Suchergebnisse

Once effective coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are developed, they will be scarce. This presents the question of how to distribute them fairly across countries. Vaccine allocation among countries raises complex and controversial issues involving public opinion, diplomacy, economics, public health, and other considerations. Nevertheless, many national leaders, international organizations, and vaccine producers recognize that one central factor in this decision-making is ethics (1, 2). Yet little progress has been made toward delineating what constitutes fair international distribution of vaccine. Many have endorsed ?equitable distribution of COVID-19?vaccine? without describing a framework or recommendations (3, 4). Two substantive proposals for the international allocation of a COVID-19 vaccine have been advanced, but are seriously flawed. We offer a more ethically defensible and practical proposal for the fair distribution of COVID-19 vaccine: the Fair Priority Model.The Fair Priority Model is primarily addressed to three groups. One is the COVAX facility?led by Gavi, the World Health Organization (WHO), and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI)?which intends to purchase vaccines for fair distribution across countries (5). A second group is vaccine producers. Thankfully, many producers have publicly committed to a ?broad and equitable? international distribution of vaccine (2). The last group is national governments, some of whom have also publicly committed to a fair distribution (1).These groups need a clear framework for reconciling competing values, one that they and others will rightly accept as ethical and not just as an assertion of power. The Fair Priority Model specifies what a fair distribution of vaccines entails, giving content to their commitments. Moreover, acceptance of this common ethical framework will reduce duplication and waste, easing efforts at a fair distribution. That, in turn, will enhance producers' confidence that vaccines will be fairly allocated to benefit people, thereby motivating an increase in vaccine supply for international distribution. ; Fil: Emanuel, Ezekiel J. University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos ; Fil: Persad, Govind. University of Denver.; Estados Unidos ; Fil: Kern, Adam. University of Princeton; Estados Unidos ; Fil: Buchanan, Allen. University of Arizona; Estados Unidos ; Fil: Fabre, Cécile. All Souls College; Reino Unido ; Fil: Halliday, Daniel. University of Melbourne; Australia ; Fil: Heath, Joseph. University of Toronto; Canadá ; Fil: Herzog, Lisa. University of Groningen; Países Bajos ; Fil: Leland, R. J. University of Manitoba; Canadá ; Fil: Lemango, Ephrem T. No especifíca; ; Fil: Luna, Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales; Argentina ; Fil: McCoy, Matthew S. University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos ; Fil: Norheim, Ole F. University of Bergen; Noruega ; Fil: Ottersen, Trygve. Norwegian Institute Of Public Health; Noruega ; Fil: Schaefer, G. Owen. Yong Loo Lin School Of Medicine; Singapur ; Fil: Tan, Kok-Chor. University of Pennsylvania; Estados Unidos ; Fil: Wellman, Christopher Heath. Washington University in St. Louis; Estados Unidos ; Fil: Wolff, Jonathan. University of Oxford; Reino Unido ; Fil: Richardson, Henry S. Kennedy Institute Of Ethics; Estados Unidos

This manual follows as nearly as practicable the form of Parsons' Code of civil procedure which, in effect, it supersedes. cf. Pref. ; Mode of access: Internet.

