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BACKGROUND: The monitoring framework for evaluating health system response to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) include indicators to assess availability of affordable basic technologies and essential medicines to treat them in both public and private primary care facilities. The Government of India launched the National Program for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) in 2010 to strengthen health systems. We assessed availability of trained human resources, essential medicines and technologies for diabetes, cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases as one of the components of the National Noncommunicable Disease Monitoring Survey (NNMS - 2017-18). METHODS: NNMS was a cross-sectional survey. Health facility survey component covered three public [Primary health centre (PHC), Community health centre (CHC) and District hospital (DH)] and one private primary in each of the 600 primary sampling units (PSUs) selected by stratified multistage random sampling to be nationally representative. Survey teams interviewed medical officers, laboratory technicians, and pharmacists using an adapted World Health Organization (WHO) – Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) tool on handhelds with Open Data Kit (ODK) technology. List of essential medicines and technology was according to WHO - Package of Essential Medicines and Technologies for NCDs (PEN) and NPCDCS guidelines for primary and secondary facilities, respectively. Availability was defined as reported to be generally available within facility premises. RESULTS: Total of 537 public and 512 private primary facilities, 386 CHCs and 334 DHs across India were covered. NPCDCS was being implemented in 72.8% of CHCs and 86.8% of DHs. All essential technologies and medicines available to manage three NCDs in primary care varied between 1.1% (95% CI; 0.3–3.3) in rural public to 9.0% (95% CI; 6.2–13.0) in urban private facilities. In NPCDCS implementing districts, 0.4% of CHCs and 14.5% of the DHs were fully ...

The lifecourse perspective on adult health and on health inequalities in particular, is one of the most important recent developments in epidemiology and public health. This book brings together, in a single volume, the work of one of the most distinguished academics in the field. It is the first to specifically take a lifecourse approach to health inequalities and will be essential reading for academics, students and policy makers with an interest in public health, epidemiology, health promotion and social policy

The Dementias Platform UK Data Portal is a data repository facilitating access to data for 3 370 929 individuals in 42 cohorts. The Data Portal is an end-to-end data management solution providing a secure, fully auditable, remote access environment for the analysis of cohort data. All projects utilising the data are by default collaborations with the cohort research teams generating the data. The Data Portal uses UK Secure eResearch Platform infrastructure to provide three core utilities: data discovery, access, and analysis. These are delivered using a 7 layered architecture comprising: data ingestion, data curation, platform interoperability, data discovery, access brokerage, data analysis and knowledge preservation. Automated, streamlined, and standardised procedures reduce the administrative burden for all stakeholders, particularly for requests involving multiple independent datasets, where a single request may be forwarded to multiple data controllers. Researchers are provided with their own secure 'lab' using VMware which is accessed using two factor authentication. Over the last 2 years, 160 project proposals involving 579 individual cohort data access requests were received. These were received from 268 applicants spanning 72 institutions (56 academic, 13 commercial, 3 government) in 16 countries with 84 requests involving multiple cohorts. Projects are varied including multi-modal, machine learning, and Mendelian randomisation analyses. Data access is usually free at point of use although a small number of cohorts require a data access fee.

International audience ; The Dementias Platform UK Data Portal is a data repository facilitating access to data for 3 370 929 individuals in 42 cohorts. The Data Portal is an end-to-end data management solution providing a secure, fully auditable, remote access environment for the analysis of cohort data. All projects utilising the data are by default collaborations with the cohort research teams generating the data. The Data Portal uses UK Secure eResearch Platform infrastructure to provide three core utilities: data discovery, access, and analysis. These are delivered using a 7 layered architecture comprising: data ingestion, data curation, platform interoperability, data discovery, access brokerage, data analysis and knowledge preservation. Automated, streamlined, and standardised procedures reduce the administrative burden for all stakeholders, particularly for requests involving multiple independent datasets, where a single request may be forwarded to multiple data controllers. Researchers are provided with their own secure 'lab' using VMware which is accessed using two factor authentication. Over the last 2 years, 160 project proposals involving 579 individual cohort data access requests were received. These were received from 268 applicants spanning 72 institutions (56 academic, 13 commercial, 3 government) in 16 countries with 84 requests involving multiple cohorts. Projects are varied including multi-modal, machine learning, and Mendelian randomisation analyses. Data access is usually free at point of use although a small number of cohorts require a data access fee.

