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The United States has long been crowned one of the most powerful nations in the world. This power extends beyond economics and the military; the United States has significant cultural impact on global markets such as entertainment, fast food, and education. The Americanization of global education has been an underlying matter for years, causing the majority of international education to be primarily eurocentric and class based. Because of this, we see higher levels of education being limited to select groups, creating an unhealthy incentive for many students to Americanize their beliefs and education. As such, we have conducted a study to see the range of effects that this "filter" in education has on different groups of students. To do this, we have used archival research: looking into previous accounts of data such as SAT and AP test scores provided by the College Board as well as surveys provided to different target groups in order to perform a comparison between the effects of Americanization in the institute and the quality of education amongst international and American students. After examining our survey results, we found that there were linguistic, geographic, and financial disparities hindering international students from reaching the same academic success as American students. We also found that much of the global historical curriculum is emphasized on American history; for example, institutes in Asia focus more on American history than Asian history in history classes. Using the results from this research, we hope to bring light to the innate problems present in American education to the masses.

The Netherlands have a reasonably good reputation for global education in schools. However, the hardening socio-political climate and the deregulation of education policies give reason for concern. In this paper the authors try to open the black box on what is actually happening in schools in terms of global education, on the basis of case study research in two Dutch cities in 2003 and 2004 and explain current initiatives taken to support teachers in giving and priority to global issues and raising awareness about international issues. (DIPF/Orig.) ; Die Niederlande haben im Hinblick auf Globales Lernen in Schulen einen guten Ruf. Die Veränderungen des sozialpolitische Klimas und die Deregulierung der Bildungspolitik gegen jedoch Anlass zur Sorge. Bezug nehmend auf eine empirische Fallstudie in zwei Städten in den Niederlanden im Jahr 2003 und 2004 wird dargestellt, wie Globales Lernen in Schulen momentan umgesetzt wird. Zudem werden derzeitige Initiativen vorgestellt, durch die Lehrkräfte darin unterstützt werden, globalen Fragestellungen Vorrang zu geben und Bewusstsein für internationale Themen zu wecken. (DIPF/Orig.)

The development of global education as a grassroots movement for educational change has always been subject to the influences of prevailing economic and political forces. Perspectives are offered on how the formative years of global education in the United Kingdom and Canada were shaped, including the impacts of controversies and tensions among proponents and opposition from governments in power. A retrospective assessment of my experiences as a global educator during this period gives rise to some personal reflections on how my perceptions of global education have changed over time and some thoughts on how the movement might tackle some key challenges that inhibit its broader acceptance. In the current era of neoliberalism, it is argued that the visionary goals of global education are now more urgently needed in order to provide future decision makers with the tools required to make ethically sound judgments on matters that will determine the fate of humankind.

This innovative new handbook offers a comprehensive overview of the ways in which domestic education policy is framed and influenced by global institutions and actors. Surveys current debates about the role of education in a global polity, highlights key transnational policy actors, accessibly introduces research methodologies, and outlines global agendas for education reformIncludes contributions from an international cast of established and emerging scholars at the forefront of the field thoughtfully edited and organized by a team of world-renowned global education policy expertsEach section features a thorough introduction designed to facilitate readers' understanding of the subsequent material and highlight links to interdisciplinary global policy scholarshipWritten in an accessible and engaging style that will appeal to domestic and international policy practitioners, social scientists, and education scholars alike Karen Mundyis a Professor, Associate Dean of Research, and Canada Research Chair at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto, where she directs the Comparative, International and Development Education Centre (CIDEC). Her research has focuses on the global politics of 'education for all' programs and policies, education reform in sub-Saharan Africa, the role of civil society in the reform of educational systems, and the policy influence of international organizations, such as the World Bank, UNESCO and the WTO. A former president of the Comparative International Education Society, Dr. Mundy has published five books and more than four dozen articles and book chapters, and is a contributor to dozens of policy papers and reports. Andy Green is Professor of Comparative Social Science at UCL Institute of Education and Director of the ESRC Centre for Learning and Life Chances. A frequent consultant to international bodies, such as CEDEFOP, the European Commission, OECD and UNESCO, and to the UK government departments, Dr. Green has published eighteen books, including: Education, Globalization and the Nation State (1997); Regimes of Social Cohesion: Societies and the Crisis of Globalization (2014, with J.G. Janmaat) and Education and State Formation: Europe, East Asia and the USA (2013). He was elected an Academician of the UK Academy of Social Science in 2010. Bob Lingardis a Professorial Research Fellow in the School of Education at the University of Queensland, Australia. A Fellow of the Australian Academy of Social Sciences and Editor of the journal Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, Dr. Lingard has published twenty books, including most recently Globalizing Educational Policy(2010) (with Fazal Rizvi), Politics, Policies and Pedagogies in Education: The Selected Works of Bob Lingard(2014) and Globalizing Educational Accountabilities(2015) (with Wayne Martino, Goli Rezai-Rashti and Sam Sellar). He has also published more than one hundred journal articles and book chapters in the sociology of education. Antoni Vergeris a Senior Researcher in the Department of Sociology at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. A former post-doctoral researcher at the Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research of the University of Amsterdam, Dr. Verger research specializes on two main areas: the global governance of education and education privatization policies. He has published more than four dozen articles, book chapters and books on these themes, including WTO/GATS and the Global Politics of Higher Education(Routledge, 2010), and Global Education Policy and International Development: New Agendas, Issues and Programmes(Bloosmbury, 2012).

