Suchergebnisse

In diesem Artikel wird der Nordische Gewerkschaftsrat (NFS) vorgestellt. Der NFS wurde 1972 mit dem Ziel gegründet, die Zusammenarbeit zwischen den nordischen Gewerkschaften zu stärken. Zur gleichen Zeit waren einige nordische Länder dabei, sich der, wie sie damals noch genannt wurde, Europäischen Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft (EWG) anzuschließen. Gleichzeitig spielten die Gewerkschaften aus diesen Ländern eine aktive Rolle bei der Gründung des Europäischen Gewerkschaftsbundes (EGB). In den vergangenen Jahren hat sich die Arbeit des NFS noch mehr europäischen Themen zugewandt, und die Zusammenarbeit vor allem mit Gewerkschaften in den baltischen Staaten wurde verstärkt. Die politischen Entwicklungen in Europa hatten somit einen großen Einfluß auf die nordischen Gewerkschaften, sie definierten ihre Beziehungen neu und verstärkten ihre transnationalen Aktivitäten. (Transfer / FUB)

This Note posits two recommendations. First, in order to harmonize the bad faith standards applied in Kallevig and Gingrich, the Kallevig reasonable justification standard should be applied in situations involving questions similar to those confronted by the Gingrich court. Second, this Note contends that the Kallevig court's analysis imposing liability under the CPA was defective because it failed to take proper account of the frequency requirement within the unfair trade practices regulations. By ignoring the frequency provision, the Kallevig decision allows inconsistent treatment of similar factual situations depending on whether the decision is being made by an agency or judicial body. As such, the legislature should review the appropriateness of a frequency requirement for determining unfair business practices. If its review establishes the appropriateness of this requirement, the legislature should amend the unfair business practices statute to prevent a single violation of the unfair trade practices regulations from serving as the basis for CPA liability.

This article analyzes co-regulation as a policy instrument that makes it possible to achieve synergy between public support and private efforts in the food sector to improve the nutritional quality of the food offer. Our objective is to demonstrate the interest and the limits, as well as the conditions of the efficiency of this instrument, through the empirical analysis of the French voluntary agreements for nutritional improvements (charters) implemented in the framework of the French National Nutrition and Health Program (PNNS). We propose an interpretative model of the policy action on the nutritional quality of the food offer set out in the PNNS and we carry out new indicators of success to assess the efficiency of voluntary agreements in the food sector. ; Cet article analyse la co-régulation en tant qu'instrument politique permettant de réaliser une synergie entre les initiatives publiques et les efforts privés dans le secteur alimentaire pour améliorer la qualité nutritionnelle de l'offre alimentaire. Notre objectif est de démontrer l'intérêt et les limites, ainsi que les conditions d'efficience de cet instrument, à travers l'analyse empirique des accords volontaires français d'amélioration nutritionnelle (chartes) mis en place dans le cadre du Programme National Nutrition et Santé. (PNNS). Nous proposons un modèle interprétatif de l'action politique sur la qualité nutritionnelle de l'offre alimentaire définie dans le PNNS et nous présentons de nouveaux indicateurs de succès pour évaluer l'efficience des accords volontaires dans le secteur alimentaire.

This article analyzes co-regulation as a policy instrument that makes it possible to achieve synergy between public support and private efforts in the food sector to improve the nutritional quality of the food offer. Our objective is to demonstrate the interest and the limits, as well as the conditions of the efficiency of this instrument, through the empirical analysis of the French voluntary agreements for nutritional improvements (charters) implemented in the framework of the French National Nutrition and Health Program (PNNS). We propose an interpretative model of the policy action on the nutritional quality of the food offer set out in the PNNS and we carry out new indicators of success to assess the efficiency of voluntary agreements in the food sector. ; Cet article analyse la co-régulation en tant qu'instrument politique permettant de réaliser une synergie entre les initiatives publiques et les efforts privés dans le secteur alimentaire pour améliorer la qualité nutritionnelle de l'offre alimentaire. Notre objectif est de démontrer l'intérêt et les limites, ainsi que les conditions d'efficience de cet instrument, à travers l'analyse empirique des accords volontaires français d'amélioration nutritionnelle (chartes) mis en place dans le cadre du Programme National Nutrition et Santé. (PNNS). Nous proposons un modèle interprétatif de l'action politique sur la qualité nutritionnelle de l'offre alimentaire définie dans le PNNS et nous présentons de nouveaux indicateurs de succès pour évaluer l'efficience des accords volontaires dans le secteur alimentaire.

This article analyzes co-regulation as a policy instrument that makes it possible to achieve synergy between public support and private efforts in the food sector to improve the nutritional quality of the food offer. Our objective is to demonstrate the interest and the limits, as well as the conditions of the efficiency of this instrument, through the empirical analysis of the French voluntary agreements for nutritional improvements (charters) implemented in the framework of the French National Nutrition and Health Program (PNNS). We propose an interpretative model of the policy action on the nutritional quality of the food offer set out in the PNNS and we carry out new indicators of success to assess the efficiency of voluntary agreements in the food sector. ; Cet article analyse la co-régulation en tant qu'instrument politique permettant de réaliser une synergie entre les initiatives publiques et les efforts privés dans le secteur alimentaire pour améliorer la qualité nutritionnelle de l'offre alimentaire. Notre objectif est de démontrer l'intérêt et les limites, ainsi que les conditions d'efficience de cet instrument, à travers l'analyse empirique des accords volontaires français d'amélioration nutritionnelle (chartes) mis en place dans le cadre du Programme National Nutrition et Santé. (PNNS). Nous proposons un modèle interprétatif de l'action politique sur la qualité nutritionnelle de l'offre alimentaire définie dans le PNNS et nous présentons de nouveaux indicateurs de succès pour évaluer l'efficience des accords volontaires dans le secteur alimentaire.

