Suchergebnisse

Abstract
This article examines the refugee crisis of the 1930s and the internment camp system that France created, focusing on the experiences of Jewish refugees. France, the first European country to emancipate Jews, pursued policies that focused on German-speaking Central Europeans and disproportionately affected Jews. This examination has a dual focus; it considers political narratives and government policies alongside the experiences of Jewish refugees. Working with letters from refugees and government documents, it reveals information that complicates the idea of France as a land of asylum. It highlights the limits of France's commitment to human rights and how the internment camp system, later used to carry out the Holocaust in France, became a tool of the state. While a history of a specific place and time, this study sheds light on contemporary debates about human rights, refugee politics, and the right to asylum.

Abstract
Though pilgrims were purportedly sacred travelers, their actual identities and motivations for travel were far from certain. Connotations with criminality and fraud also ran deep. Beginning with a strange case in which an epileptic French priest traveling to Santiago de Compostela was arrested and investigated as an alleged spy, this article considers the ambiguities surrounding pilgrim identity and the difficulty communities had in determining intention and motivation. Drawing upon secular and church records from Navarre, Aragon, and Gipuzkoa, this article examines the methods courts employed to reveal or impose identities, including using complex forensic techniques such as building a blind criminal lineup, associative triangulation of place and person, and relying upon medical and linguistic evaluation. In many cases, these processes of evidence gathering and particularly the idea that suspects could be definitively identified runs contrary to our understanding of the lack of sophistication of early modern criminal procedure and epistemology.

The Appalachian Land Ownership Study is recognized as a pioneering effort in the interdisciplinary field of participatory action research. This article analyzes this community-based study of land ownership and taxation in Appalachia to determine what lessons it offers a new generation of action researchers. It demonstrates both the practical difficulties in community-based research as well as the challenges to legitimation that may be launched from policy and social science audiences who embrace positivistic research methodologies and epistemologies. The article concludes with the lessons that the land study offers a new generation of researchers who wish to conduct socially relevant, participatory research. Despite the obstacles and disappointments associated with the Appalachian Land Ownership Study, this article concludes that it had long-lasting political, social, personal and scholarly impacts.

Liberia has become the quintessential example of an African failed state. Though Liberia's civil war is officially over, war criminals are free and some are even helping run the transitional government under the authority of Liberia's Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). This peace agreement calls for the consideration of a general amnesty for those involved in the Liberian civil war alongside the parceling of governmental functions among members of various rebel groups. The drafters of the agreement claim that this was the only viable solution for sustainable peace in Liberia. Meanwhile, Charles Taylor relaxes in Nigeria's resort city of Calabar.