Foreword by Dr David Moinina Sengeh, Minister of Basic and Senior Secondary Education and Chief Innovation Officer, Sierra Leone, Chair of the GEM Report Advisory Board ; First edition published under ISBN 978-92-3-100493-3 ; Includes bibliography

The article explores the historical retrospective, theoretical, and applied aspects of the concept of global education. The necessity for a global economy and international communications transnational learning and transformation of leading universities at international scientific and educational complexes were justified on the basis of analytical and empirical material. It was identified of new educational policies of the UN, UNESCO and innovative forms and methods of integration of the EU in international educational space: accredited and validated programs franchised programs, dual and joint degrees with the use of E-learning and distance learning technologies. Application of methods structural and system analysis enabled to identify the main channels of international exchange of educational services, among which important allocate the cross-border supply, consumption abroad, commercial presence and providing services by individuals. It analyzes the main mechanisms, efficiency and quality of international education.

Who has the right and responsibility to determine the content of education about foreign affairs? Should the Department of Education (DOE) seek to influence what the schools and universities teach? These questions are the subject of a smoldering debate sparked by the regional office of the DOE in Denver, Colorado. Answers to them would tell us a great deal about the environment for making foreign policy.There can be no doubt that in the United States, knowledge of foreign policy problems is extremely low. Surveys regularly show that in comparison to students overseas, American students lag in their awareness of other cultures. In a study of 30,000 10- and 14-year-olds in nine countries, undertaken by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Americans ranked next to last in their comprehension of foreign cultures. According to a recent New York Times poll, 44 percent of Americans questioned did not know that the Soviet Union and the United States were allies during World War II. Only 14 percent of American respondents in the same poll were aware that the United States had joined Britain, France and Japan in the invasion of Russia to fight the Bolshevik forces in the civil war of 1917 ("Flawed," 1986). While there is also ignorance in the Soviet Union and other countries about the United States, the place to tackle the problem of provincialism is at home.