International audience ; The Dementias Platform UK Data Portal is a data repository facilitating access to data for 3 370 929 individuals in 42 cohorts. The Data Portal is an end-to-end data management solution providing a secure, fully auditable, remote access environment for the analysis of cohort data. All projects utilising the data are by default collaborations with the cohort research teams generating the data. The Data Portal uses UK Secure eResearch Platform infrastructure to provide three core utilities: data discovery, access, and analysis. These are delivered using a 7 layered architecture comprising: data ingestion, data curation, platform interoperability, data discovery, access brokerage, data analysis and knowledge preservation. Automated, streamlined, and standardised procedures reduce the administrative burden for all stakeholders, particularly for requests involving multiple independent datasets, where a single request may be forwarded to multiple data controllers. Researchers are provided with their own secure 'lab' using VMware which is accessed using two factor authentication. Over the last 2 years, 160 project proposals involving 579 individual cohort data access requests were received. These were received from 268 applicants spanning 72 institutions (56 academic, 13 commercial, 3 government) in 16 countries with 84 requests involving multiple cohorts. Projects are varied including multi-modal, machine learning, and Mendelian randomisation analyses. Data access is usually free at point of use although a small number of cohorts require a data access fee.

We report the discovery of a Neptune-like planet (LP 714-47 b, P = 4.05204 d, mb = 30.8 ± 1.5Mpdbl, Rb = 4.7 ± 0.3 Rpdbl) located in the "hot Neptune desert". Confirmation of the TESS Object of Interest (TOI 442.01) was achieved with radial-velocity follow-up using CARMENES, ESPRESSO, HIRES, iSHELL, and PFS, as well as from photometric data using TESS, Spitzer, and ground-based photometry from MuSCAT2, TRAPPIST-South, MONET-South, the George Mason University telescope, the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope network, the El Sauce telescope, the TÜBITAK National Observatory, the University of Louisville Manner Telescope, and WASP-South. We also present high-spatial resolution adaptive optics imaging with the Gemini Near-Infrared Imager. The low uncertainties in the mass and radius determination place LP 714-47 b among physically well-characterised planets, allowing for a meaningful comparison with planet structure models. The host star LP 714-47 is a slowly rotating early M dwarf (Teff = 3950 ± 51 K) with a mass of 0.59 ± 0.02Mpdbl and a radius of 0.58 ± 0.02Rpdbl. From long-term photometric monitoring and spectroscopic activity indicators, we determine a stellar rotation period of about 33 d. The stellar activity is also manifested as correlated noise in the radial-velocity data. In the power spectrum of the radial-velocity data, we detect a second signal with a period of 16 days in addition to the four-day signal of the planet. This could be shown to be a harmonic of the stellar rotation period or the signal of a second planet. It may be possible to tell the difference once more TESS data and radial-velocity data are obtained. ; With funding from the Spanish government through the "María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence" accreditation (MDM-2017-0737)

Janice E. Drew was supported by the Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ; Peer reviewed ; Publisher PDF

The Dementias Platform UK Data Portal is a data repository facilitating access to data for 3 370 929 individuals in 42 cohorts. The Data Portal is an end-to-end data management solution providing a secure, fully auditable, remote access environment for the analysis of cohort data. All projects utilising the data are by default collaborations with the cohort research teams generating the data. The Data Portal uses UK Secure eResearch Platform infrastructure to provide three core utilities: data discovery, access, and analysis. These are delivered using a 7 layered architecture comprising: data ingestion, data curation, platform interoperability, data discovery, access brokerage, data analysis and knowledge preservation. Automated, streamlined, and standardised procedures reduce the administrative burden for all stakeholders, particularly for requests involving multiple independent datasets, where a single request may be forwarded to multiple data controllers. Researchers are provided with their own secure 'lab' using VMware which is accessed using two factor authentication. Over the last 2 years, 160 project proposals involving 579 individual cohort data access requests were received. These were received from 268 applicants spanning 72 institutions (56 academic, 13 commercial, 3 government) in 16 countries with 84 requests involving multiple cohorts. Projects are varied including multi-modal, machine learning, and Mendelian randomisation analyses. Data access is usually free at point of use although a small number of cohorts require a data access fee.

