Suchergebnisse

Abstrak Bantuan Langsung Tunai menjadi Salah Satu Program Perlindungan Sosial yang dilaksanakan oleh Pemerintah Berdasarkan Kebijakan Keuangan Negara dan Stabilitas Keuangan Negara pada UU No.2 Tahun 2020 sebagai Strategi dalam Penanganan COVID-19. Akan tetapi Program Bantuan Langsung Tunai masih memiliki Pro-Kontra dalam Pelaksanaannya sehingga Efektivitas Program Bantuan Langsung Tunai sebagai Bentuk Pemenuhan Hak Perlindungan Sosial menjadi sangat penting untuk diteliti. Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk Mendeskripsikan dan mengukur Efektivitas Bantuan Langsung Tunai sebagai Bentuk Pemenuhan Hak Perlindungan Sosial bagi Warga Non-PKH Dusun Sudimoro. Penelitian menggunakan Pendekatan Kuantitatif Dekriptif, Populasi terdiri dari 597 warga Non-PKH Sampel yang digunakan menggunakan Teknik Sampel Area sebanyak 39 Warga Dusun Sudimoro. Teknik Pengumpulan data menggunakan Angket dan Data Numerik yang ada pada Dokumen Pemerintah Desa Jeruk Legi yang Kemudian dianalisis menggunakan rumus Deskriptif Persentase berdasarkan pada Kategori Rendah, Sedang, Tinggi, Sangat Tinggi. Aspek yang diukur adalah Tujuan dan Sistem Program dengan menggunakan Teori Efektivitas Gibson, Donnely dan Ivancevich. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan Efektivitas Bantuan Langsung Tunai Sebagai Bentuk Pemenuhan Hak Perlindungan Sosial Bagi Warga Non-PKH Selama Pandemi COVID-19 di Dusun Sudimoro Desa Jeruk Legi Memiliki Persentase yang Tinggi yakni sebesar 80,8% secara Keseluruhan hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Keberhasilan Program Berjalan Sesuai dengan Tujuan Program yang dimuat pada UU No.2 Tahun 2020 tentang Kebijakan Keuangan dan Stabilitas Sistem Keuangan, serta tingkat Coverisasi Pengeluaran Selama Pandemi COVID-19 sebesar 22,3% yang melebihi target Coverisasi oleh Pemerintah sebesar 10%. Kata Kunci: Efektivitas, Bantuan Langsung Tunai, Perlindungan Sosial, COVID-19. Abstract Direct Cash Assistance is one of the Social Protection Programs implemented by the Government based on the State Finance Policy and State Financial Stability in Law No.2 of 2020 as a Strategy in Handling COVID-19. However, the Direct Cash Assistance Program still has pros and cons in its implementation, so that Effectiveness of the Cash Transfer Program as a form of fulfilling social protection rights is very important to study. The Purpose of the study is to describe and measure the Effectiveness of Direct Cash Assistance as a form of fulfillment of Social Protection rights for Non-PKH Resident of Sudimoro Hamlet. The study used a descriptive quantitative approach, The population consisted of 597 non-PKH residents, The Samples used were 39 non-PKH residents of Sudimoro Hamlet. Data collection techniques using Questionnaires and Numerical Data in the Jeruk Legi Village Government Documents which were then analyzed using the Descriptive Percentage formula based on Low, Medium, High and Very High categories. Aspects that are measured are Objectives and Program Systems using the Effectiveness Theory of Gibson, Donnely and Ivencevich. The result showed that the Effectiveness of direct cash ssistance as a form of fulfillment of Social Protection rights for non-PKH residents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sudimoro Hamlet, Jeruk Legi Village, had a high percentage of 80,8% overall this indicates that the success of the programis running in accordance with the program objectives, Which is contained in Law No.2 of 2020 concerning Financial Policy and Financial System Stability, as well as the level of Expenditure Coverization during the COVID-19 Pandemic of 22,3% which exceeds the Coverization target by the Government by 10%. Keywords: Effectiveness, Direct Cash Assistance, Social Protection, COVID-19

El objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer el trabajo realizado por investigadores de comunicación en el seno de un grupo de ingeniería biomédico de la Universidad de Girona que lucha contra el cáncer de mama. Se detallará paso a paso cómo se gestó la identidad del grupo, construyendo un relato y un Plan de Comunicación. El objetivo de arranque buscó que las aportaciones biomédicas basadas en la ingeniaría en 3D, desarrolladas en el seno del equipo, no pasaran desapercibidas. El proyecto ONCOen3D, gestado e implementado en el seno de una universidad pública, sirvió para dar visibilidad a la ciencia. La misión del proyecto es el ensayo de nuevas dianas terapéuticas contra el cáncer de mama Triple Negativo, uno de los más agresivos en pacientes jóvenes. Los tests de medicamentos se prueban en unas matrices imprimidas con sistemas 3D que, con bajo coste, permiten muchos ensayos. Esta creativa idea era absolutamente desconocida, fuera de los muros académicos, hasta que el equipo multidisciplinar incorporó a investigadoras del área de comunicación. Así, se ideó un Plan de Comunicación, con estrategias y acciones para conseguir un doble objetivo. Por un lado, dar a conocer esa línea de investigación a su entorno social más inmediato y por otro, conseguir más financiación. Las acciones implementadas están dirigidas a los diferentes públicos de la institución. Desde la construcción de una identidad visual, con una web, la confección de vídeos corporativos y otros materiales de diseminación, hasta la organización de una presentación del proyecto para conseguir publicity (rueda de prensa), o la organización de un mercado solidario. Por tanto, los primeros resultados evidencian que, con la multidisciplinariedad de los equipos, la diseminación es más efectiva tanto para conseguir visibilidad como también reputación. Palabras Clave: Plan de Comunicación, Relaciones Públicas, identidad visual, salud y comunicación, ONCOen3D Abstract The aim of this article is to present the work carried out by communication researchers within a biomedical engineering group that works against breast cancer at the University of Girona (Spain). It will gradually detail how the identity of the group was developed, how the storytelling was built, how we construct a Strategic Communication Plan, and the concrete and specific actions to achieve two objectives: to be visible and to obtain extra funding. It was assumed that one objective should be linked to the other. This paper is a real world application. It is based on the theoretical perspective of Institutional Theory as understood by Macagnan (2013), and the philosophy put forward by Abratt and Kleyn (2011). They state that corporate identity and corporate branding are inseparable elements that shape the reputation of an organisation, in the same way as the role played by the public. Thus, the strategic communication plan that was developed followed the guidelines outlined by Scheinsohn (2009), the flexibility outlined by Matilla (2009) and following Capriotti (2009) in relation to the phases of strategic management and its relationship with the public. First, we focused on seeking notoriety. The assumption was that by achieving visibility and awareness it would be more accessible to secure more funding. In other words, we tried to ensure that the biomedical contributions based on 3D engineering, developed within the team, did not go unnoticed. The mission of the project, called ONCOen3D, is to test new therapeutic targets against Triple Negative breast cancer, one of the most aggressive cancers, with a high degree of recurrence, which mostly affects young patients. The drug tests, which is one of the team's tasks, are tested, in our case, on matrices printed with 3D systems that, with low cost, allow many tests. This creative idea, the basis of the project, was absolutely unknown outside of academic walls, until this multidisciplinary research team incorporated experts from the area of communication. Thus, communicative actions were devised, scheduled and focused on different audiences to achieve notoriety. To begin with, the name and visual identity of ONCOen3D was created: a logo, a graphic identity embodied in communicative elements of dissemination (flyers, roll-ups) and institutional videos hosted on the corporate website. The videos explain and present the work both to a more specialized and scientific public, or to a more generalist public: patients, families and organizations supporting breast cancer patients. Other actions were aimed at achieving the second objective: to seek funding outside the usual channels of the university. Visits to the laboratories were scheduled to introduce the institutions and organizations with which we normally collaborate, and to engage new potential sponsors. Another event planned was the organization of a solidarity market for emerging talented designers. In addition, the informative story was constructed to present ONCOen3D in society through a classic technique of Public Relations: the press conference. The results were more than 50 impacts in national and international media; a remarkable publicity was obtained. This international presence prompted ONCOen3D to compete in the 3D Printing Academy Awards 2019 and win the Best Healthcare Application 2019 award. Therefore, these initial responses show that, with the multidisciplinary nature of the teams, dissemination is more effective in terms of both positioning and reputation. This project conceived and implemented with a Spanish public university is serving to give visibility to science. Key Words: Communication Plan, Public Relations, visual identity, health and communication, ONCOen3D

Around the world, some leading companies have started developing inte- grated reporting (IR), which expresses the interconnections between a firm's strategy, governance, performance and prospects, as well as the contexts within which it operates (Frias-Acetuino et al., 2013). The International In- tegrated Reporting Council (IIRC) released in 2013 a framework about the integration of financial and non-financial information within a unique corpo- rate report. The adoption of such an IR is mandatory just in South Africa for listed companies since 2011, while it is voluntary adopted in all the other countries around the world. According to the IR framework (2013) an IR includes eight Content Ele- ments even if companies, adopting an IR in compliance to the framework, are let free to disclose which and how much about each of them. The Content El- ements are "fundamentally linked to each other and [.] not mutually exclu- sive" (IIRC, 2013, p. 24) and refer to: 1. Organizational overview and external environment, i.e. what the organization does and what are the circumstances under which it operates; 2. Governance, i.e. how the organization's governance structure supports its ability to create value in the short, medium and long term; 3. Business model, i.e. description of the organization's business model; 4. Risks and opportunities, i.e. the specific risks and opportunities that affect the organization's ability to create value over the short, medium and long term, and how the organization deals with them; 5. Strategy and resource allocation, i.e. where the organization wants to go and how it intends to get there; 6. Per- formance, i.e. to what extent the organization has achieved its strategic objectives for the period and what are its outcomes in terms of effects on the capitals; 7. Outlook, i.e. the challenges and uncertainties the organization is likely to encounter in pursuing its strategy, and the potential implications for its business model and future performance; 8. Basis of presentation, i.e. how the organization determines what matters to include in the integrated report. Prior literature has already investigated the role of institutional factors – here intended in the forms of legal, political, and economic systems – on financial disclosure (for all La Porta et al., 1997; 1998). Most recent studies investigated institutional factors' role dealing about non-financial infor- mation (e.g. Jensen and Berg, 2012; De Villier and Marquez, 2016; Coluccia et al., 2018). However little research investigated the integration of both fi- nancial and non-financial information within IR (Frias-Acetuino et al., 2013; Zhou et al., 2017). Further these few studies analyzed integrated report be- fore the IR framework development. Thus the current study aims at extend- ing such stream of literature by investigating the influence of institutional factors on IR completeness, here defined as the level of information about the Content Elements provided by a company in its IR. The paper is structured as follow: the second paragraph describes the institutional theory and prior literature at the base of the hypotheses development, the third paragraph deals with the research design, the fourth and fifth describe the findings of the analyses and the sixth discusses them and pro- vides conclusions.

The article reveals the essence and content of the "vocational training" concept in the definitions of national and foreign researchers. It was determined that the practice of border training differs slightly in different countries due to the peculiarities of national legal systems, goals and level of development of the society and the state; national and historical traditions; development of legislation; requirements and official tasks of a specific law enforcement activity; national peculiarities of the law enforcement officers' professional training system; and pedagogical theories of the educational content. However, a number of common trends can be observed at the present stage of the European law enforcement officers' vocational training development. The author highlights and analyzes the main tendencies of specialists' training in the field of border protection of the European Union (EU) countries. Such trends include the establishment of a departmental system of continuous vocational education; integration tendencies expressed in the desire for rapprochement, coordination of different approaches, and harmonization of vocational training through the implementation of common standards; marked national traditionalism that exists along with the tendencies towards education integration; refinement of the training quality through the improvement of the content, conditions, forms, and methods of teaching and educational process and the use of effective pedagogical technologies in theoretical and practical work; activity and professional orientation of the learning, which is achieved through the wide spread of practical learning in the border guard training, and the combination of theory and practice; humanization of the training process, which lies in the affirmation of the person as the highest social value and creation of a new training model focused on the specialist's personality; and rating the vocational border guard training's communicative aspect as the one of primary importance. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the structure and content of the EU Common Core Curriculum. ; У статті розкривається сутність та зміст поняття «професійна підготовка» у визначеннях вітчизняних та зарубіжних дослідників. З'ясовано, що практика прикордонної підготовки дещо відрізняється у різних країнах, що обумовлено особливостями національних правових систем, цілями й рівнем розвитку суспільства і держави; національно-історичними традиціями; розвитком законодавства; вимогами і службовими завданнями конкретної правоохоронної діяльності; національними особливостями системи професійної підготовки співробітників правоохоронних органів; педагогічними теоріями змісту освіти. Проте на сучасному етапі розвитку професійної підготовки європейських правоохоронців простежується низка загальних тенденцій. Авторкою висвітлено та проаналізовано основні тенденції підготовки фахівців у сфері охорони кордону країн Європейського Союзу. До таких тенденцій відносяться: створення відомчої системи неперервної професійної освіти; інтеграційні тенденції, що виражаються у прагненні до зближення, узгодження різних підходів, гармонізації професійної підготовки шляхом упровадження єдиних стандартів; виражена національна традиційність, існуюча поряд із тенденціями до інтеграції навчання;підвищення якості підготовки шляхом удосконалення змісту, умов, форм і методів навчально-виховного процесу, застосування ефективних педагогічних технологій у навчально-практичній діяльності; активність і професійна спрямованість навчання, яка досягається широким розповсюдженням у прикордонній підготовці практичного навчання, поєднання теорії з практикою;гуманізація процесу підготовки, що полягає в утвердженні особи як найвищої соціальної цінності, створенні нового зразка підготовки, орієнтованої на особистість фахівця;віднесення комунікативного аспекту професійної прикордонної підготовки до розряду пріоритетних. Окрему увагу приділено аналізу структури і змісту Уніфікованої програми підготовки для прикордонників та фахівців берегової охорони ЄС.

У статті проведено контент-аналіз і систематизацію наукових поглядів щодо сутності поняття "економічна безпека підприємства", а також розвиток понятійного апарату теорії менеджменту за рахунок дефініції економічної безпеки як об'єкта управління. На основі систематизації наукових поглядів на сутність поняття "економічна безпека підприємства" узагальнено різні підходи щодо цієї дефініції, а саме "економічна безпека підприємства" розглядається: як стан ефективного використання (ресурсів, потенціалу, діяльності); як стан захищеності (потенціалу підприємства, діяльності підприємства, інтересів тощо); як комплекс (економічних відносин, заходів, властивостей тощо); як характеристика (діяльності, досягнутих та очікуваних результатів діяльності тощо); як розвиток (збалансований і безупинний) тощо. Запропоноване авторське уточнене визначення терміна "економічна безпека підприємства" як комплексної характеристики стану захищеності економічних інтересів підприємства та їхньої узгодженості з наявним потенціалом і заявленими цілями, що дає змогу протистояти різним негативним факторам у процесі економічної діяльності. ; Ensuring sustainable development of an enterprise is impossible without an effective system of its economic security based on a developed and implemented development strategy. Under the conditions of socio-economic and political instability, dynamic external environment and unstable development of the national economy, domestic enterprises face many threats to their functioning. Therefore, business entities have to ensure the stability of operations by avoiding or eliminating threats and risks, as well as the efficiency of operations through sound management of resources and business processes. In this regard, the issue of further developing the conceptual apparatus becomes more relevant, which will make it possible to form appropriate economic security management systems at the enterprise. The purpose of the study is content analysis and systematization of scientific views on the essence of the concept of "economic security of the enterprise", as well as the development of the conceptual apparatus of management theory through the definition of economic security as a management object which will reflect the author's interpretation of this category and open prospects for further research. On the basis of content analysis and systematization of scientific views regarding the essence of the concept of "economic security of the enterprise" different approaches to this definition were generalized, namely "economic security of the enterprise" is considered: as a state of efficient use (resources, potential, activity); as a state of security (enterprise potential, enterprise activity, interests, etc.); as a complex (economic relations, activities, properties, etc.); as a characteristic (activities, achieved and expected results of activities, etc.); as development (balanced and continuous) and the like. Treating sustainability as a long-term equilibrium between the existing and prospective potential of the enterprise and the goals of its development, we consider it advisable to introduce a characteristic of their consistency, deviation from which causes fluctuations in equilibrium. Thus, it is appropriate to use an integrated approach, according to which the economic security of the enterprise is considered as a complex characteristic of the state of protection of the economic interests of the enterprise and their consistency with the existing potential and stated goals, which makes it possible to counter various negative factors in the process of economic activity. Thus, consideration of the economic security of the enterprise from the point of view of cost-oriented management makes it possible to determine the objects of security management at the enterprise, and the structuring of business processes, resources, factors is the basis for the formation of a fundamentally new concept of "economic security of the enterprise".