The Finnish Ministry for Foreign Affairs (MFA) has funded non-governmental organizations' projects for development communication and development education for over 30 years. The research topic of this thesis is founded on the idiosyncrasies of promoting and funding global education through the MFA. The Ministry for Foreign Affairs supports global education projects as a part of its development policy, with funds from development appropriations. The argument is, that for citizens to contribute to and monitor the discussion on development and development cooperation, skills and opportunities to learn about development cooperation are required. This rationale is aligned with international policies, for example, on the global partnership goal of United Nations' Millennium Development Goals. The theoretical investigation of this thesis is founded on development policy and global education policy. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the possible issues of promoting and funding global education projects as a part of development policy. Finnish global education projects funded by the MFA are under pressure of both development policy and global education policy. This thesis investigates the two policies and constructs a framework in which to analyse the development communication and global education instrument. The non-governmental organizations applying for funding need to articulate the aims of their global education project in alignment with Finnish development policy. The intention of the thesis is to find how global education and development policy are compatible, and what kind of issues this might involve. By researching project applications through a relevant framework, these questions can be made explicit. To answer these questions, this thesis consists of a qualitative, abductive content analysis of 17 global education projects from 15 different Finnish non-governmental organizations. Content analysis of this thesis is based on an interpretative, abductive process between the data and theory, from which new meaning can be extrapolated. The applications were approved for two-year funding by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, for the years 2012–2013 and 2013–2014. In relation to document research, this thesis utilizes Prior's (2008) framework on understanding documents both as a resource and as a topic. In this research, the applications are positioned within the theoretical framework of global education and development policy, which is established in the beginning of the thesis in a scholarly manner. A qualitative content analysis is then conducted, with approaching the documents through relevant categories for analysis. Converging themes, and justification for funding global education within the MFA, are present in the conceptualization of education for global responsibility. The idea of an imperative for global justice conjoins development policy together with global education, as presented in the project applications. Similarly, the idea of a shared partnership in development provides linkages to global education. However, the practice of development communication is more close to development policy. It is debatable whether development policy of the MFA is more suitable for projects of development awareness and campaigning. In this sense, promoting global education as a part of development policy fosters a certain kind of global education, which might lack a critical perspective. The findings of this thesis indicate that the Ministry for Foreign Affairs is a justifiable administrator of the development communication and education instrument. However, coining global education with development policy can influence approaches to global education. The funding instrument is based on MFA's development policy which focuses but also limits approaches to global education. Global education has been topical for the past decade in Finnish educational policy. It has also increased its foothold according to the 2016 national core curriculum draft and UNESCO suggestions for post-2015 education agenda on development. This thesis adds to the debate whether global education projects should be administrated through the Ministry for Foreign Affairs and what kind of issues this involves. ; Suomen ulkoasiainministeriö (UM) on rahoittanut kansalaisjärjestöjen viestintä- ja globaalikasvatusprojekteja jo yli 30 vuoden ajan. Tämän tutkielman aihe perustuu viestintä- ja globaalikasvatuksen tukemiseen ulkoministeriöstä käsin ja siihen liittyviin erikoispiirteisiin. Suomen ulkoasiainministeriö tukee globaalikasvatusprojekteja kehitysyhteistyövaroin osana UM:n kehityspolitiikkaa. Perusteluna tälle pidetään sitä, että kansalaisten tulee tietää kehitysyhteistyöstä voidakseen osallistua kehityspoliittiseen keskusteluun. Tämä vaatii taitoja ja mahdollisuuksia oppia kehitysyhteistyöstä, jotta kansalaiset voivat seurata ja valvoa kehitysyhteistyökeskustelua. Kyseinen päättely on myös linjassa kansainvälisesti hyväksyttyjen Yhdistyneiden kansakuntien vuosituhattavoitteiden kanssa. Tämän tutkielman tavoitteena on tarkastella mahdollisia kysymyksiä joita liittyy globaalikasvatusprojektien tukemiseen kehityspolitiikan osana. Suomalaiset globaalikasvatusprojektit joutuvat vastaamaan sekä kehityspolitiikan että globaalikasvatuksen haasteisiin. Tämä tutkielma hyödyntää kehityspolitiikan ja globaalikasvatuksen politiikkalinjauksia sekä käsitteitä, joista rakennetaan viitekehys viestintä- ja globaalikasvatustuen tarkasteluun. Kansalaisjärjestöt jotka hakevat rahoitusta globaalikasvatusprojekteihinsa, joutuvat seuraamaan Suomen kehityspolitiikan linjauksia. Tämä tutkielma ottaa selvää siitä miten globaalikasvatus ja kehityspolitiikka voivat olla yhteensopivia ja millaisia kysymyksiä niiden kohtaamiseen liittyy. Tutkimalla projektihakemuksia merkityksellisessä viitekehyksessä nämä kysymyksen voidaan tuoda näkyville. Vastatakseen näihin kysymyksiin, tämä Pro gradu -tutkielma sisältää kvalitatiivisen, abduktiivisen sisällönanalyysiin 17:stä globaalikasvatusprojektista 15:ltä eri kansalaisjärjestöltä. Tämän tutkielman sisällönanalyysi perustuu tulkinnalliseen, abduktiiviseen prosessiin tutkimusaineiston ja teorian välillä. Sisältöanalyysin avulla nostetaan esille uusia näkökulmia ja merkityksiä. Kaikki tutkielmassa käytetyt hankehakemukset hyväksyttiin kaksivuotiseen rahoitukseen vuosille 2012–2013 ja 2013–2014. Dokumenttien tutkimukseen (document research) liittyen tämä tutkielma hyödyntää Priorin (2008) viitekehystä, jossa dokumentit ymmärretään yhtäältä aineistoksi (resource) sekä toisaalta itse aiheeksi (topic). Tutkielmassa hankehakemukset on sijoitettu globaalikasvatuksesta ja kehityspolitiikasta muotoutuvaan teoreettiseen viitekehykseen. Tämä viitekehys on esitelty tutkielman alkupäässä. Aineisto on analysoitu kvalitatiivisella sisällönanalyysillä luokittelukategorioita apuna käyttäen. "Kasvatus globaaliin vastuuseen" on yksi merkittävä käsitteellistäminen, jossa yhteisiä teemoja ja oikeutuksia globaalikasvatuksen tukemiseen UM:n kehitysyhteistyövaroista esiintyy. Globaalin oikeudenmukaisuuden imperatiivi liittää kehityspolitiikan yhteen globaalikasvatuksen kanssa, tavalla joka esiintyy myös globaalikasvatusprojektien hankehakemuksissa. Samoin idea jaetusta kumppanuudesta kehitysyhteistyössä luo yhteyksiä globaalikasvatukseen. Toisin kuin globaalikasvatuksen kohdalla, kehitysviestintä on osa-alue joka liittyy lähemmin suoraan kehityspolitiikkaan. On aiheellista kysyä josko UM:n kehityspolitiikka soveltuu paremmin kehitystietouteen ja kampanjointiin liittyvien projektien tukemiseen, kuin globaalikasvatuksen tukemiseen. Globaalikasvatuksen tukeminen kehityspolitiikan osana mahdollistaa tietynlaisen globaalikasvatuksen tukemisen, josta saattaa puuttua kriittinen näkökulma. Tutkielman tulokset osoittavat että ulkoasiainministeriö on aiheellinen taho hallinnoimaa viestintä- ja globaalikasvatustukea. Kuitenkin, globaalikasvatuksen ja kehityspolitiikan liittäminen saattaa vaikuttaa tuettavien globaalikasvatusprojektien lähestymistapoihin. Tuki-instrumentti perustuu UM:n kehityspolitiikkaan, joka ohjaa sekä myös rajoittaa lähestymistä globaalikasvatukseen. Globaalikasvatus on ollut ajankohtainen aihe viime vuosikymmenellä suomalaisessa koulutuspolitiikassa. Globaalikasvatus on myös tullut näkyvästi esille uudessa 2016 opetussuunnitelman luonnoksessa ja UNESCO:n suosituksissa post-2015 agendalle. Tämä tutkielma osallistuu keskusteluun siitä, pitäisikö globaalikasvatusprojektien hallinnointi olla osana UM:n toimintaa ja siihen millaisia kysymyksiä tähän liittyy.

