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This collection brings together leading international scholars and practitioners to provide a critical guide to penal systems across Europe. Each chapter forms a case study outlining the main contours of each national penal system, identifying and interpreting the combination of forces driving penal practice in that country. Through its exploration of twelve different Western and Eastern European countries, this collection identifies the national particularities, but also the commonalities and cross talk between penal systems, such as the overuse of imprisonment and the harsher sanctions against the poor when breaking the law. The book challenges this bias with a call for a more critical, public criminology, raising fundamental questions about how we justify and deliver punishment in Europe.

That abolitionism is alive and well in British academia can hardly be doubted after the publication of Joe Sim's Punishment and Prisons (2009) and Vincenzo Ruggiero's Penal Abolitionism (2010). Both are major contributions to critical penology written from explicitly abolitionist standpoints. The prospects of abolitionism as a social movement driving change, however, seem much less secure. The group No More Prisons, whose manifesto Sim (2009, 61) enthusiastically quotes, was sadly short-lived, and although groups promoting restorative justice have made modest headway, as has been indicated, there should be no doubt that criminal justice operates in the UK in a form consistent with its much criticized past. Sim's notion of utopia is typical of those who claim to be abolitionists or neo-abolitionists. Without denying the importance of Sim's argument, utopian dreaming is not the central or defining feature of present-day UK abolitionism. Adapted from the source document.

Discusses the evolution of the penal system in England & Wales with a focus on the causes & implications of specific changes. Beginning in the 1970s, critics addressed the inability of the system to rehabilitate prisoners. Despite the opposition mounted by the Prison Officers Assoc, a strong liberal political movement & the efforts of national & international prisoner's rights movements helped initiate reform during the late 1980s & early 1990s. Based on the social, psychological, & physical benefits of alternatives to traditional imprisonment, a 1990 White Paper & the 1991 Criminal Justice Act encouraged community-based rehabilitation & reduced sentence lengths. However, by 1993 the prison population began to skyrocket again, & it is argued that this was the result of political, economic, social, & media influence more than an actual increase in crime rates. The collective demonization of single mothers, young people, the homeless, drug addicts, illegal immigrants & the traditional criminal by media, political, & social forces led to the reinstitution of an authoritarian law & order regime. It is predicted that this authoritarian tradition may become the norm in the new European Union. 2 Tables, 82 References. T. Sevier

The government has recently announced plans to restructure the probation service in England and Wales and to expand the use of the volumary sector, and also of for profit agencies, in deafing with effenders. This article suggests that the rationale behind these changer is not mainly secure greater consistency or a more cost-effective services but primaris to croerve the probation service into delivering tougher alternatives to custody. Particular consideration is give to the proposed extension of the voluntary sector as a means of bypassing opposition within the statutory sector to harsher punishments; and to the future relationship between these sectors isthe government's poposals are translated into practice.

Intro -- Contents -- Foreword -- Introduction -- PART I THE CAPTAIN'S HAND -- Chapter 1 Space Battleship Yamato and the Burden of Command -- Chapter 2 Of X-Wings and Y-Wings A Brief History of the Galaxy -- Chapter 3 Adama's Unequal Dialogue -- Chapter 4 Earth Must Come First! -- Chapter 5 You're Not Ender Wiggins, and Th at's Okay -- Chapter 6 Princess Leia and the Strategic Art of Métis -- Chapter 7 Want to Know More? -- PART II THE FINAL FRONTIER -- Chapter 8 Yours Is the Superior -- Chapter 9 The Empire's New Hope -- Chapter 10 Graff 's Game -- Chapter 11 From Tactics to Galactic Grand Strategy -- Chapter 12 Where No Port Has Gone Before -- Chapter 13 Sun Tzu, Ender, and the Old Man -- PART III THE PRIME DIRECTIVE -- Chapter 14 All That You Touch You Change -- Chapter 15 Romulans and Remans -- Chapter 16 Are We Such Apostles of Mercy? -- Chapter 17 Beware the Beast Man -- Chapter 18 Flag Follows Trade -- Chapter 19 The Vice Admiral and the Flyboy -- Chapter 20 I Exist Only to Serve -- PART IV THE WAR OF THE WORLDS -- Chapter 21 One Voice in the Night -- Chapter 22 There's No Screaming in Space -- Chapter 23 The Final Frontier -- Chapter 24 Blood Lessons -- Chapter 25 You Rebel Scum! -- Chapter 26 Calm Men Who Deal Death Wholesale -- PART V THE RISE OF THE MACHINES -- Chapter 27 We Don't Serve Th eir Kind Here -- Chapter 28 Things We Learned From Captain Trips -- Chapter 29 Musings on the Murderbot -- Chapter 30 Man > -- Machine -- Chapter 31 You Can't Hide From the Th ngs You've Done -- PART VI THE DARK SIDE -- Chapter 32 The Mark of Locutus -- Chapter 33 From Darth Vader to Dark Helmet -- Chapter 34 To Live and Die at My Command -- Chapter 35 The Mirror Crack'd -- Contributors -- Index.

The nature & impacts of various forms of penal system organization across Western Europe are discussed, focusing on both traditional forms of incarceration & the alternatives utilized by various countries. Different penal sanctions are related to gender, class, race, sentence, & offense variables. Beginning in the 1970s & achieving institutionalization in recent years, a number of trends have characterized the European penal system: increased & intensified discussion of disciplinary issues, moves toward authoritarian law & order, & the erosion of welfare states. It is concluded that alternatives to the increased authority & control of penal systems are available & necessary. 53 References. T. Sevier