Suchergebnisse

The research shows the relationship between digital teaching competence and foreign language learning in students at a national university from Lima. It is a non-experimental descriptive study with a cross-sectional correlational design, applied to a sample of 151 students from Enrique Guzmán y Valle National University of Education. To collect data for the first variable, it was built a questionnaire with the response parameters of the Likert scale. Based on the Cronbach's Alpha test, this instrument reached a reliability index of 0,780. For the second variable, a test was applied and the reliability level was measured through the Kuder-Richardson coefficient, showing an index of 0,865, so it is inferred that these instruments had a high level of reliability. About the general hypothesis, Spearman's correlation coefficient was 0,705, a high positive correlation. The investigation result allows to confirm that there is a direct and significant association between teaching digital competence and foreign language learning, that is, the higher the level of teaching digital competence, the better the learning achievements of the students.

In recent years, government revenues in many EU countries experienced significant and erratic changes, which, a priori, could not be fully explained by macroeconomic developments or by discretionary fiscal policy measures. We investigate this issue by estimating "unexplained" changes in tax and social contribution revenues, based on proxies for tax revenue bases and elasticities commonly used for forecasting or cyclically adjusting government revenues and taking into account estimates of the impact of legislation changes. This is done for a selection of EU countries, including the "big five" euro area countries (Germany, Spain, France, Italy and the Netherlands) together with Ireland, Latvia and Portugal. We also undertake the same exercise using alternative tax base proxies, either taken from forecasting models or on the basis of our knowledge of the tax system in each country. The results show that, in the aggregate, revenue windfalls and shortfalls have exhibited a broadly cyclical pattern, driven mainly by developments in profit-related taxes and, to a somewhat lesser extent, VAT. Other, more structural factors also play a role, such as declining consumption of fuel and tobacco, as well as factors specific to individual countries, such as developments in property markets. The estimated revenue windfalls and shortfalls can explain a substantial proportion of changes in the euro area cyclically adjusted budget balance over the period 1999-2007. Since these unexplained revenue changes have exhibited a largely cyclical character and might therefore be viewed as partly temporary, this highlights the importance of a careful interpretation of fiscal indicators adjusted for the economic cycle. Except in a small number of cases, the results do not change significantly when alternative tax base proxies are used, suggesting that the potential for improving existing indicators by a better matching of taxes to their bases is likely to be limited.

Mental disorders have a high prevalence compared with many other health conditions and are the leading cause of disability worldwide. Several studies performed in the last years support the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the etiopathogenesis of different mental disorders. The present review will summarize the latest information on the role of the endocannabinoid system in psychiatric disorders, specifically depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia. We will focus on the findings from human brain studies regarding alterations in endocannabinoid levels, cannabinoid receptors and endocannabinoid metabolizing enzymes in patients suffering mental disorders. Studies carried out in humans have consistently demonstrated that the endocannabinoid system is fundamental for emotional homeostasis and cognitive function. Thus, deregulation of the different elements that are part of the endocannabinoid system may contribute to the pathophysiology of several mental disorders. However, the results reported are controversial. In this sense, different alterations in gene and/or protein expression of CB1 receptors have been shown depending on the technical approach used or the brain region studied. Despite the current discrepancies regarding cannabinoid receptors changes in depression and schizophrenia, present findings point to the endocannabinoid system as a pivotal neuromodulatory pathway relevant in the pathophysiology of mental disorders. ; This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (SAF2015-67457-R, MINECO/FEDER), the Plan Estatal de I+D+i 2013-2016, the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fomento de la Investigación, Spanish Ministry of Economy, FEDER (PI13/01529) and the Basque Government (IT616/13). I I-L is a recipient of a Predoctoral Fellowship from the Basque Government. E F-Z is a recipient of a Predoctoral Fellowship from the University of Cantabria. CM is a recipient of a Postdoctoral Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship (H2020-MSCA-IF-2016, ID 747487).