Intro -- Title Page -- Table of Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- List of Acronyms -- Introduction: The Globalization of Education Policy - Key Approaches and Debates -- Antecedents to Today's Global Education Policy -- Globalization and the Take-Off of Global Education Policy After 1975 -- New Approaches to the Study of Education Policy -- Convergence, Divergence, Coercion - Borrowing or Learning? -- Key Actors and Debated Issues in Global Education Policy -- Overview of the Volume -- References -- Part I: Education and a Global Polity -- Part I: Introduction -- Chapter 1: Educational Policies in the Face of Globalization -- The National State, Globalization, and the Expansion of Education -- Ideological Convergence -- Ideological Convergence or Changes in Reproducing State Legitimacy? -- National States, Global Convergence, and the Shape of Educational Change -- References -- Chapter 2: World Society and the Globalization of Educational Policy -- Talk and Action at the National Level -- Global Structure and Discourse -- Impact: Global Educational Policies -- The Global Educational Model -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: The Global Diffusion of Education Privatization -- Introduction -- The Multiple Faces of Privatization -- Main Approaches to Policy Diffusion -- The Politics and Semiotics of Policy Adoption -- Conclusion: The Politics and Semiotics of Policy Adoption -- References -- Chapter 4: Economic Growth in Developing Countries -- The Measurement of Human Capital in Economic Growth -- Improvement in School Attainment of Developing Countries -- Better Measures of the Human Capital Deficit in Developing Countries -- Varying Human Capital Approaches for Developing Countries -- Issues of Causation -- Some Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 5: Education, Poverty, and the "Missing Link".