The article deals with the important question "about the meaning of life" for an individual as well as for society as a whole, within the co-evolution of man, society and nature, taking into account socio-economic and political systems for the development of social relations. At the same time, the works of famous scientists and public persons are used for analysis and generalization. Particular attention is paid to the history of social relations in Russia, pre-revolutionary, Soviet and post-Soviet periods. Taking into account the mentality of the Russian people, both the indigenous and the state forming, the main features of it are: the priority of the public over the private, catholicity, non-covetousness and an acute sense of social justice. These features are most consistent with the socialist basis of management, the beginnings of which were already manifested in the community-collective farms of the Old Believers as far back as the 17th century, long before the Marxist theory, which was confirmed by Karl Marx himself. It was the archetype of the Russian man, corresponding to the collective principles of management, that contributed to the October Revolution of 1917 and the creation of socialism in a single country, despite the encirclement of the capitalist countries. Only treason, beginning with Gorbachev, led to the elimination of socialism and a second return to capitalism, which threw the country back several decades ago. But the experience of Russia in the field of socialism was fully utilized by China, which has already become, in exchange for the USSR, the world's second superpower, and will overtake the United States in its economic development in the coming years. The policy announced by Russian President Vladimir Putin for a breakthrough in all directions of social development is possible only on the road to liberation from the capitalist lines and transition to the socialist principles of economic management. ; Рассматривается важный вопрос «о смысле жизни» как для отдельного человека, так и для общества в целом, в рамках коэволюции человека, общества и природы, с учетом социально–экономических и политических систем развития общественных отношений. При этом для анализа и обобщения используются труды известных ученых и общественных деятелей. Особое внимание уделяется истории общественных отношений в России, в дореволюционный, советский и постсоветский периоды. С учетом менталитета русского народа, как коренного и государствообразующего, главными особенностями его являются: приоритет общественного над частным, соборность, нестяжательство и острое чувство социальной справедливости. Этим особенностям в наибольшей степени соответствуют социалистические основы хозяйствования, начала которых проявились уже в общинно–коллективных хозяйствах староверов еще в XVII веке, т.е. задолго до марксистской теории, что подтвердил и сам Карл Маркс. Именно архетип русского человека, соответствующий коллективным началам хозяйствования, способствовал и октябрьской революции 1917 г. и созданию социализма в отдельно взятой стране, несмотря на окружение капиталистических стран. Лишь предательство, начиная с Горбачева, привело к ликвидации социализма и вторичное возвращение к капитализму, что отбросило страну на несколько десятилетий назад. Но опыт России в области социализма сполна использовал Китай, который уже стал, сменив СССР, второй сверхдержавой мира и в ближайшие годы в своем экономическом развитии обгонит и США. Объявленный президентом России В.В. Путиным курс на прорыв во всех направлениях общественного развития возможен только на пути освобождения от капиталистических пут и перехода на социалистические начала хозяйствования.

Abstract: This article discussed about contestation of Islamist mass groups in Indonesia. In general, Islamists or Islamism refers to an islamic organizations which based their political ideology on Islam. This study finds out what strategies used by the islamist group to attain their political agenda and its implications when they are confronting with other mainstream and islamic group. This research uses qualitative method with a descriptive analysis approach. This research used theoritical framework of Islamic Revivalism, Political Islam, Islamism and Social Movement theory. The result of the discussion shows that islamis contestation of mainstream islamic mass group in Indonesia to dominate arena through political movements: first, by taking benefits from political opportunity, including transformastion underground movement become legal movement; second, through structural mobilization, which consists of internal mobilization and external mobilization; third, using framing proces, by counter all isues and systems form the west, such as democracy, nationalism and human rights; fourth infiltration by controlling mosque, campus, student, takmir community, bureaucracy and government.الملخص: تناقش هذه المقالة حول صراع المنظمات الإسلامية في إندونيسيا. على سبيل العام كان الإسلاميون حركات إسلامية تجعل الإسلام أساس إيديولوجيتها السياسية. وهذه المقالة ستبحث الاستيراتيجية التي تقوم بها حركة المنظمة الإسلامية لتحقيق أهدافها الاجتماعية والسياسية وكيف آثارها عندما تواجه مجموعة إسلامية أخرى من تيار المنظمة الإسلامية المعتدلة. وهذا البحث من البحث الكيفي الذي يستخدم منهج التحليل الوصفي. والنظريات المستخدمة في هذا البحث هي الصحوة الإسلامية، والسياسية الإسلامية، والنظرية الإسلامية، والحركة الاجتماعية. ونتيجة هذا البحث تدل على أن صراع الحركة الإسلامية السائدة في المجتمع الإندونيسيا من خلال استراتيجية الحركة السياسية: أولاً، استفادة الفرصة السياسية أي استفادة الفرصة الإصلاحية لإنهاء الحركة السرية حتى تصبح الحركة القانونية الرسمية وقامت الحركة حرية. ثانيا، من خلال التعبئة الهيكلية التي تتكون من التعبئة الداخلية والتعبئة الخارجية. ثالثًا، تنظيم عملية الحركة أي عن طريق القيام بمعارضة جميع الأفكار والأنظمة من الغرب مثل الديمقراطية والقومية وحقوق الإنسان. رابعا، أن تدخل هذه الحركة من خلال المساجد والجامعات وطلاب الجامعة ومنظمة المساجد والبيروقراطية والحكومة وما إلى ذلك كالآثار من الصراع الإسلامي.Abstrak: Tulisan ini membahas tentang kontestasi ormas Islam di Indonesia. Secara umum, Islamis atau Islamisme adalah gerakan Islam yang menjadikan Islam sebagai dasar ideologi politiknya. Penilitian ini akan menjawab bagaimana strategi yang digunakan gerakan ormas Islam untuk mencapai agenda sosial-politiknya dan bagaimana implikasinya ketika berbenturan kepentingan dengan kelompok ormas-ormas Islam lainnya yang notabene merupakan ormas Islam mainstream atau moderat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif analisis.Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah konsep Revivalisme Islam, Islam Politik, Islamisme dan teori Gerakan sosial. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa kontestasi islamisme ormas Islam mainstream di Indonesia dalam menguasai arena strategis yang terdapat di masyarakat melalui strategi gerakan politik: pertama, memanfaatkan peluang politik, yaitu peluang reformasi untuk mengakhiri gerakan bawah tanah menjadi gerakan legal sehingga dapat bergerak dengan leluasa. Kedua, memobilisasi struktur, yang terdiri dari mobilisasi internal dengan melakukan pengkaderan secara intensif dan mobilisasi eksternal. Ketiga, penyusunan proses gerakan, yakni dengan cara melakukan pergolakan pemikiran dengan menentang segala pemikiran dan sistem dari Barat, seperti demokrasi, nasionalisme dan HAM. Keempat, melakukan perembesan dengan menguasai mesjid, kampus, mahasiswa, komunitas takmir, birokrasi dan pemerintahan dan sebagainya sebagai implikasi dari kontestasi islamisme.

