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This article is the result of a research project conducted in the academic context. Its aim was to analyze how the students of the Area Andina University Foundation conceive relations of friendship, relationships and management of conflicts outside the classroom. It was developed under a psychosocial approach of qualitative and exploratory, not comparative, type with application of the method of mixed focus groups with a population of 48 students, between 18 and 25 years, enrolled in the third semester of the Faculty of Health Sciences: Nursing, Respiratory Therapy Optometry programs and the School of Design, Communication and Fine Arts, with programs: Graphic Design, Fashion Design, Culinary and Gastronomy in Bogotá. It was divided in three investigation phases. The first phase is about, conceptual approach to the subject. The second phase is about, analysis and interpretation of results decanted through the voices of young people, determining the categories of friendship, family and conflict management. In the last phase, discussion, conclusions and recommendations.

The Indian government initiated "Cleanliness Survey" of Indian cities in 2014 to promote clean cities. Under this initiative cities are ranked based on certain parameters. Indore city was ranked poorly at 149 in 2014 survey. The newly appointed Indore Municipal Corporation commissioner was confronted with the task of turning around the situation. The task was huge, required meticulous planning and flawless execution to achieve the mission. To the surprise of many including the citizens of the city, Indore achieved no. 1 rank in the cleanliness survey, 2017. We discuss the challenges faced by the Indore Municipal Corporation authorities, the response to these challenges, and critical success factors and make recommendations to sustain the top rank. Indore's success was a result of several activities that constitute a part of public affairs. The study identifies change management, corporate social responsibility, employee communications, external communication, and stakeholder management as important organizational activities that contributed in Indore's success. Learning from the study may be useful for urban local bodies and governments in other developing countries.

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the relationship between workplace use of social media, collaboration and Gen Y employees' engagement.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 209 Indian Gen Y employees from information technology industry participated in the survey. Structural equation modelling is used to test the research hypotheses.FindingsFindings reveal that social media has a significant positive effect on collaboration, which leads to Gen Y employees' perceived learning, in turn impacting Gen Y employees' engagement.Research limitations/implicationsFindings suggest a social media-enabled approach of collaboration to satisfy Gen Y employees' perceived learning leading to their engagement. However, this study only examines the employees' perspective; it will be prudent to examine management perspective as well in future studies.Practical implicationsOrganisations must integrate social media into their talent management strategy.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature in human resources pertaining to social media as an asset to promote collaboration and develops a linkage between social media and Gen Y employees' engagement via perceived learning.

The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in the public budgets in Santana de Parnaíba, during the years of 2013 and 2014. The methodology used in this study started from the existing Laws, academic publications, followed by research on the electronic site. The analytical bases were those in the Transparency Index of Municipal Public Management (ITGP-M), followed by exploratory researches with the responsible for preparing the public budget. The study reveals that in the year 2014 were proposed 31 Decrees, which the amounting of R$ 129 million in additional credits. The same happened in the year 2013, R$119 million. The Municipal Secretaries of Education and Health received together 70.52% of the funds. The justifications given by the responsible officers regarding these supplementary credits were not compatible with acts of good management, since the changes were occurred in the early months of each year, characterizing, at least, an inadequate planning. The evidence of inadequate practices, generate questions and send warning signals that is an indicative of monitoring the municipal budget.

BACKGROUND: Although it has shown
multiple benefits in preoperative fracture planning, 3D
impressions have not been routinely implemented due to
difficult access. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A pilot study was
conducted with 10 patients with a diagnosis of distal
radius fracture and need for surgical management. Patients
were evaluated by radiography, tomography with 3D
reconstruction and stereolithography prior to their
surgical management. The editing of TAC images was done
using the 3D SLICER® program for printing on thermoplastic
material and finally a questionnaire of satisfaction was
made to doctors and patients. RESULTS: 3D models of distal
radius fractures were performed preoperatively. 100% of the
patients clearly understood the severity of their
condition. Doctors, reported a 42% improvement in fracture
classification, 90% referred to 3D printing as a useful
preoperative tool. CONCLUSIONS: 3D impressions promise to
be a tool not only for a better understanding and
classification of distal radius fractures, but also for a
better understanding by our patients.