"Minute of dissent by Sir C. Sankaran Nair, dated 16th April 1919": v. 3, p. 51-64. ; "Minute of dissent, by Sir W.H. Vincent, member of the Governor-General's Executive Council, dated 23rd April 1919": v. 3, p. 18-21. ; "Views of the Government of India upon the reports of Lord Southborough's committees" signed: Chelmsford, C.C. Monro, C. Sankaran Nair, G.R. Lowndes, W.H. Vincent, J.S. Meston, T.H. Holland, R.A. Mant. ; Imprint varies: v. 1, London : H.M. Stationery Off., printed in India, 1919 [Calcutta : Printed by Supdt. Govt. Printing, India]; v. 2, London : H.M. Stationery Off., printed in India, 1919 [Delhi : Superintendent Government Printing, India, 1919]; v. 3, London : H.M. Stationery Off., 1919 : [Printed by Eyre and Spottiswoode, ltd.]. ; I. Report of the committee appointed by the Secretary of State for India to enquire into questions connected with the franchise and other matters relating to constitutional reforms (Chairman: Lord Southborough) -- II. Report of the committee appointed by the Secretary of State for India to enquire into questions connected with the division of functions between the central and provincial governments, and in the provincial governments between the executive council and ministers (Chairman: Mr. R. Feetham) -- III. Views of the government of India upon the reports of Lord Southborough's committees. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Includes letters from John Eliot, John Wilson, William Leverich, Anthony Bessey, Thomas Mayhew, John Endecott, William French and Thomas Allen. The Epistle dedicatory is signed by William Steele. "To the reader" signed: William Gouge [and seventeen others]. ; Reprint of: Strength out of weakness. Or A glorious manifestation of the further progresse of the gospel amongst the Indians in New-England. Held forth in sundry letters from divers ministers and others to the corporation established by Parliament for promoting the gospel among the heathen . since the late treatise to that effect, formerly set forth by Mr. Henry Whitfeld, late Pastor of Gilford in New-England / Published by the aforesaid corporation. London : Printed by M. Simmons for J. Blague and S. Howes, 1652. ; Publisher's device on title page. ; Title page in red and black. ; "Edition 250 copies, of which 50 are on large paper." ; Half title: Further progress of the gospel among the Indians in New England. 1652. ; Mode of access: Internet.

"Direttore del coro, Signor Bruschetti Antonio"--p. [8]. ; "Inventore e compositore de' balli, signor Henri Luigi"--p. [6]. ; UNC Italian Opera Libretto Collection. ; "Personaggi: ALESSANDRO. Signor Giovanni David; PORO. Signora Brigida Lorenzani; CLEOFIDE. Signora Stefanìa Favelli; TIMAGENE. Signor Felice Botelli; GANDARTE. Signor Lorenzo Lombardi"--p. [5]. ; Half-title, "La finta militare per gelosia : ballo comico / di composizione del Sig. G.B. Giannini"--p. 51; choreographer's foreword--p. 53; "Personaggi: LA CONTESSA MATILDE. Signora Bencini Giuditta; IL CONTE AURELIO. Signor Catte Effizio; LA BARONESSA ADELAIDE. Signora Terzani Catterina; IL BARONE DEL DENTE. Signor Alleva Antonio; ANSELMO. Signor Maesani Antonio; MAMMOZIA. Signora Viganò Celeste; ANNETTA. Signora Terzani Francesca; NARDONE. Signor Appiani Antonio"--p. 55; scenario--57-58. ; Half-title, "Le amazzoni : azione mimica in cinque atti / composta e diretta dal Sig. Luigi Henry"--p. 23; choreographer's foreword--p. 25-26; "Personaggi: ORIZIA. Signora Conti Maria; ANTIOPE. Signora Bencini Giuditta; EROPE. Signora Ceserani Adelaide; TESEO. Signor Molinari Nicola"--p. 27; "Le scene sono nuove eseguite dal signor Alessandro Sanquirico"--p. 27; scenario--p. 29-33. ; Other members of the ballet troupe are named--p. [8]. ; "Primi ballerini serii: Signora Heberlé Teresa; Sig. Rozier Gio.; Signora Conti Maria"--p. [8]. ; Two acts; "Argomento"--p. [3]; ballet descriptions--23-33, 51-58. ; "Primo violino, capo d'orchestra, Sig. Rolla Alessandro"--p. [7]. ; "Maestro al cembalo, Sig. Lavigna Vincenzo"--p. [7]. ; "Capi sarti, da uomo, Sig. Rossetti Antonio; da donna, Sig. Majoli Antonio"--p. [8]. ; "Direttrice della sartoria, Signora Cervi Rosa"--p. [8]. ; "Macchinista, Signor Pavesi Gervaso"--p. [8]. ; "La musica è del signor Pacini, maestro di cappella alla corte di S.A.R. l' infante di Spagna, duca di Lucca; e socio corrispondente dell' Accademia di Scienze ed Arti di Napoli"--p. [5]. ; "Le scene sono nuove eseguite dal signor Alessandro Sanquirico"--p. [5]. ; Libretto by G. Schmidt, after Metastasio, titled Alessandro nelle Indie.--Grove Music Online, "Pacini, Giovanni: Works." ; "Editore della musica, Signor Ricordi Giovanni"--p. [8]. ; Mode of access: Internet.