Over the past thirty to forty years, the academic study of religion has brought the category of religion into crisis, unveiling its Christian architecture and its formation as a settler-colonial category of European expansion. While the proliferation of research on the genealogy of religion has opened new and important vantages for study, we remain conflicted about what is at stake. In this dissertation, I argue that the modern-colonial construction of religion is organized by a racial-theological operation that categorically separates people into humans, subhumans, and nonhumans, by which the social, economic, and political inequalities of racial capitalism have been made to seem natural and inevitable. The dissertation brings Black Studies and decolonial theory to bear on critical genealogies of religion, and argues modern discourses of race and religion are rooted in anti-blackness and settler-colonialism. I aim to specify the practice of racial distinction as the force or movement that opens religion's discursive economy. Chapter one reviews the state of contemporary criticism of religion, and situates critique of religion in the material crises of the twentieth century. In chapter two, I engage the work of Caribbean theorist Sylvia Wynter to historicize the argument, and show how modern politics became possible by secularizing the theological distinctions or oppositions of medieval Christendom into the biological enemies or failures of the human species itself. I deploy this framework in chapter three by reading together the work of Lindon Barrett with David Chidester's Savage Systems, and argue that the human is a structure of value in relation to that which can generate value but not be valued in itself. Chapter four engages Silvia Federici's Caliban and the Witch, and turns the argument towards the subjugation of the European peasants in the witch-hunts, as a constitutive relation of settler-colonialism. Finally, chapter five explores the work of Charles Long on the history of religions, with the work of black feminists M. NourbeSe Philip, and Hortense Spillers, to interrogate religion as a modern category around the themes of freedom and racial slavery. In this chapter, I aim more directly at the religious logic of whiteness, especially as whiteness is structured by a grammar of captivity. The conclusion offers constructive reflections on the implications of the argument, and argues a way forward is to study religion in relation to what survives or escapes the installation of the human. This dissertation is a critique of dominant Christianity and the racial-(post)colonial world made as Western European Christendom secularized itself. But it is a critique that is launched in relation to contemporary theories and methodologies in religious studies. In this way, the project suggests a way of reading contemporary religious studies criticism as moving towards, but being unable to name, the problem of the human as that which houses the current crisis of religion and its resolutions. As a transmutation of the Christian subject, the human names the form of life - global in scope - that (re)produces itself as the proper mode of the human through the sociopolitical hierarchical differentiation of the human from the not-quite-human and the nonhuman (Alexander Weheliye).

This doctoral dissertation centers on robust adaptive networks. Robust adaptation strategies are devised to solve typical network inference tasks such as estimation and detection in a decentralized manner in the presence of impulsive contamination. Typical in wireless communication environments, an impulsive noise process can be described as one whose realizations contain sparse, random samples of amplitude much higher than nominally accounted for. An attractive feature that these robust adaptive strategies enjoy is that neither their development nor operation hinges on the availability of exact knowledge of the noise distribution: The robust adaptive strategies are capable of learning it on-the-fly and adapting their parameters accordingly. Forgoing data fusion centers, the network agents employing these strategies rely solely on local interactions and in-network processing to perform inference tasks, which renders networks more reliable, resilient to node and link failure, scalable, and resource efficient. Distributed cooperative processing finds applications in many areas including wireless sensor networks in smart-home, environmental, and industrial monitoring; healthcare; and military surveillance. Since adaptive systems based on the mean-square-error criterion see their performance degrade in the presence of non-Gaussian noise, the robust adaptive strategies developed in this dissertation harness nonlinear data processing and robust statistics instead to mitigate the detrimental effects of impulsive noise. To this end, a robust adaptive filtering algorithm is developed that employs an adaptive error nonlinearity. The error nonlinearity is chosen to be a convex combination of preselected basis functions where the combination coefficients are adapted jointly with the estimate of the parameter of interest such that the mean-square-error relative to the optimal error nonlinearity is minimized in each iteration. Then, a robust diffusion adaptation algorithm of the adapt-then-combine variety is developed as an extension of its stand-alone counterpart for distributed estimation over networks where the measurements may be corrupted by impulsive noise. Each node in the network runs a combination of its neighbors' estimates through one iteration of a local robust adaptive filter update to ameliorate the effects of contamination, leading to better overall network performance matching that of a centralized strategy at steady-state. Finally, the robust diffusion adaptation algorithm is extended further to solve the problem of distributed detection over adaptive networks where the measurements may be corrupted by impulsive noise. The estimates generated by the robust algorithm are used as basis for the design of robust local detectors, where the form of the test- statistics and the rule for the computation of the detection thresholds are motivated by the analysis of the algorithm dynamics. Each node in the network cooperates with its neighbors, utilizing their estimates, to update its local detector. Effectively, information pertaining to the event of interest percolates across the network, leading to enhanced detection performance. The transient and steady-state behavior of the developed algorithms are analyzed in the mean and mean-square sense using the energy conservation framework. The performance of the algorithm is also examined in the context of distributed detection. Performance is validated extensively through numerical simulations in an impulsive noise scenario, revealing the robustness of the proposed strategies in comparison with state-of-the-art algorithms as well as good agreement between theory and practice.

