, we examined whether evaluations are similar in the native and a foreign language of the listener. In two experiments we asked Spanish listeners to evaluate personality traits from different instances of the Spanish word "Hola" (Experiment 1) and the English word "Hello" (Experiment 2), native and foreign language respectively. The results revealed that listeners across languages form very similar personality impressions irrespective of whether the voices belong to the native or the foreign language of the listener. A social voice space was summarized by two main personality traits, one emphasizing valence (e.g., trust) and the other strength (e.g., dominance). Conversely, the acoustical properties that listeners pay attention to when judging other's personality vary across languages. These results provide evidence that social voice perception contains certain elements invariant across cultures/languages, while others are modulated by the cultural/linguistic background of the listener. ; This study was funded by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI, National Research Agency) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER, European Regional Development Fund) under projects PSI2017- 84539-P and PSI2014-52181-P, the Catalan Government (2017 SGR 268), and the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no. 613465 - AThEME. CB was supported by the People Program (Marie Curie Actions, FP7-PEOPLE 2014–2016) under REA agreement n°623845 and now is supported by the Beatriu de Pinòs program (AGAUR, BP00381). PB was supported by supported by grant AJE201214 from French Foundation for Medical Research, and grants ANR-16-CONV-0002 (Institute of Language, Communication and the Brain), ANR-11-LABX-0036 (Brain and Language Research Institute) and the Excellence Initiative of Aix-Marseille University (A*MIDEX).

"This book explores the hundred-year history of the relationships between Japanese media and social subjects through an analysis of the connections between cinema audiences and five significant discursive terms in the Japanese language: minshū (the people), kokumin (the national populace), tōa minzoku (the East Asian race), taishū (the masses), and shimin (citizens). Roughly speaking, as far as their relations with cinema are concerned, the term "the people" circulated from the 1910s through the 1920s, "the national populace" from the 1930s through the 2010s and even to the present day, "the East Asian race" from the late 1930s up to the mid-1940s, "the masses" from the late 1920s to the present, and "citizens" from the 1960s through the present. The overlap between the terms indicates that the history of Japanese social subjects has unfolded not in a linear, but in a multilayered manner. Each period has also been bound up with various political and economic issues which have impacted on that very history. These include the presence of capitalism, total war, imperialism, democracy, social movements, post-Fordism, neoliberalism, the network society, and the risk society. In each context, such terms as "the people," "the national populace," "the East Asian race," "the masses," and "the citizens" have not necessarily been deployed in terms of a set of lexically defined, fixed, and stable meanings; rather, they all have entailed certain discrepancies and contradictions among a diverse range of standpoints, while at the same time changing their different interpretative valence according to historical context. In addition, these concepts have sometimes been used to define the self and at other times to define a given other. Moreover, the terms have not only been enunciated through discourses; they have also been enacted by physical bodies. The overall purpose of this book, therefore, is to empirically and analytically elucidate a dynamic, multi-layered history of cinema audiences in Japan as part of a larger relationship between media and social subjects and examines cinema audiences as simultaneously shaped by and shaping social history. In so doing, it brings a new perspective to the history of Japanese society and culture in its global context from the early twentieth century up to the early twenty-first century"--

Abstract
Background
Understanding the release characteristics of soil colloids is a prerequisite for studying the co-transport of colloids and pollutants in subsurface environment. As a crucial agricultural management measure, fertilization not only alters the material composition of farmland soil, but also significantly regulates the properties and release patterns of soil colloids. This study systematically investigated the regulatory mechanism of short-term cattle manure fertilization on the macroscopic release and microscopic properties of soil colloids with different particle sizes, providing a theoretical foundation for subsequent research on the fate and transport of agricultural non-point source pollutants.

Results
The colloids in natural agricultural soil primarily consist of inorganic components. Graded extraction of the colloids has revealed that the combined proportion of colloids with particle sizes of 1–2 μm and 0.45–1 μm accounts for approximately 80.5%. Applying cattle manure inhibits the release of soil colloids, and the content of large particle size (1–2 μm) components increases. The content of organic colloids is increased due to the high total organic carbon (TOC) in cattle manure, particularly those with a particle size less than 1 μm. The characterization of organic colloid components revealed a significant increase in aromatic carbon and oxygen-containing functional groups, while the aliphatic content decreased. The response sequence regarding changes in functional groups within organic colloids induced by fertilization was as follows: –CH3, –CH2 > C–O > –OH > C=C. Fertilization promotes the release of 1:1-type inorganic mineral colloids, increasing the content of poorly crystalline minerals. The retention of aromatic carbon and oxygen-containing functional groups by poorly crystalline mineral colloids served as the primary mechanism leading to their increased content levels. Changes in environmental factors significantly impacted the release and properties of soil colloids. Conditions such as low cationic valence, high ionic strength, and high pH promoted the release of soil colloids.

Conclusions
The short-term fertilization resulted in a reduction in the release of soil colloids and brought about significant alterations in their particle size composition and properties. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into understanding the impact of fertilization-induced colloid release on the environmental behavior of agricultural non-point source pollutants.