The purpose of the study was to establish to what extent Thai co-operatives are conforming to the seven International Co-operative Principles. Information was collected through mixed method research, gathering both qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data were collected via interview from 30 knowledgeable experienced stakeholders of Thai co-operatives, with information recorded for later analysis. Quantitative data were collected via a survey involving 300 co-operative organisations from seven categories of enterprise, taking relevant samples, and was analysed together with the data from interviews with member stakeholders. Analysis also utilised descriptive statistics, namely: frequency, percentages, averages, and standard deviation. Results revealed that Thai co-operatives were in compliance with all seven principles to a reasonably high standard in the following order of statistical significance: 2nd (highest), 7th, 1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th (lowest). From these findings, it is recommended that Thai co-operative leaders strive for continued improvements, developing higher standards and consistency among their members and staff to achieve greater parity with the International Principles and the worldwide co-operative business community. This can be facilitated through better education, extension of knowledge, personal development, and encouragement for staff and members. It is also suggested that the government provide additional support for co-operatives in working together to achieve a common goal.

This study analyses the promotion of public health, social inclusion, and environmental sustainability in two Norwegian cities through the co-production of outdoor equipment-lending outlets. Building on seminal insights from Elinor Ostrom, we investigate how the co-production of equipment-lending initiatives can bridge the divide between government, civil society, and the market. Engaging citizens in outdoor activities to promote public health, social inclusion and sustainability is a political focus area in Norway, but the activities often demand access to expensive equipment. Since the 1990s, many Norwegian municipalities have organised lending outlets for outdoor equipment, often relying on volunteer work. The emergence of BUA, a nationwide NGO aimed at engaging children and youth in outdoor activities, added the goal of environmental sustainability as a foundation for equipment-lending outlets. Additionally, it became a catalyst for the articulation of a diverse array of partnerships for the co-production of equipment lending as a public service. This study draws on fieldwork and in-depth interviews with users, staff, volunteers, and institutional partners at two lending outlets, in Kolbotn and Tromsø, in south-eastern and northern Norway. We focus on the co-production of BUA as a public service and discuss how the interplay of various actors leads to the achievement of societal and environmental goals, and subsequently how equipment-lending initiatives can facilitate collaborative consumption practices with the potential to reduce consumption.

IntroductionAcute hepatitis C infection (HCV) is increasing in the HIV‐infected population, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM). Patients co‐infected with HCV and HIV progress more rapidly to liver cirrhosis and are at higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. We looked at our management of acute HCV to assess treatment outcome.Materials and MethodsWe performed a retrospective and prospective case note review of HIV‐HCV co‐infected patients attending a large inner city sexual health clinic from 2006‐to date. Acute HCV infections (less than six months) were identified and data was collected on demographics, transmission and treatment outcomes. Treatment regime was 48 weeks of weight‐based ribavirin and pegylated interferon α2a.ResultsSixty‐seven acute HCV infections were identified among 142 co‐infected patients, all of whom were male and 66 (98.5%) were MSM. Median age at diagnosis was 37 (range 20–59) and 58 (86.6%) were White British. Sixty patients (89.6%) were genotype 1, 3 (4.5%) were genotype 4 and 2 (3.0%) were genotype 2/3. A further 2 (3.0%) were re‐infections. A peak in new HCV diagnoses was seen in 2013 with 17 (25.4%). Route of transmission was sexual in all cases with 13 (19.4%) also injecting drugs, pointing to mixed transmission routes. Nine (69.2%) of these occurred in 2013. Nine (13.4%) patients cleared HCV themselves. Of the 58 who didn't clear HCV, 12 (20.7%) were lost to follow up/transferred care, 4 (6.9%) declined treatment awaiting newer agents, and 10 (17.2%) are waiting to start. A total of 32 patients started treatment. Six (18.8%) patients are currently on treatment and three (9.4%) await a final sustained virological response (SVR) test. Six out of twenty‐four (25.0%) stopped treatment due to lack of response and 1 stopped due to side effects. Fifteen (62.5%) achieved SVR and 2 (8.3%) failed to achieve SVR. Eight out of ten (80.0%) patients who had an early virological response (EVR) achieved SVR.ConclusionsOur data shows good treatment outcomes for acute HCV infection in HIV patients with an SVR rate of 62.5%. We've seen a steady increase in acute HCV infection, particularly in MSM injecting party drugs. Changing risk behaviours, particularly a rise in chem sex parties and club drug use, along with more anonymous partners and disclosure issues create difficulties in managing the HCV epidemic. More education is needed to raise awareness of HCV transmission and disclosure in our MSM population.

AbstractNoting that the field of agro‐food studies has undergone numerous 'turns' over the years, this article first seeks to make sense of this evolving literature by examining aspects of the metaphysical foreground upon which this 'turning' takes place. Doing this highlights a coalescing of sorts within the field; a movement the author describes as being less toward a specific theoretical framework as it is around a general way of doing agro‐food scholarship. This style of scholarship embraces relationality, process, and multiplicity while emphasising the generative capacities of what agro‐food scholars do for enacting novel political, ontological, and normative practices. The reminder of the article co‐experiments with what it means to be open to these productive capacities as researchers, in terms of making the un‐thought thinkable and un‐doable routine. In doing this the article offers an account of agro‐food imaginaries that is hopeful precisely because it is unsettling.