The Dementias Platform UK Data Portal is a data repository facilitating access to data for 3 370 929 individuals in 42 cohorts. The Data Portal is an end-to-end data management solution providing a secure, fully auditable, remote access environment for the analysis of cohort data. All projects utilising the data are by default collaborations with the cohort research teams generating the data. The Data Portal uses UK Secure eResearch Platform infrastructure to provide three core utilities: data discovery, access, and analysis. These are delivered using a 7 layered architecture comprising: data ingestion, data curation, platform interoperability, data discovery, access brokerage, data analysis and knowledge preservation. Automated, streamlined, and standardised procedures reduce the administrative burden for all stakeholders, particularly for requests involving multiple independent datasets, where a single request may be forwarded to multiple data controllers. Researchers are provided with their own secure 'lab' using VMware which is accessed using two factor authentication. Over the last 2 years, 160 project proposals involving 579 individual cohort data access requests were received. These were received from 268 applicants spanning 72 institutions (56 academic, 13 commercial, 3 government) in 16 countries with 84 requests involving multiple cohorts. Projects are varied including multi-modal, machine learning, and Mendelian randomisation analyses. Data access is usually free at point of use although a small number of cohorts require a data access fee.

The Dementias Platform UK Data Portal is a data repository facilitating access to data for 3 370 929 individuals in 42 cohorts. The Data Portal is an end-to-end data management solution providing a secure, fully auditable, remote access environment for the analysis of cohort data. All projects utilising the data are by default collaborations with the cohort research teams generating the data. The Data Portal uses UK Secure eResearch Platform infrastructure to provide three core utilities: data discovery, access, and analysis. These are delivered using a 7 layered architecture comprising: data ingestion, data curation, platform interoperability, data discovery, access brokerage, data analysis and knowledge preservation. Automated, streamlined, and standardised procedures reduce the administrative burden for all stakeholders, particularly for requests involving multiple independent datasets, where a single request may be forwarded to multiple data controllers. Researchers are provided with their own secure 'lab' using VMware which is accessed using two factor authentication. Over the last 2 years, 160 project proposals involving 579 individual cohort data access requests were received. These were received from 268 applicants spanning 72 institutions (56 academic, 13 commercial, 3 government) in 16 countries with 84 requests involving multiple cohorts. Projects are varied including multi-modal, machine learning, and Mendelian randomisation analyses. Data access is usually free at point of use although a small number of cohorts require a data access fee.

The Dementias Platform UK Data Portal is a data repository facilitating access to data for 3 370 929 individuals in 42 cohorts. The Data Portal is an end-to-end data management solution providing a secure, fully auditable, remote access environment for the analysis of cohort data. All projects utilising the data are by default collaborations with the cohort research teams generating the data. The Data Portal uses UK Secure eResearch Platform infrastructure to provide three core utilities: data discovery, access, and analysis. These are delivered using a 7 layered architecture comprising: data ingestion, data curation, platform interoperability, data discovery, access brokerage, data analysis and knowledge preservation. Automated, streamlined, and standardised procedures reduce the administrative burden for all stakeholders, particularly for requests involving multiple independent datasets, where a single request may be forwarded to multiple data controllers. Researchers are provided with their own secure 'lab' using VMware which is accessed using two factor authentication. Over the last 2 years, 160 project proposals involving 579 individual cohort data access requests were received. These were received from 268 applicants spanning 72 institutions (56 academic, 13 commercial, 3 government) in 16 countries with 84 requests involving multiple cohorts. Projects are varied including multi-modal, machine learning, and Mendelian randomisation analyses. Data access is usually free at point of use although a small number of cohorts require a data access fee.

Context. Teegarden's Star is the brightest and one of the nearest ultra-cool dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood. For its late spectral type (M7.0 V), the star shows relatively little activity and is a prime target for near-infrared radial velocity surveys such as CARMENES. Aims. As part of the CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs, we obtained more than 200 radial-velocity measurements of Teegarden's Star and analysed them for planetary signals. Methods. We find periodic variability in the radial velocities of Teegarden's Star. We also studied photometric measurements to rule out stellar brightness variations mimicking planetary signals. Results. We find evidence for two planet candidates, each with 1.1 M minimum mass, orbiting at periods of 4.91 and 11.4 d, respectively. No evidence for planetary transits could be found in archival and follow-up photometry. Small photometric variability is suggestive of slow rotation and old age. Conclusions. The two planets are among the lowest-mass planets discovered so far, and they are the first Earth-mass planets around an ultra-cool dwarf for which the masses have been determined using radial velocities.© ESO 2019. ; M.Z. acknowledges support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under DFG RE 1664/12-1 and Research Unit FOR2544 >Blue Planets around Red Stars>, project no. RE 1664/14-1. CARMENES is an instrument for the Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman de Calar Alto (CAHA, Almeria, Spain). CARMENES is funded by the German Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), the European Union through FEDER/ERF FICTS-2011-02 funds, and the members of the CARMENES Consortium (Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie, Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai, Institut fur Astrophysik Gottingen, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Hamburger Sternwarte, Centro de Astrobiologia and Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman), with additional contributions by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, the German Science Foundation through the Major Research Instrumentation Programme and DFG Research Unit FOR2544 >Blue Planets around Red Stars>, the Klaus Tschira Stiftung, the states of Baden-Wurttemberg and Niedersachsen, and by the Junta de Andalucia. Based on data from the CARMENES data archive at CAB (INTA-CSIC). This article is based on observations made with the MuSCAT2 instrument, developed by ABC, at Telescopio Carlos Sanchez operated on the island of Tenerife by the IAC in the Spanish Observatorio del Teide. Data were partly collected with the 150-cm and 90-cm telescopes at the Sierra Nevada Observatory (SNO) operated by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IAA-CSIC). Data were partly obtained with the MONET/South telescope of the MOnitoring NEtwork of Telescopes, funded by the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation, Essen, and operated by the Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, the McDonald Observatory of the University of Texas at Austin, and the South African Astronomical Observatory. We acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigacion of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades and the European FEDER/ERF funds through projects AYA2015-69350-C3-2-P, AYA2016-79425-C3-1/2/3-P, AYA2018-84089, BES-2017-080769, BES-2017-082610, ESP2015-65712-C5-5-R, ESP2016-80435-C2-1/2-R, ESP2017-87143-R, ESP2017-87676-2-2, ESP2017-87676-C5-1/2/5-R, FPU15/01476, RYC-2012-09913, the Centre of Excellence >Severo Ochoa> and >Maria de Maeztu> awards to the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (SEV-2015-0548), Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709), and Centro de Astrobiologia (MDM-2017-0737), the Generalitat de Catalunya through CERCA programme>, the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft-und Raumfahrt through grants 50OW0204 and 50OO1501, the European Research Council through grant 6 94 513, the Italian Ministero dell'instruzione, dell'universita de della ricerca and Universita degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata through FFABR 2017 and >Mission: Sustainability 2016>, the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council through grant ST/P000592/1, the Israel Science Foundation through grant 848/16, the Chilean CONICYT-FONDECYT through grant 31 80 405, the Mexican CONACYT through grant CVU 4 48 248, the JSPS KAKENHI through grants JP18H01265 and 18H05439, and the JST PRESTO through grant JPMJPR1775. ; Peer Reviewed

Targeted therapies and the consequent adoption of "personalized" oncology have achieved notable successes in some cancers; however, significant problems remain with this approach. Many targeted therapies are highly toxic, costs are extremely high, and most patients experience relapse after a few disease-free months. Relapses arise from genetic heterogeneity in tumors, which harbor therapy-resistant immortalized cells that have adopted alternate and compensatory pathways (i.e., pathways that are not reliant upon the same mechanisms as those which have been targeted). To address these limitations, an international task force of 180 scientists was assembled to explore the concept of a low-toxicity "broadspectrum" therapeutic approach that could simultaneously target many key pathways and mechanisms. Using cancer hallmark phenotypes and the tumor microenvironment to account for the various aspects of relevant cancer biology, interdisciplinary teams reviewed each hallmark area and nominated a wide range of high-priority targets (74 in total) that could be modified to improve patient outcomes. For these targets, corresponding low-toxicity therapeutic approaches were then suggested, many of which were phytochemicals. Proposed actions on each target and all of the approaches were further reviewed for known effects on other hallmark areas and the tumor microenvironment Potential contrary or procarcinogenic effects were found for 3.9% of the relationships between targets and hallmarks, and mixed evidence of complementary and contrary relationships was found for 7.1%. Approximately 67% of the relationships revealed potentially complementary effects, and the remainder had no known relationship. Among the approaches, 1.1% had contrary, 2.8% had mixed and 62.1% had complementary relationships. These results suggest that a broad-spectrum approach should be feasible from a safety standpoint. This novel approach has potential to be relatively inexpensive, it should help us address stages and types of cancer that lack conventional treatment, and it may reduce relapse risks. A proposed agenda for future research is offered. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. ; Funding Agencies|Terry Fox Foundation Grant [TF-13-20]; UAEU Program for Advanced Research (UPAR) [31S118]; NIH [AR47901, R21CA188818, R15 CA137499-01, F32CA177139, P20RR016477, P20GM103434, R01CA170378, U54CA149145, U54CA143907, R01-HL107652, R01CA166348, R01GM071725, R01 CA109335-04A1, 109511R01CA151304CA168997 A11106131R03CA1711326 1P01AT003961RO1 CA100816P01AG034906 R01AG020642P01AG034906-01A1R01HL108006]; NIH NRSA Grant [F31CA154080]; NIH (NIAID) R01: Combination therapies for chronic HBV, liver disease, and cancer [AI076535]; Sky Foundation Inc. Michigan; University of Glasgow; Beatson Oncology Centre Fund; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity, ISCIII [PI12/00137, RTICC: RD12/0036/0028]; FEDER from Regional Development European Funds (European Union), Consejeria de Ciencia e Innovacion [CTS-6844, CTS-1848]; Consejeria de Salud of the Junta de Andalucia [PI-0135-2010, PI-0306-2012]; ISCIII [PIE13/0004]; FEDER funds; United Soybean Board; NIH NCCAM Grant [K01AT007324]; NIH NCI Grant [R33 CA161873-02]; Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Foundation Graduate Studentship; Ovarian and Prostate Cancer Research Trust, UK; West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission/Division of Science Research; National Institutes of Health; Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC) [IG10636, 15403]; GRACE Charity, UK; Breast Cancer Campaign, UK; Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship; Connecticut State University; Swedish Research Council; Swedish Research Society; University of Texas Health Science Centre at Tyler, Elsa U. Pardee Foundation; CPRIT; Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas; NIH National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); NIH National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); Gilead and Shire Pharmaceuticals; NIH/NCI [1R01CA20009, 5R01CAl27258-05, R21CA184788, NIH P30 CA22453, NCI RO1 28704]; Scottish Governments Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division; National Research Foundation; United Arab Emirates University; Terry Fox Foundation; Novartis Pharmaceutical; Aveo Pharmaceutical; Roche; Bristol Myers Squibb; Bayer Pharmaceutical; Pfizer; Kyowa Kirin; NIH/NIAID Grant [A1076535]; Auckland Cancer Society; Cancer Society of New Zealand; NIH Public Service Grant from the National Cancer Institute [CA164095]; Medical Research Council CCU-Program Grant on cancer metabolism; EU Marie Curie Reintegration Grant [MC-CIG-303514]; Greek National funds through the Operational Program Educational and Lifelong Learning of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF)-Research Funding Program THALES [MIS 379346]; COST Action CM1201 `Biomimetic Radical Chemistry; Duke University Molecular Cancer Biology