Purpose– This paper aims to investigate, using stakeholder map methodology, showing power, urgency, legitimacy and concerns of different actors, the current state of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Switzerland. Previous research on CSR in Europe has made few attempts to identify stakeholders and their contribution to this topic.Design/methodology/approach– To derive this map, publicly available documents were explored, augmented by 27 interviews with key stakeholders (consumers, media, government, trade unions, non-profit organisations [NPOs], banks, certifiers and consultants) and management of different companies (multinational enterprises [MNEs], small- and medium-sized enterprises [SMEs] and large national companies). Using MAXQDA, the quantified codes given for power, legitimacy and urgency were triangulated between self-reporting, external assessments and statements from publicly available documents and subsequently transferred into stakeholder priorities or, in other words, into positions in the map. Further, the codes given in the interviews for different CSR interests and the results from the document analysis were linked between stakeholders. The identified concerns and priorities were quantitatively analysed in regard to centrality and salience using VennMaker.Findings– The paper identified SMEs, MNEs and cooperating NPOs as being the most significant stakeholders, in that order. CSR is, therefore, not driven primarily by regulators, market pressure or customers. Further network parameters substantiated the importance of SMEs while following an unconventionally informal and idiosyncratic CSR approach. Hence, insights into these ethics-driven, unformalised business models that pursue broader responsibility based on trust, traditional values, regional anchors and the willingness to "give something back" were formed. Examples of this strong CSR habit include democratic decisions and abolished hierarchies, handshake instead of formal contracts and transparency in all respects (e.g. performance indicators, salaries and bonuses).Research limitations/implications– In total, 27 interviews as primary data that supplements publicly available documents are clearly only indicative.Practical implications– The research found an innovative, vibrant and practical CSR model that is emerging for reasons other than conventional CSR agendas that are supposed to evolve. In fact, the stakeholder map and the CSR practices may point at a very different role businesses have adopted in Switzerland. Such models offer a useful, heuristic evaluation of the contribution of formal management systems (e.g. as could be found in MNEs) in comparison to the unformalised SME business conduct.Originality/value– A rarely reported and astonishing feature of many of the very radical SME practices found in this study is that their link to commercial strategies was, in most cases, not seen. However, SMEs are neither the "poor relative" nor the abridged version of CSR, but are manifesting CSR as a Swiss set of values that fits the societal culture and the visionary goals of SME owners/managers and governs how a sustainably responsible company should behave. Hence, as a new stance and argument within CSR-related research, this paper concludes that "informal" does not mean "weak". This paper covers a myriad of management fields, e.g. CSR as strategic tool in business ethics; stakeholder and network management; decision-making; and further theoretical frameworks, such as transaction cost and social capital theory. In other words, this research closes scientific gaps by at once applying quantitative as well as qualitative methods and by merging, for the first time, network methodology with CSR and stakeholder research.

У статті представленo результати науково-педагогічного досліджен-ня, метою якого було виявлення освітніх стратегій, що використовуються урядом Мексики як механізми для інтеграції сільськогосподарських робітників-мігрантів в трудове життя в нинішніх соціально-економічних умовах. Дослідження показало, що такими навчальними стратегіями є Програми Національної ради для життя і праці та Національного інституту освіти дорослих, Центри базової освіти для дорослих, Центри для шкільної освіти, Програма забезпечення освіти дорослих, Програма забезпечення освіти сільськогосподарських робітників-мігрантів, Програма «Можли-вості», культурні місії. Проекти уряду Мексики щодо освіти сільсько-господарських робітників-мігрантів є далекосяжними, проте статистика свідчить, що в 2012 році, число молоді та дорослих, які набули початкової та/або середньої освіти, було всього 4222 особи, що становило 13,69% від загальної чисельності неписьменного населення країни.В статье представлены результаты научно-педагогического исследования, целью которого было определение образовательных стратегий, используемых правительством Мексики в качестве механизма для интеграции сельскохозяйственных работников-мигрантов в социально-трудовую жизнь в современных социально-экономических условиях. Исследование показало, что такими образовательными стратегиями являются Программы Национального Совета для жизни и труда и Национального института образования взрослых, Центры базового образования для взрослых, Центры для школьного образования, Программа обеспечения образования взрослых, Программа обеспечения образования сельскохозяйственных работников-мигрантов, Программа «Возможности», культурные миссии. Проекты правительства Мексики по образованию сельскохозяйственных работников-мигрантов выглядят далеко идущими, однако статистика свидетельствует, что в 2012 году, число взрослых, которые получили начальное и среднее образование, составило всего 4222 человека (13,69% от общей численности неграмотного населения страны).This paper states that the historical origin of the societies of Latin America since the beginning marks the emergence of a dichotomous parallelism, resulting from the overlap of cultures that occurred from the duality of values, social structures and political and administrative systems. The article presents the results of a pedagogical scientific study which aim was to reveal the educational strategies used by Mexican government as mechanisms for integration of migrant farm workers into the working life in the current socio-economic conditions. The Mexican socio-educational programs for migrant farm workers are based in the theory of marginality. The study presents marginality as a social phenomenon that has flourished in the twenty-first century world, however, is the subject of numerous international studies since the early twentieth century. The study showed that educational strategies are part of the Programs of National Council for Life and Work and the National Institute for Adult Education, the Centers for Adult Basic Education, the Centers for School Education, the Program for Care of Demand of Adult Education, the Program of Care for Migrant Farm Workers, the Opportunities Program, and the Cultural Missions.The scope of the purpose of migrant farm workers education in Mexico is far-reaching and is represented in three major areas: encourage self-responsibility and the process of self-realization of the individual, appropriate cultural and vocational training; promote and raise the cultural, professional and social status of the population; training to enable higher levels of efficient production and increase the corresponding income to raise the standard of living and a fair distribution of goods. The study showed that it is also worth noting the diversity of educational opportunities for migrant farm workers. Statistics show that in 2012, the number of marginal youth and adults who concluded primary and/or secondary school was only 4222 people, representing 13.69% of the total population with potential educational backwardness.