Societies emerging from ethno-political and inter-communal conflict face a range of complex problems that stem directly from the recent lived experience of bloodshed and injury, militarisation, securitisation and segregation. As institutional agents in such an environment, public managers perform the dual role of both interpreting public policy and implementing it within a politically contested space and place. In this article, we address how managers cope with the outworking of ethno-nationalist conflict and peace building within government processes and policy implementation and contend this is a subject of emerging concern within the wider public administration, urban studies and conflict literature. Using data from a witness seminar initiative on the Northern Ireland conflict transformation experience, we explain how public sector managers make sense of their role in post-agreement public management and highlight the importance of three identified mechanisms; 'bricolage', 'diffusion' and 'translation' in the management of public sector organisations and urban spaces in a context of entrenched conflict and an uncertain path to peace.

Abstract
The article explores the distribution of mass media content by the online audience that connects by using the different social platforms, such as Facebook, Twitter and WhatsApp. The focus is on the new and developing concept of user-distributed content (UDC). From the viewpoint of media organizations, UDC is a process by which the mass media converge with online social networks through the intentional use of social media services and platforms in an effort to expand the distribution of media content. UDC does not have a long trajectory as a study object in media studies. The study suggests that practices related to UDC can be more strongly incorporated into management and journalism in mainstream media organizations, and that the distribution of media content can rely increasingly on the communication structures among the online audience. In the review of the UDC practices, complimented with interviews with Spanish and Finnish journalists, practitioners can find keys for a better understanding of audience management as part of the content distribution process.

This paper traces the career of Michael Jensen, a Chicago finance PhD turned Harvard Business School professor to reveal the intellectual and social conditions that enabled the emergence and institutionalization of what we call the "neoliberal common sense of capital," what others have called the "shareholder value" view of the American firm. Jensen's work was embraced by a generation of corporate raiders aggressively advancing new financial practices and discourses. His contribution, commonly understood as "agency theory," was intertwined with the transformations in corporate management and governance of the last decades of the twentieth century—from the junk bond market in the 1980s to the exponential growth of CEO pay in the 1990s to the shareholder value management strategies of the 2000s. While debates about the spread of neoliberal ideas and governance tools have largely centered on the transformations of the state and international institutions or the role of actively organized intellectual networks, this essay emphasizes the importance of identifying specific carriers of particular transformations within the space of American "business discourse."

ABSTRACT
Anecdotal evidence shows that multinational enterprises (MNEs) encounter difficulty in imposing their cost-accounting standards internationally because foreign subsidiaries prefer to follow their local cost-accounting traditions. Although prior research has revealed cross-national differences in management accounting, particularly between anglophone and German-speaking countries, the determinants and consequences for cost-accounting systems in foreign subsidiaries of MNEs are largely unexplored. This study therefore investigates the design of cost-accounting systems in German subsidiaries of anglophone MNEs. The empirical results reveal that anglophone cost-accounting traditions prevail in two-thirds of anglophone subsidiaries. Based on new institutional sociology, this study explores the determinants and identifies strong coercive pressures by anglophone parent companies, suggesting that anglophone MNEs standardize their cost-accounting systems globally using their home country cost-accounting traditions. The results also show that both management accountants and managers in German subsidiaries of anglophone MNEs assess their cost-accounting system as worse when it is shaped by anglophone traditions. Managerial implications are discussed.

Objective: To examine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for treatment evidence for Black male adolescents suffering from comorbid mental illness and diabetes mellitus. Method: A review of the studies published in English-language journals was conducted. Results: We found no RCT focused on Black males with diabetes mellitus Type 2 (DMT2). However, we found RCT inclusive of Black male adolescents with diabetes mellitus Type 1 (DMT1). Multisystemic therapy appears to be the best supported overall treatment for DMT1 management and psychosocial functioning followed by an enhanced form of behavioral family systems therapy for diabetics. Metformin was the only treatment in this review noted for use within DMT2. Metformin and a nursing-based telephone case management intervention realized utility as secondary services. Conclusions: There are gaps present for what effectively treats comorbid mental illness and DMT2 in Black male adolescents. For comorbid mental illness and DMT1, there are gaps in additional efficacious treatments, effectiveness across conditions, and effect duration beyond 24 months.