T32 Training Grant; National Sciences Engineering and Research Council Undergraduate Student Research Award in Canada; Charles University in Prague projects [UNCE 204015, PRVOUK P31/2012]; Czech Science Foundation projects [15-03834Y, P301/12/1686]; Czech Health Research Council AZV project [15-32432A]; Internal Grant Agency of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic project [NT13663-3/2012]; National Institute of Aging [P30AG028716-01]; NIH/NCI training grants to Duke University [T32-CA059365-19, 5T32-CA059365]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan [24590493]; Ministry of Health and Welfare [CCMP101-RD-031, CCMP102-RD-112]; Tzu-Chi University of Taiwan [61040055-10]; Svenska Sallskapet for Medicinsk Forskning; Cancer Research Wales; Albert Hung Foundation; Fong Family Foundation; Welsh Government A4B scheme; NIH NCI; University of Glasgow, Beatson Oncology Centre Fund, CRUK [C301/A14762]; NIH Intramural Research Program; National Science Foundation; American Cancer Society; National Cancer Center [NCC-1310430-2]; National Research Foundation [NRF-2005-0093837]; Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Fund Grant [80028595]; Lustgarten Fund Grant [90049125, NIHR21CA169757]; Alma Toorock Memorial for Cancer Research; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (MSIP), Republic of Korea [2011-0017639, 2011-0030001]; Ministry of Education of Taiwan [TMUTOP103005-4]; International Life Sciences Institute; United States Public Health Services Grants [NIH R01CA156776]; VA-BLR&D Merit Review Grant [5101-BX001517-02]; V Foundation; Pancreatic Cancer Action Network; Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation; Childrens Cancer Institute Australia; University Roma Tre; Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC-Grant) [IG15221]; Carlos III Health Institute; Feder funds [AM: CP10/00539, PI13/02277]; Basque Foundation for Science (IKERBASQUE); Marie Curie CIG Grant [2012/712404]; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Avon Foundation for Women [OBC-134038]; Canadian Institutes of Health [MSH-136647, MOP 64308]; Bayer Healthcare System G4T (Grants4Targets); NIH NIDDK; NIH NIAAA; Shire Pharmaceuticals; Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology Research Assistantship Award; Italian Ministry of University; University of Italy; Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre (ACSRC); German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, BMBF) [16SV5536K]; European Commission [FP7 259679 "IDEAL"]; Cinque per Mille dellIRPEF-Finanziamento della Ricerca Sanitaria; European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) [278570]; AIRC [10216, 13837]; European Communitys Seventh Framework Program FP7 [311876]; Canadian Institute for Health Research [MOP114962, MOP125857]; Fonds de Recherche Quebec Sante [22624]; Terry Fox Research Institute [1030]; FEDER; MICINN [SAF2012-32810]; Junta de Castilla y Leon [BIO/SA06/13]; ARIMMORA project [FP7-ENV-2011]; European Union; NIH NIDDK [K01DK077137, R03DK089130]; NIH NCI grants [R01CA131294, R21 CA155686]; Avon Foundation; Breast Cancer Research Foundation Grant [90047965]; National Institute of Health, NINDS Grant [K08NS083732]; AACR-National Brain Tumor Society Career Development Award for Translational Brain Tumor Research [13-20-23-SIEG]; Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India [SR/FT/LS-063/2008]; Yorkshire Cancer Research; Wellcome Trust, UK; Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance Project CAMPUS-QUARC, within program FESR Campania Region; National Cancer Institute [5P01CA073992]; IDEA Award from the Department of Defense [W81XWH-12-1-0515]; Huntsman Cancer Foundation; University of Miami Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI) Pilot Research Grant [CTSI-2013-P03]; SEEDS You Choose Awards; DoD [W81XVVH-11-1-0272, W81XWH-13-1-0182]; Kimmel Translational Science Award [SKF-13-021]; ACS Scholar award [122688-RSG-12-196-01-TBG]; National Cancer Institute, Pancreatic Cancer Action Network, Pew Charitable Trusts; American Diabetes Association; Elsa U. Pardee Foundation; Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Oversea Scholars, State Education Ministry and Scientific and Technological Innovation Project, Harbin [2012RFLX5011]; United States National Institutes of Health [ES019458]; California Breast Cancer Research Program [17UB-8708]; National Institutes of Health through the RCMI-Center for Environmental Health [G1200MD007581]; NIH/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Training Grant [T32HL098062]; European FP7-TuMIC [HEALTH-F2-2008-201662]; Italian Association for Cancer research (AIRC) Grant IG [11963]; Regione Campania L.R:N.5; European National Funds [PON01-02388/1 2007-2013]

Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs). Conclusions and Relevance: The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer care.

Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data.