У статті викладено деякі підходи організації процесу вивчення іноземної мови в умовах застосування нових інформаційних технологій. Проаналізовано чинники вербальної комунікації, передумови навчання усного мовлення вищого комунікативного рівня, впровадження інформаційних технологій у педагогічну теорію та практику. Висвітлено наукові підходи до організації самостійної роботи студентів факультетів іноземних мов, зростання вимог до рівня професійної компетентності та основні педагогічні, методичні, технологічні умови їх реалізації. Розглянуто специфіку організації навчального процесу та творчої діяльності студентів мовних спеціальностей в умовах інтеграції до європейського освітнього простору.В статье освещены некоторые подходы к организации процесса изучения иностранных языков в условиях применения новых информационных технологий. Проанализированы факторы вербальной коммуникации, предпосылки обучения устной речи высшего коммуникативного уровня, внедрения информационных технологий в педагогическую теорию и практику. Освещены научные подходы организации самостоятельной работы студентов факультетов иностранных языков, повышение требований к уровню профессиональной компетентности и основные педагогические, методические, технологические условия их реализации. Рассмотрена специфика организации учебного процесса и творческой деятельности студентов филологических специальностей в условиях интеграции в европейское образовательное пространство.In the article certain methods regarding foreign language study process in application conditions of the new information technologies are discussed. The factors of the verbal communication, premises of the verbal communication teaching at the higher level, introduction of information technologies in the pedagogical theory and practice are considered.The scientific approaches to the organization of the independent foreign-language students' work, increasing demands to the level of professional competence and the main pedagogical, methodical and technological conditions of their realization are considered. The peculiarities of study process organization and creative activity of linguistic profession students under integration into the European educative space are shown.European norms demand forming in Ukraine the system of the open state informational resources which contains following sub-systems: leading, normative and legislative, organization and methodical, executive (centers certifying electronic notarial system, quality and arbitration).One of the increasing sources of the effectiveness of the state educational policy is the availability in the country the developed national and the transnational database resources. The Internet system enables interconnection between the countries, organizations and separate persons.The quick technological progress of the work with video on computer and transmission of the video information into the computer net gave a push to the new possibilities of the video technologies use in education and foreign language learning.Teachers belong to the special consumers of the information resources, because information is the only one and unique channel of their communication with the world society. Satisfaction of the need of information in education foresees a process of an intensive penetration of knowledge into the life of a separate person and society in general on the base of transformation of knowledge into the information resource like information materialized knowledge.Information communicative technologies, especially its automatized treatment, are a very important factor of the educational management in quality increase and state policy of education. The Ministry of science and education of Ukraine is showing activity in this range: creates an educational network, organizes stable paperwork document control in the sphere of education etc.Foreign language should be learned as a specific activity, which provides production and perception of the foreign language expressions, readiness of the entry to the real conversation in the conditions of integration into the European educational society.

Введение. Одним из ключевых факторов инновационной активности промышленного концерна в современных условиях является применение информационных и когнитивных технологий. В рамках авторской теории экономики активного коннекта появилась возможность для принятия эффективных управленческих решений по сбалансированному распределению ограниченных инновационных ресурсов промышленного концерна между предприятиями, входящими в его состав. Теоретический анализ. В статье рассматриваются отдельные аспекты проблемы сбалансированного распределения ограниченных инновационных ресурсов промышленного концерна между предприятиями. Предлагается авторское решение этой задачи на основе неманипулируемых механизмов поддержки принятия решений. Обосновано, что при определенных условиях, в частности при нетрансферабельной полезности, оптимальные процедуры принятия решений в экономических системах необходимо искать именно в классе неманипулируемых механизмов. Показано, что в настоящее время задача распределения ограниченных ресурсов хорошо исследована как задача индивидуального принятия решений, но практически не исследовалась с точки зрения проблемы манипулируемости как задача коллективного и смешанного принятия решений, в то время как подобные ее постановки являются крайне актуальными для современной практики в условиях санкционных ограничений российских промышленных концернов со стороны правительств ЕС и США. Результаты. В рамках научной концепции сбалансированного распределения ограниченных инновационных ресурсов промышленного концерна между его предприятиями описывается общая технология принятия решений, формулируется математическая модель механизма принятия решения менеджерами промышленного концерна и определяются условия целесообразности применения неманипулируемых механизмов поддержки принятия решений, в частности, в условиях трансферабельной полезности. Дана оценка разработанной математической модели сбалансированного распределения ограниченных инновационных ресурсов промышленного концерна между его предприятиями в рамках метода применения неманипулируемых механизмов поддержки принятия решений. ; Introduction. One of the key factors of innovation activity of industrial concern in modern conditions is the use of information and cognitive technologies. As part of the author's theory of economics active Connection have the opportunity to make effective management decisions for a balanced allocation of scarce resources, innovative industrial concern among enterprises, in its composition. Theoretical analysis. This article discusses some aspects of the balanced allocation of scarce resources, innovative industrial concern among enterprises. The author's solution to this problem on the basis of non-manipulable mechanisms to support decision-making decisionmakers. It is proved that under certain conditions, in particular when not transferable utility, optimal decision-making processes in economic systems must be sought in the class of non-manipulable mechanisms. It is shown that the current problem of the distribution of scarce resources well studied as a problem of individual decisionmaking, but in practice has not been studied from the point of view of the problem as a problem of collective manipulability and mixed decision-making, while the likes of her performances are highly relevant to modern practice under sanctions restrictions Russian industrial concerns on the part of the governments of the EU and the US. Results. The scientific concept of the balanced allocation of scarce resources, innovative industrial concern among its enterprises describes the overall technology adoption managerial decisions, formulate a mathematical model of the mechanism of decision-making decision-maker to industrial concerns and define conditions feasibility of non-manipulable mechanisms of planning, in particular, in a transferable utility. The evaluation of the developed decision support system based on a mathematical model of a balanced allocation of scarce resources among innovative enterprises in the framework of the application of non-manipulable planning mechanisms.