"Herbs, shrubs, and trees"--v. 1, p. 85-135; "Regnum vegetabile"-- v. 1, p. 287-292; "An essay on the Chilian language"--v. 2, p. [285]-305. ; Appendix has special t.p.: An appendix to the civil and political history of Chili, consisting of a sketch of the Araucana of Don Alonzo de Ercilla, with copious translations from that poem, by William Hayley, esq. and the Rev. H. Boyd. New York : Published by Alsop, Brannan and Alsop, City-hotel, Broadway, 1808. ; Originally published as two separate works: Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili. Bologna, 1782; and Saggio sulla storia civile del Chili. Bologna, 1787. ; v. 1. The natural history of Chili -- v. 2. The civil history of Chili. ; Shaw & Shoemaker ; Mode of access: Internet.

[16], 40 p. ; Title within ornamental border. ; The dedication is signed: William Steele, president. ; "To the reader" is signed by W. Gouge and thirteeen others. ; Includes letters from John Eliot, John Wilson, William Leverich, Anthony Bessey, Thomas Mayhew, John Endecott, William French, and Thomas Allen. ; Reproduction of original in the John Carter Brown Library.

18 pags, 11 figs, 5 tabs ; Here, we illustrate what happens inside the catalytic cleft of an enzyme when substrate or ligand binds on single-millisecond timescales. The initial phase of the enzymatic cycle is observed with near-atomic resolution using the most advanced X-ray source currently available: the European XFEL (EuXFEL). The high repetition rate of the EuXFEL combined with our mix-and-inject technology enables the initial phase of ceftriaxone binding to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis β-lactamase to be followed using time-resolved crystallography in real time. It is shown how a diffusion coefficient in enzyme crystals can be derived directly from the X-ray data, enabling the determination of ligand and enzyme-ligand concentrations at any position in the crystal volume as a function of time. In addition, the structure of the irreversible inhibitor sulbactam bound to the enzyme at a 66 ms time delay after mixing is described. This demonstrates that the EuXFEL can be used as an important tool for biomedically relevant research. ; This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center 'BioXFEL' through award STC-1231306, and in part by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under contract DESC0002164 (AO, algorithm design and development) and by the National Science Foundation under contract Nos. 1551489 (AO, underlying analytical models) and DBI-2029533 (AO, functional conformations). This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant No. 1450681 to JLO. The work was also supported by funds from the National Institutes of Health grant R01 GM117342-0404. Funding and support are also acknowledged from the National Institutes of Health grant R01 GM095583, from the Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery at ASU, from National Science Foundation award No. 1565180 and the US Department of Energy through Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. KAZ was supported by the Cornell Molecular Biophysics Training Program (NIH T32-GM008267). This work was also supported by the Cluster of Excellence 'CUI: Advanced Imaging of Matter' of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), EXC 2056, project ID 390715994. CFEL is supported by the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Program of the DFG, the 'X-probe' project funded by the European Union 2020 Research and Innovation Program under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement 637295, the European Research Council, 'Frontiers in Attosecond X-ray Science: Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXSIS)', ERC-2013-SyG 609920, and the Human Frontiers Science Program grant RGP0010 2017. This work is also supported by the AXSIS project funded by the European Research Council under the European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement No. 609920. ; Peer reviewed