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While the importance of being reflexive is acknowledged within social science research, the difficulties, practicalities and methods of doing it are rarely addressed. Thus, the implications of current theoretical and philosophical discussions about reflexivity, epistemology and the construction of knowledge for empirical sociological research practice, specifically the analysis of qualitative data, remain under-developed. Drawing on our doctoral experiences, we reflect on the possibilities and limits of reflexivity during the interpretive stages of research. We explore how reflexivity can be operationalized and discuss reflexivity in terms of the personal, interpersonal, institutional, pragmatic, emotional, theoretical, epistemological and ontological influences on our research and data analysis processes. We argue that data analysis methods are not just neutral techniques. They reflect, and are imbued with, theoretical, epistemological and ontological assumptions - including conceptions of subjects and subjectivities, and understandings of how knowledge is constructed and produced. In suggesting how epistemological and ontological positionings can be translated into research practice, our article contributes to current debates aiming to bridge the gap between abstract epistemological discussions and the nitty-gritty of research practice.

Although the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spurred critical and much-needed attention to re-thinking policy approaches to child care and long-term elder care, little focus has been given to its implications for parental leave policies and parental benefits for the care of infants and young children. This article is about reconceptualizing and reconfiguring employment-based parental leave policies in Canada both during and after COVID-19. Informed by theoretical insights from the fields of care economies, feminist political economy, and care and social reproduction and by national and international parental leave research, we argue that it is time to reconceptualize parental leave benefits not only as employment policy but also as a care and social protection policy. To make this shift, we explore three topic areas: a mixed system of parental benefits that combine employment-based and citizenship-based entitlements, connections between policy design and gender equality, and the need for robust intersectional data to track which Canadian families are receiving parental benefits.

This paper compares access to parental leave benefits in the four largest Canadian provinces –Québec, Ontario, Alberta and British Columbia between 2000 and 2016, using quantitative data from the Employment Insurance Coverage Survey. We show that inequalities in the receipt of benefits mirror and reinforce the structure of income and gender inequalities. We argue that Alberta and Québec represent two regimes of parental benefits. In Alberta the take-up of parental benefits is low, and is closely related to income and gender. Conversely, the vast majority of mothers and fathers have access to parental benefits in Québec. We argue that Alberta is closer to a liberal regime of parental benefits, while Québec is closer to a social-democratic model.

Although the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spurred critical and much-needed attention to re-thinking policy approaches to child care and long-term elder care, little focus has been given to its implications for parental leave policies and parental benefits for the care of infants and young children. This article is about reconceptualizing and reconfiguring employment-based parental leave policies in Canada both during and after COVID-19. Informed by theoretical insights from the fields of care economies, feminist political economy, and care and social reproduction and by national and international parental leave research, we argue that it is time to reconceptualize parental leave benefits not only as employment policy but also as a care and social protection policy. To make this shift, we explore three topic areas: a mixed system of parental benefits that combine employment-based and citizenship-based entitlements, connections between policy design and gender equality, and the need for robust intersectional data to track which Canadian families are receiving parental benefits.

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Foreword / Andrea Doucet -- Introduction / Gary Lee Pelletier and Fiona Joy Green -- Parental thinking: what does gender have to do with it? / Joanne S. Frye -- Does the manny mother? / Gary Lee Pelletier -- "Is he the son of no one?": a son's relational narrative on his mother / Nick J. Mulé -- Why isn't everyone celebrating me? My mom, bankruptcy, and my ego / Justin Butler -- Lesbian families, sons, and mothering: parenting outside the boundaries / Alys Einion -- Changing the gender script: Ecuadorian son's increased domesticity and emotive response to transnational mothering / Ruth Trinidad Galván -- TV's new dads: sensitive fatherhood and the return of hegemonic masculinity / Dwayne Avery -- What's so funny about childbirth? The projection of patriarchal masculinity in popular comedic childbirth guides / Jeffrey Nall -- Just along for the ride? A father-to-be searching for his role / C. Wesley Buerkle -- Mommie dearest: undoing a gay identity through pregnancy / Jack Hixson-Vulpe -- The ties that bind are broken: trans* breastfeeding practices, ungendering body parts, and unsexing parenting roles / A.J. Lowik -- Becoming mother's nature: a queer son's perspective on mothering in an era of ecological decline / Michael Young.

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AbstractSignificant socio‐economic, health, and mental health disparities due to highly entrenched and systemic anti‐Black racism in Canadian institutions, policies, and practices are now well documented in research and policy reports. Yet, few in‐depth studies have addressed the mental health impacts of anti‐Black racism on Canadian populations. This article is rooted in a community‐based, qualitative research project with young first and second‐generation Black Caribbean‐Canadian mothers and is informed by Black Feminist epistemologies and intersectional theories and methodologies. Our research demonstrates how participants' childhood experiences with xenophobic and racist immigration policies and educational, child welfare, and childcare systems caused their future mental health challenges as young Black mothers, and how these struggles were exacerbated by their encounters with the racist, ageist, xenophobic medical, social, and mental health services they had to access as young mothers. Based on these findings, we recommend enhancements to current social policies to minimize the differential mental health impacts on young Black Canadian mothers.

Cover -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Introduction / Sophie Bourgault, Maggie Fitzgerald, and Fiona Robinson -- 1. Indigenous Voices and Relationships: Insights from Care Ethics and Accounts of Hermeneutical Injustice / Christine Koggel -- 2. Epistemic Injustice, Face-to-Face Encounters, and Caring Institutions / Sophie Bourgault -- 3. Privilege and the Denial of Vulnerability: When Care Ethics Meets Epistemologies of Ignorance / Marie Garrau -- 4. Learning through Care: Decentering an Epistemology of Domination to Theorize Caring Men at the "Center" / Riikka Prattes -- 5. Decenterings Elsewhere and the Epistemic Dimensions of Care / Vrinda Dalmiya -- 6. The Commitment to Care: An Unwavering Epistemic Decentering / Maggie Fitzgerald -- 7. Indigenous and Feminist Ecological Reflections on Feminist Care Ethics: Encounters of Care, Absence, Punctures, and Offerings / Andrea Doucet, Eva Jewell, and Vanessa Watts -- 8. Crafting a New Corpo-Reality in Care Ethics: Contributions from Feminist New Materialisms and Posthumanist Ethics / Émilie Dionne -- 9. Diffracting Care and Posthuman Ethics: Responsibility, Response-ability, and Privileged Irresponsibility / Vivienne Bozalek -- 10. "Do You Really Want to Know about This?": Critical Feminist Ethics of Care as a Project of Unsettling / Masaya Llavaneras Blanco -- 11. The Operation(s) of Abolitionist Care: Healing, Care Ethics, and the Movement for Black Lives / Christopher Paul Harris -- 12. When Facts Only Go So Far: Decentering What It Means to Know and Understand as a Care-Ethical Researcher in a Polarized, Post-Truth Era / Alistair Niemeijer and Merel Visse -- Acknowledgments -- Notes on Contributors -- Index.