This article discusses the state of global/development education in twelve Central and Eastern European countries. It is based on key findings and recommendations obtained from national global education seminars which took place in 2009/2010 with support of the North-South Centre of the Council of Europe and the European Commission. These seminars brought together different stakeholders with the aim to discuss the situation of global/development education (GE/DE) in the respective country and promote national policy recommendations and good practices. The reports have mainly been drafted by the NGDO Platforms in each respective country. (DIPF/Orig.) ; Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der aktuellen Lage des Globalen Lernens und der entwicklungspolitischen Bildungsarbeit in zwölf mittel- und osteuropäischen Ländern. Es werden dabei die Erkenntnisse und Empfehlungen von national durchgeführten Seminaren zum Globalen Lernen reflektiert, die mit Unterstützung des Nord-Süd-Zentrums des Europarates und der Europäischen Kommission 2009 und 2010 stattfanden. Die Seminare brachten unterschiedliche Stakeholder zusammen, um die Situation des Globalen Lernens und der entwicklungspolitischen Bildungsarbeit im jeweiligen Land zu diskutieren und nationale Strategien und good-practice Beispiele bekannt zu machen. Die jeweiligen Länderberichte wurden vor allem von NGO-Plattformen verfasst. (DIPF/Orig.)

This paper aims to reflect on the relationship between global and interculturaleducation. According to the "Global Education Charter" of the EuropeanCouncil, Global Education can be defined as the possibility/ability toeducate people to participate during their lives actively and responsibly inbuilding a global future in peace, in realizing an intercultural dialogue, insupporting education to beauty, and to the protection and preservation ofthe environment and of all living species. It means that Global Education isboth a theoretic perspective wider than "simple" intercultural education,and more directly connected with a global sensibility and with a deeperknowledge of planetary problems like migrations, wars, famine, structuralviolence, climatic change, ecologic disasters, human rights. It also implies atrue interdisciplinary approach which is really able to connect educationtheories to anthropological, sociological, political and epistemologicalmodels. ; Questo scritto intende riflettere sui rapporti tra la Global Education e lapedagogia interculturale. Partendo dalla "Global Education Charter" elaboratadal Consiglio Europeo, la Global Education può essere definite come lacapacità di educare le persone nel corso della loro vita a partecipare attivamentee responsabilmente alla costruzione di un futuro planetario all'insegnadella pace, del dialogo interculturale, dell'educazione al bello, dellatutela e della salvaguardia dell'ambiente e di tutte le specie viventi. Daquesto punto di vista è necessario sviluppare una sensibilità e unaconoscenza verso tematiche di ordine planetario – le migrazioni, le guerre,la fame, la povertà, la violenza strutturale, i disastri ambientali, il cambiamentoclimatico, i diritti umani, la democrazia – utilizzando una prospettivainterdisciplinare, capace di evidenziare fattori cruciali nella teorizzazionedella pedagogia: antropologico-formativi, socio-politici, epistemologico-culturali.

The permeation of information communication technology (ICT) in the educational sector cannot be underestimated. Currently, ICT integration in education is moving away from the traditional use of computers for administrative work and typing assignments to mobile learning, collaborative learning, fast sharing of information and gamification. In ideal educational set-ups at either elementary or tertiary levels, the benefits that come with ICT integration are enormous. On the other hand, the traditional challenges to quality education have never been dealt with in many educational institutions all over the world. The persistent challenge of teacher shortages, capacity and infrastructural inadequacies have ensured some educational institutions the world over churn out students who are illiterate or unable to favorably compete in the global job markets with those whose institutions are better endowed.The argument is that the above challenges can easily be solved by respective countries through public-private-people partnerships so long as there is political good will for the concerned governments. The single most current shortfall to education and the innovation in education is the lack of information ethics. This paper strives to highlight the issues surrounding this challenge as well as some suggestions on how it can be solved.