In the present study we reviewed the genesis, development and classification of peatlands in the Iberian Peninsula by conducting chronostratigraphic analysis of 108 of these ecosystems. The findings are summarised as follows: 1. The region has a wide variety of peatlands which are classified according to their biogeochemical, geomorphological and ecological characteristics into different types of bogs and fens. 2. Most of the peatlands occur in the Atlantic region followed by the Mediterranean and Alpine regions. Fens are more widely distributed than bogs, and blanket and raised bogs are mainly found in the Eurosiberian biogeographical region. 3. In many of the fens, the last active peat-forming cycle occurred during the Late Holocene (43 %). In most of the bogs, the peat-forming cycle occurred in the Middle Holocene (70 %), although in a substantial proportion of blanket bogs these processes occurred in the Early Holocene (30 %). 4. The peat formed in the last active cycle is, on average, thicker in raised bogs (322 cm) than in blanket bogs (257 cm) and fens (156 cm). 5. Vertical peat accumulation rates varied between 16 and 30 yr cm-1 in more than 40 % of the peatlands. The accumulation rates differed significantly between the different types of peatlands and were highest in the raised bogs. The accumulation rates were very variable in the fens. 6. The genesis, evolution and types of Iberian peatlands are similar to those observed in peatlands in northern latitudes in Europe and North America ; Our research has been made possible by the following project grants: INCITE09-200-019-PR (Xunta de Galicia Government); DESIRÈHAR2013-43701-P (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness); and Relictflora-P11-RNM7033 (Excellence Research Projects Program from the Andalusian Government) ; SI

"Legal History presents a broad panorama of historical processes that trigger theoretical reflections on legal transfers and legal transplants and on the problem of the reception and assimilation laws and other modes of normativity. In this volume, legal historians across the globe reflect on their analytical traditions and present case studies in order to discuss how entangled histories of law can be understood, analyzed and written.
In the first section of this volume, 'Traditions of Transnational Legal History', the authors revisit specific achievements and shortcomings of legal historical research against the backdrop of postcolonial and global studies. Reflections on our own disciplinary traditions that reveal the path-dependencies include critical accounts on the tradition of 'European Legal History', 'Codification history', the emergence of 'Hindu Law', and the methodological aspects of Comparative Law.
The four articles in the second section, 'Empires and Law', showcase entangled legal histories forged in imperial spaces, for instance, through treaties concluded in the spheres of influence of ancient Roman Empire, which in this instance is analyzed as a process of 'narrative transculturation'. Analogously, transnational institutions adjudicating merchant-disputes in the Early Modern Spanish Empire and normative frameworks constructed in a multilingual space shortly after its decline are analyzed as 'diffusion and hybridization'. And finally, the spotlight is cast on the so-called 'craftsmen of transfer' and the bureaucrats that took practical comparative law as the basis to design the German colonial law.
In the third section, 'Analyzing transnational law and legal scholarship in 19th and early 20th century', seven case studies offer theoretical reflections about entangled legal histories. The discussions range from civil law codifications in Latin America as 'reception' or 'normative transfers', entangled histories of constitutionalism as 'translations' and 'legal transfer', formation of transnational legal orders in 19th century International Law and the International Law on state bankruptcies to the impact of transnational legal scholarship on criminology. All articles engage in methodological reflections and discussions about their concrete application in legal historical research."

Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) is a neurological disease characterized by calcium phosphate deposits in the basal ganglia and other brain regions and has thus far been associated with SLC20A2, PDGFB or PDGFRB mutations. We identified in multiple families with PFBC mutations in XPR1, a gene encoding a retroviral receptor with phosphate export function. These mutations alter phosphate export, implicating XPR1 and phosphate homeostasis in PFBC. ; Lung GO Sequencing Project ; Lung GO Sequencing Project ; Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Sequencing Project ; Broad GO Sequencing Project ; Seattle GO Sequencing Project ; Heart GO Sequencing Project ; United States Department of Health & Human Services ; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA ; NIH National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS) ; Association Francaise contre les Myopathies ; Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer (Comite de l'Herault) ; Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale ; FEDER European Union Languedoc-Roussillon grant ; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke ; Informatics Center for Neurogenetics and Neurogenomics ; Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale ; Institut National du Cancer (INCA) France ; Labex GR-Ex ; Labex EpiGenMed ; French National Research Agency (ANR) ; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm) ; European Commission ; Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) ; INNOPHARMA project MINECO-USC ; Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS) ; National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) ; United States Department of Health & Human Services ; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA ; NIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) ; United States Department of Health & Human Services ; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA ; NIH National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS) ; University Hospital of Rouen ; French CNR-MAJ ; United States Department of Health & Human Services ; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA ; NIH National Heart Lung & Blood Institute (NHLBI) ; United States Department of Health & Human Services ; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA ; NIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) ; United States Department of Health & Human Services ; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA ; NIH National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)