This research aims at extraction of nanocarbon from local raw materials through a detailed study of its characteristics. The research involves study of thermal properties of fruit kernels (apricots) and walnut kernels, determining the optimal modes of the carbonization process for each type of raw material, developing a method for the synthesis of spherical granules by liquid granulation and determining the optimum concentration of the sulfuric acid solution used in granulation. Analysis of the results on the dynamic sorption of petroleum products showed that maximum sorption is achieved when using a sorbent obtained at 400∘C for 30 minutes. Temperature regimes have been optimized for obtaining sorbent from walnut shells with different carbon content. The hydrophobicity and oleophilic of their surface are common to all these materials. The dynamic conditions of the adsorption capacity processes under the sorbents were studied. Sorption efficiency and the specific capacity of sorbents were determined. It has been shown that the technological cycle of the studied sorbents can be repeated by repeated purification. When activated charcoal is used to purify water from petroleum products, the process of leaching with colloidal and finely dispersed mixtures – it was found that deaeration is necessary. The individual composition of the ether fraction OV-1 has a fixed liquid phase, Connected to Finuigan 4023 Automated GC/MS System mass spectrometer, It was determined by chromato-mass spectrometry in a capillary column 40 m long and 0.25 mm in internal diameter. The results of the Fure-IR spectroscopy study of samples based on the apricot peel, walnut peel, and walnut peel showed that winning symmetrical bands (2920 and 2851 cm−1) were observed in them, these bands belong to the C-H-valence oscillation belonging to the methyl and methylene groups. In the spectrum taken from a sample of apricot peel, absorption bands belonging to cellulose (1377 cm−1 and 1069 cm−1 ) were observed.
Thermogravimetric studies were performed on an STA 449C Jupiter synchronous thermal analysis instrument in the inert environment at a heating rate of 10∘ C/min in the temperature range of 25–1000∘C. Analysis of the porous structure parameters of carbon sorbents were carried out using the high-speed analyzer of gas sorption NOVA-1200e by the method of imaging nitrogen adsorption isotherms at a temperature of 77K.

Abstract
Climate change (CC) is a topical issue of profound social interest. This paper aims to analyze the sentiments expressed in Twitter interactions in relation to CC. The study is performed considering the geographical and gender perspectives as well as different user typologies (individual users or companies). A total of 92 474 Twitter messages were utilized for the study. These are characterized by analyzing sentiment polarity and identifying the underlying topics related to climate change. Polarity is examined utilizing different commercial algorithms such as Valence Aware Dictionary and Sentiment Reasoner (VADER) and TextBlob, in conjunction with a procedure that uses word embedding and clustering techniques in an unsupervised machine learning approach. In addition, hypothesis testing is applied to inspect whether a gender independence exists or not. The topics are identified using latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) and the usage of n-grams is explored. The topics identified are (in descending order of importance) CC activism, biodiversity, CC evidence, sustainability, CC awareness, pandemic, net zero, CC policies and finances, government action, and climate emergency. Moreover, globally speaking, it is found that the interactions on all topics are predominantly negative, and they are maintained as such for both men and women. If the polarity by topic and country is considered, it is also negative in most countries, although there are several notable exceptions. Finally, the presence of organizations and their perspective is studied, and results suggest that organizations post with more frequency when addressing topics such as sustainability, CC awareness, and net zero topics.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this research is to gain a better understanding of the perception of Twitter users in relation to climate change. To do so, Twitter interactions are characterized by analyzing polarity (positive or negative sentiment) and identifying underlying topics that, with greater or lesser intensity, were discussed during the period analyzed. Then, to contextualize the information retrieved, several classifications are performed: by gender, location, and account typology (individual users and companies). Interesting differences and commonalities are found both by geographic dimension and by gender. Similarly, some dissimilarities exist between interactions from individuals and companies. The findings of this work are significant because they can help institutions and governments to properly target public awareness efforts on climate change.

Financial support by the German–Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development (grant I-1342-302.5/2016) and the Latvian Council of Science (grant lzp-2018/1-0147 (D.G., E.A.K.)) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors further thank Guntars Zvejnieks for help with CRYSTAL code calculations. ; Protonic-electronic mixed-conducting perovskites are relevant as cathode materials for protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs). In the present study, the relation between the electronic structure and the thermodynamics of oxygen nonstoichiometry and hydration is investigated for BaFeO3-δ and Ba0.5Sr0.5FeO3-δ by means of density functional theory. The calculations are performed at the PBE + U level and yield ground-state electronic structures dominated by an oxygen-to-metal charge transfer with electron holes in the O 2p valence bands. Oxygen nonstoichiometry is modeled for 0 ≤ δ≤ 0.5 with oxygen vacancies in doubly positive charge states. The energy to form an oxygen vacancy is found to increase upon reduction, i.e., decreasing concentration of ligand holes. The higher vacancy formation energy in reduced (Ba,Sr)FeO3-δ is attributed to a higher Fermi level at which electrons remaining in the lattice from the removed oxide ions have to be accommodated. The energy for dissociative H2O absorption into oxygen vacancies is found to vary considerably with δ, ranging from ≈-0.2 to ≈-1.0 eV in BaFeO3-δ and from ≈0.2 to ≈-0.6 eV in Ba0.5Sr0.5FeO3-δ. This dependence is assigned to the annihilation of ligand holes during oxygen release, which leads to an increase in the ionic charge of the remaining lattice oxide ions. The present study provides sound evidence that p-type electronic conductivity and the susceptibility for H2O absorption are antagonistic properties since both depend in opposite directions on the concentration of ligand holes. The reported trends regarding oxygenation and hydration energies are in line with the experimental observations. ; Latvian Council of Science lzp-2018/1-0147; German–Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development grant I-1342-302.5/2016; Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia as the Center of Excellence has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART²