Suchergebnisse

Introduction --The Constitution and the administrative state --Statutory constraints on agency procedure --Scope of review of agency action --Constitutional constraints on agency procedure --Timing and availability of judicial review --Appendix A.The Constitution of the United States --Appendix B.The Administrative Procedure Act --Appendix C.Government records and meetings --Appendix D.Executive orders.

Introduction The enforcement of Islamic law in Indonesia has experienced ups and downs along with the political laws imposed by state power. Even behind all that, is rooted in the socio-cultural forces that interact in the political decision-making process. Nevertheless, Islamic law has progressed continuously. both through political infrastructure and political superstructure with the support of the socio-cultural force. Keywords: Islamic Law, Indonesia

Planning law is defined and its historical development in Nigeria from the Town Improvements Ordinance Order 1863 onwards is described. The Land Use Act 1978, legislation directed towards tenure regulation, and its implementation are discussed. Procedures for compliance with planning law are explained, together with development control and enforcement provisions. The divergence between planning law in theory and practice is discussed. (DSE)

Refugee law faces a serious crisis in Europe. This crisis highlights the need to explain the following questions: What is the relationship between refugee law and immigration policy? How much immigration do States need to tolerate for moral and practical reasons even if they do not wish any immigration? The general legal principle of necessity offers a useful theoretical basis for refugee law. Necessity explains the conditions under which it would be unfair to fight off unwanted immigrants by deportation and punishment. Necessity also explains the conditions under which a restrictive immigration policy is not feasible at a reasonable cost versus desperate individuals. It follows that necessity overrules a restrictive immigration policy and qualifies as a robust explanation of the purpose of a fair refugee policy. This study explores the consequences of the theory of necessity for the interpretation of key concepts of refugee law (persecution, well-founded fear, reasons of persecution, asylum) and concludes that a generous refugee practice can be conceived and logically justified even if a restrictive immigration policy is a political reality