Suchergebnisse

In addition to being crucial in plant development and defence, cellulose is the most abundant organic compound of all biomass on Earth1. Therefore, it is essential to elucidate the regulation of its biosynthesis to improve crop's tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. We have found the Tetratricopeptide Thioredoxin-Like (TTL)2 proteins as new players in the regulation of the cellulose synthase complex (CSC), identifying its dynamic association with the CSC under cellulose-deficient conditions3. We have found that TTLs are essential to maintain cellulose synthesis under salt stress, mediated by a stress-resilient cortical microtubule array and the stabilization of the CSCs at the plasma membrane. TTLs carry this out by interacting with Cellulose Synthase 1 and promoting the polymerization of microtubules. This dynamic behaviour of TTLs is not specific to salinity stress, and other modifications that cause reduced cellulose content also lead to the re-localization from the cytosol to the CSC. We conclude that TTLs act as intermediates between stress perception and regulation of cellulose biosynthesis to overcome adverse environmental conditions. All TTL proteins contain an Intrinsic Disordered Region at the end terminus, and we are now investigating how changes in phosphorylation regulate the activity and dynamic localization of these proteins. ; This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation (MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033) (PGC2018-098789-B-I00) and (PID2019-107657RB-C22) to MAB, NRL and AC respectively. The Andalusian Research Plan co-financed by the European Union (PAIDI 2020-PY20_00084) to MAB and Junta de Andalucía UMA-FEDER project (grant UMA18-FEDERJA-154) to NRL, and the Swiss National foundation to CSR (SNF 31003A_163065/1 to AM). CK was supported by a Peter und Traudl Engelhorn-Stiftung fellowship, an ETH Career Seed Grant (SEED-05 19-2) of the ETH Foundation, an Emerging Investigator grant (NNF20OC0060564) of the Novo Nordisk Foundation, and an Experiment grant ...

Intro -- Prehistory of the West to 35,000 BCE -- The First Civilizations, 10,000-1250 BCE -- Growing Civilizations of the Near East, 1200-450 BCE -- The Greek Polis in War & -- Peace, 750-371 BCE -- The Greek World Expands, 359-142 BCE -- Greek Culture, Science & -- Philosophy, 725-140 BCE -- The Rise of Rome & -- the Republic, 753-31 BCE -- The Roman Empire, 27 BCE-476 CE -- Roman Culture, 240 BCE-121 CE -- East & -- West in the Early Middle Ages, 493-1000 -- Europe in the High Middle Ages, 1054-1400 -- The Culture of Christendom in Medieval Europe, 910-1351 -- The Emergence of Early Modern Europe, 1400-1497 -- The Culture of the Renaissance, 1304-1500.

The 11-day war in May 2021 between Israel and Palestine (Gaza) is worth investigating as a phenomenon of recording war testimonies and memories by civilian mobile phone users. This article explores mobile phone usage by Palestinian civilians to record and document everyday war narratives. The users document, archive and disseminate diverse war memories on various social media platforms. Semi-structured (ethnographic) interviews and interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) are included in the methodological design to understand the patterns of mobile phone activism by civilians during Israel's Operation Guardian of the Wall in Gaza. The authors argue that the physical and digital (phygital) spaces exist simultaneously, forming the socio-psychological presence of the users in the war and making them significant stakeholders of the Israel–Palestine war narrative. The emergence of a phygital presence signifies a comprehensive representation and archive of civilian war testimonies. Users' mobile phone footage plays a significant role in shaping discourses of dissent and mobile activism, driving and sustaining collective emotions regarding the repercussions of war. These discourses also contribute to the socio-psychological construction of a phygital memory archive, enriching the conflict's broader narrative.

Literaturverzeichnis

Self-determining their lives -- Heading West, maybe forever, maybe not -- Bringing Catholicism to the Flatheads -- Challenging a fur monopoly -- Committing to the Pacific Northwest -- Disappearing into a changing Pacific Northwest -- Becoming Jasper Iroquois -- Persisting in Jasper's shadow.

Problems created by boundaries are among the more frequent causes of war, and North and West Africa has some of the strangest boundary problems in the world.1Unlike many of the world's borders, the boundaries here are not the walls and moats of history, natural defence lines whose traces mark the military conflicts and diplomatic compromises of the nation's past. The only exceptions are one-sided and even ironic: the treaty of Lalla Maghnia of 18 March 1845 defined 100 miles of the Algero-Moroccan border after the Moroccan defeat by France at Isly, and the line dividing Algeria from Mali and Niger was the result of an agreement in 1905 separating French military explorers in North Africa from rival French military explorers in West Africa. There is therefore none of the legitimacy of national history associated with the boundary lines. This has its advantages and disadvantages: the might of conquest and the right of diplomacy have not sanctified the borders, but the Schleswigs and the Alsace-Lorraines are not present either.

Introduction: The oblique coordinate systems of modern identity / György Péteri -- Were the Czechs more Western than Slavic? Nineteenth-century travel literature from Russia by disillusioned Czechs / Karen Gammelgaard -- Privileged origins : "national models" and reforms of public health in interwar Hungary / Erik Ingebrigtsen -- Defending children's rights, "in defense of peace" : children and Soviet cultural diplomacy / Catriona Kelly -- East as true West : redeeming bourgeois culture, from socialist realism to Ostalgie / Greg Castillo -- Paris or Moscow? Warsaw architects and the image of the modern city in the 1950s / David Crowley -- Imagining Richard Wagner : the Janus head of a divided nation / Elaine Kelly -- From Iron Curtain to silver screen : imagining the West in the Khrushchev era / Anne E. Gorsuch -- Mirror, mirror, on the wall-- is the West the fairest of them all? Czechoslovak normalization and its (dis)contents / Paulina Bren -- Who will beat whom? Soviet popular reception of the American National Exhibition in Moscow, 1959 / Susan E. Reid -- Moscow human rights defenders look West : attitudes toward U.S. journalists in the 1960s and 1970s / Barbara Walker -- Conclusion: Transnational history and the East-West divide / Michael David-Fox