Suchergebnisse

Ob Welthandelsorganisation, Weltbank, die Vereinten Nationen oder die Europäische Union: Internationale Organisationen haben nicht nur Auswirkungen auf Staaten, sondern zunehmend auch auf die Gesellschaft. Dieses Buch zeigt, wie sich internationale Organisationen als Teil der Weltgesellschaft erforschen lassen, indem zwischen Weltsemantik, Innenwelt, Umweltbeziehung und Weltordnungsgenese unterschieden wird. Dazu geht es insbesondere auf die Dreiecksbeziehungen zwischen politischen Mitgliedern, Verwaltungsstäben und gesellschaftlicher Umwelt ein.

Der Autor geht der Frage nach, ob und wie sich der Frieden durch internationale Institutionen fördern und befestigen läßt. Nach einer kurzen Begriffsklärung werden im ersten Teil des Beitrags die Beziehungen zwischen Institutionen, internationaler Ordnung und Frieden näher untersucht. Der zweite Teil stellt die Frage, wie Institutionen beschaffen sein müssen, um friedliche Verhältnisse zwischen den Akteuren internationaler Beziehungen zu etablieren und zu wahren. Im abschließenden dritten Teil sind die Bedingungen, unter denen solche Institutionen möglich sind, das zentrale Thema. Die Untersuchung macht deutlich, daß drei zentrale Einsichten aus dem Werk Czempiels für die systematische Analyse der Fragestellung "Institution und Frieden" von Bedeutung sind und durch die institutionelle Analyse der Autors bestätigt werden: (1) die Obsoleszenz klassischer Souveränität als herausragende Institution internationaler Beziehungen; (2) die Notwendigkeit, dem Akteur "Staat" den Interaktionszusammenhang zwischen politischem System und Gesellschaft gegenüberzustellen; (3) das Gebot, Politik auf die einzelnen Menschen als Bezugsgröße zu orientieren, um Institutionen eine gezielt friedensfördernde Ausrichtung zu geben. (ICD)

"Deontological International Ethics" published on by Oxford University Press.

Changes in the role of collective action at the international level, in the international economic environment, and, most importantly, our better understanding of economics in general require that we rethink the role of international financial institutions (IFIs). For multilateral development banks like the World Bank, their central mission, the promotion of growth and the reduction of poverty, is clear. The steps toward fulfilling this mission in a changing world are also relatively clear, and many of these institutions have already begun processes of renewal. But all of the IFIs have, in one way or another, also been involved in crisis management, especially in recent years. Here, future roles are less clear because they depend on the redefinition of the international financial architecture - a redefinition that has been hotly debated, but has not yet crystallised into a shared vision. The theoretical underpinnings - as well as the practical implementation - of alternative visions will require far more development before clarity on a future role will be attained. In this essay, I will address these questions from the perspective of the theory of international public goods, which is a powerful way to organise our thinking both on why we have IFIs in the first place, and the role that they should play in a changing world.

Economic Development, Wealth Creation and Africa -- The Bottom Billion and What We Can Do to Help -- A Rich Concept of Wealth Creation Beyond Profit Maximization and Adding Value -- Cultural Values, Economic Growth and Development -- Black Economic Empowerment and the Post-Apartheid South African Quest for the Domestication of Western Capitalism -- Ethical Sourcing and Moral Responsibility in Global Business: Is 'the Common Good' the Missing Factor? The Case of the Cut Flower Industry in Kenya -- Fairness in International Trade-A Global Perspective -- Fair Global Trade: A Perspective from Africa -- Fairness in International Trade and Investment: Latin American Challenges -- Fairness in International Trade and Business Ethics: A Japanese Perspective -- Fairness in International Trade and Investment: North American Perspectives -- Fairness in International Trade: The Case of Economic Partnership Agreements

Abstract
This article argues that international organizations 'as such' can contribute directly to the creation of customary international law for three independent reasons. First, the states establishing an international organization may subjectively intend for that organization to be able to contribute to the creation of at least some kinds of customary international law. Second, that capacity may be an implied power of the organization. Third, that capacity may be a byproduct of other features or authorities of the international organization – specifically, the combination of international legal personality and the capacity to operate on the international plane. Affirming international organizations' direct role in making customary international law will not dramatically change the content of customary international law or the processes by which rules of customary international law are ascertained. But recognizing that role is significant because it will reinforce other conclusions about how international organizations fit into the international legal system, including that customary international law binds international organizations. Such recognition may also shift the way lawyers within international organizations carry out their work by affecting the sources they consult when answering legal questions, the materials they make publicly available and the kinds of expertise that are understood to be necessary to discharge their responsibilities. Finally, affirming international organizations' role in creating customary international law may make international organizations more willing to comply with those rules.