Del antagonismo entre las filosofías spenceriana (evolucionismo) y comteana (positivismo) y su adopciónecléctica mediante simbiosis funcional en la modernización y consolidación de los estados nacionales latinoamericanos del último tercio del siglo XIX y primer tercio del XX, se analizan sus repercusiones en el actual proceso venezolano; las características de la confusión conceptual y epistemológica; la limitación en su alcance real frente a las contradictorias realidades nacionales; su importancia mediante una alianza liberal-conservadora bajo la modalidad de regímenes liberal-oligárquicos para la inserción de las economías latinoamericanas en la economía mundial. Se explican tres aspectos clave de la contraposición entre evolucionismo y positivismo: clasificación de las ciencias, conocimiento científico y posibilidad de éste para comprender procesos sociales, dado que la variable "científica"en los proyectos nacionales marca el paso desde el viejo orden al nuevo de "emancipación mental". Se analizan la concepción social, política e ideológicade ambos sistemas, contrastándolos. Se explican e interpretan las repercusiones de la vinculación unilateral de la filosofía positivista en la "revolución bolivariana",analizando el resurgimiento del caudillismoen la refundación de la "República Bolivariana de Venezuela",el caudillismo como variante del personalismo político, sus prolongaciones actuales y por qué la teoría del caudillismo no se deriva de la simbiosis doctrinaria de positivismo y evolucionismo, aunque el positivismo justifique a los caudillos latinoamericanos. Finalmente contrastamos las nociones de "gendarme necesario" versus "democracia doctrinaria", relacionamos el "espíritu del caudillismo" y el subdesarrollo latinoamericano, con los límites y contradicciones de la "revolución bolivariana" liderada por Chávez en Venezuela.AbstractFrom the antagonism between the Spencerian (evolutionism)and Comtean (positivism) philosophies and their eclectic adoption by means of functional symbiosis in modernization and consolidation of Latin American states of the last third of the XIX century and thefirst third of the XX century, this work analyzes itsrepercussions within the current Venezuelan process, the characteristics of conceptual and epistemological confusion, the limitation of its actual scope in light of contradictory national reality, its importance in a liberal-conservative alliance under liberal-oligarchic regimes in relation to the insertion of Latin American economies into world economy. Three key aspects of the contraposition between evolution and positivism: classification of both sciences, scientific knowledge and its capacity to understand social processes, since the "scientific" variable within national projects marks time from the older order to the new "mental emancipation" order. The social, political and ideological conception of both systems is analyzed, and contrasts are established. The repercussions of the unilateral relation with positivist philosophy in the Bolivarian revolution are analyzed and construed, thus addressing the reappearance of the caudillo in the new foundation of the "Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela," the figure of the caudillo as a variant of political personalism, itscurren extension and why this theory does not stem from the doctrinal symbiosis between positivism and evolutionism, though the latter may justify the existence of Latin American caudillos. Finally, a contrastis established between the notions of "necessary gendarme" and of "doctrinal democracy"; the "spirit of the figure of the caudillo" and Latin American under development are correlated with the limitations and contradictions of the "Bolivarian revolution" led by Chávez in Venezuela.

У статті представленo результати науково-педагогічного досліджен-ня, метою якого було виявлення освітніх стратегій, що використовуються урядом Мексики як механізми для інтеграції сільськогосподарських робітників-мігрантів в трудове життя в нинішніх соціально-економічних умовах. Дослідження показало, що такими навчальними стратегіями є Програми Національної ради для життя і праці та Національного інституту освіти дорослих, Центри базової освіти для дорослих, Центри для шкільної освіти, Програма забезпечення освіти дорослих, Програма забезпечення освіти сільськогосподарських робітників-мігрантів, Програма «Можли-вості», культурні місії. Проекти уряду Мексики щодо освіти сільсько-господарських робітників-мігрантів є далекосяжними, проте статистика свідчить, що в 2012 році, число молоді та дорослих, які набули початкової та/або середньої освіти, було всього 4222 особи, що становило 13,69% від загальної чисельності неписьменного населення країни.В статье представлены результаты научно-педагогического исследования, целью которого было определение образовательных стратегий, используемых правительством Мексики в качестве механизма для интеграции сельскохозяйственных работников-мигрантов в социально-трудовую жизнь в современных социально-экономических условиях. Исследование показало, что такими образовательными стратегиями являются Программы Национального Совета для жизни и труда и Национального института образования взрослых, Центры базового образования для взрослых, Центры для школьного образования, Программа обеспечения образования взрослых, Программа обеспечения образования сельскохозяйственных работников-мигрантов, Программа «Возможности», культурные миссии. Проекты правительства Мексики по образованию сельскохозяйственных работников-мигрантов выглядят далеко идущими, однако статистика свидетельствует, что в 2012 году, число взрослых, которые получили начальное и среднее образование, составило всего 4222 человека (13,69% от общей численности неграмотного населения страны).This paper states that the historical origin of the societies of Latin America since the beginning marks the emergence of a dichotomous parallelism, resulting from the overlap of cultures that occurred from the duality of values, social structures and political and administrative systems. The article presents the results of a pedagogical scientific study which aim was to reveal the educational strategies used by Mexican government as mechanisms for integration of migrant farm workers into the working life in the current socio-economic conditions. The Mexican socio-educational programs for migrant farm workers are based in the theory of marginality. The study presents marginality as a social phenomenon that has flourished in the twenty-first century world, however, is the subject of numerous international studies since the early twentieth century. The study showed that educational strategies are part of the Programs of National Council for Life and Work and the National Institute for Adult Education, the Centers for Adult Basic Education, the Centers for School Education, the Program for Care of Demand of Adult Education, the Program of Care for Migrant Farm Workers, the Opportunities Program, and the Cultural Missions.The scope of the purpose of migrant farm workers education in Mexico is far-reaching and is represented in three major areas: encourage self-responsibility and the process of self-realization of the individual, appropriate cultural and vocational training; promote and raise the cultural, professional and social status of the population; training to enable higher levels of efficient production and increase the corresponding income to raise the standard of living and a fair distribution of goods. The study showed that it is also worth noting the diversity of educational opportunities for migrant farm workers. Statistics show that in 2012, the number of marginal youth and adults who concluded primary and/or secondary school was only 4222 people, representing 13.69% of the total population with potential educational backwardness.