The Micro and Small Enterprises need to implement a cost accounting management system as a basic element that allows the determination of costs of production of goods and services, for decision making and establishing the sales price that allows Compete in the market with your competition. In this context, the objective of the research is to determine the importance of the application of the cost-based method of activities (ABC) in the accounting of costs in the Micro and Small Enterprise of the Republic of Ecuador. For this purpose, a documentary review of the research carried out on accounting and costing in the MyPES was used as methodology. It is causal. The study considers a population of 972,846 and a sample of 22,919 micro enterprises. The results show that the use of cost accounting is related to management accounting; Occurs in manufacturing companies with a higher degree than in commercial and service companies, and it is likely that the ABC method has been applied in the calculation of costs by SMEs.

AbstractThis article addresses the question of how exogenous shocks led to economic redistribution at a local rural community level in the pre‐industrial period, and how inequality can be limited (or not) by institutions and endogenous social structures within the community itself. This article presents a micro‐analytical study conducted mainly on unpublished sources, focusing on a boundary area (the Geradadda) disputed by Milan and Venice during the long period of the Italian Wars (1494–1559) in a broad European perspective. To understand the impact of wars, the management of local commons and communal assets is analysed in the more general context of the management of local finances. This research shows how local communities organized cooperative behaviours for the defence of local resources, developing innovative credit systems and encouraging a process of redistribution. Before other important factors—such as the distribution of wealth or of local political and social power—cooperation between social groups and the role played by elites were the keystones to limiting the increase in inequality.

The paper overviews the basic ideas of the book by N. V. Smorodinskaya. It focuses on some definite as well as still not so definite changes in world pubic and economic structures. The main vector of the research is reorganization of today's pubic and economic structures and establishing a net structure on this basis. The author follows these processes beginning with the first steps of forming a net structure. She examines the logic of changes of rigid hierarchical models of management and coordination of the free market for horizontal and net forms of organization. A new institutional space rests upon developed net interactions. Two main trends are in the focus of the author's attention. First, collaboration phenomenon on all the levels of economy including so called "triple helix", i.e., collaboration of the state, science and business. Second, cluster nets, i.e., orga- nization and management of collaboration. The cluster-net approach in industrial policy all over the world and topicality of such approach for modernization of Russian economy are presented in the monograph too.

AbstractThis study adapts a climate change mitigation model to assess impacts of municipal solid wastes in the Middle East and North Africa region, taking into account the future development of integrated waste management infrastructure involving collection, treatment and disposal. Mitigated and unmitigated disposal scenarios including waste growth reduction are used to estimate disposal methane emission changes at regional and subregional level. This study shows that unmitigated regional emissions by 2050 could rise to 296 542 GgCO2eq from a current level in 2015 of 128 184 GgCO2eq additionally decreasing annually by up to 8.75% falling to 10.16% due to waste characterisation changes as developing countries in the region progress to developed country status. A further annual rise, due to hotter drier climate conditions experienced as desertification, of up to a range of 1.70% increasing to 2.29% is also demonstrated. The findings enable regional planners to better assess and develop plans for implementation of integrated waste management policies.

Azraq, a new camp for Syrian refugees in the Jordanian desert, presents an unprecedented integration of humanitarian service delivery and harsh security measures. I argue that Azraq's 'innovative' order can only be explained in reference to three security claims that international refugee aid answers to: the claim to secure Syrian refugees, the claim to secure the Jordanian state and the claim to secure aid workers. Implementing these claims entails contradictory practices, which should create dilemmas for humanitarian aid, yet in Azraq these practices merge with each other. This merging (or integration) is aided by the humanitarian sector's eager embrace of hi-tech solutions, especially digital data management. The article contributes to the growing debate about how security is articulated in the humanitarian arena by placing this debate's key findings into conversation within a richly researched study of Azraq's 'material assemblage' (Hilhorst and Jansen, 2010; Meiches, 2015). Further, the article emphasizes the importance of the under-researched area of aid organizations' own security management.