Suchergebnisse

The SUFRA project is based on a three level susceptibility mapping. According to the availability of more detailed data, the three scale for susceptibility mapping are increased respect to the ones suggested by the TIER group to 1:100,000, 1:50,000 and 1:25,000/1:10,000. The mapping levels exploit climatic, soil use (CORINE2009) and seismic informative layers, differentiating in the details of the core data (geology and topography), in the quality and resolution of the landslide inventory and in the modelling approach (Tab. 1). SUFRA_100 is based on a heuristic approach which is applied by processing a geologic layer (produced by ARTA integrating pre-CARG 1:100,000 geologic maps); the DEM exploited are IGMI 250m and the mapping units are 1km side square cells. Models are validated with respect to the PAI LIPs (Landslide Identification Points) which are reclassified adopting a simplified scheme. Output cuts of SUFRA100 will be referred to administrative boundaries (provinces). SUFRA50 is based on statistical analysis of new CARG geologic maps and 20m (ITA2000) - 2m (ATA2007) DEM. The mapping units are 500m and 50m cells, hydrographic and hydro-morphometric units. The landslide inventory is the IFFI2012_LIPs (first level) which is the result of the conversion in IFFI format of the PAI archive, which will be supported by remote landslide mapping (exploiting the ATA2007 aerial photos), according to the IFFI first level approach. Validation of the models will be performed exploiting both random spatial partition and temporal partition methods. Output cuts of SUFRA50 will be based on physiographic (basin) and administrative (municipalities) boundaries. SUFRA10/25 is based on statistical analysis of new CARG geologic maps (remotely and field adapted) and 2m (ATA2007) DEM. The mapping units are the slope units (SLUs) which are derived by further partitioning the hydro-morphometric units so to obtain closed morphodynamic units. The landslide inventories is the IFFI2012 which is the results of a field supported (on focus) landslide remote systematic mapping, according to the IFFI full level approach. Examples of SUFRA_100, SUFRA_50 and SUFRA_10 are presented for some representative key sector of Sicily. First results attest for the feasibility and goodness of the proposed protocol. The SUFRA program aims at enabling the regional governmental administration to cope with landslide prevision, which is the required operational concept in land management and planning. PAI has been a great advance with respect to the "pre-SARNO" conditions, but it is very exposed to fail: it is a blind approach for new activations; it is critically dependent on the quality of the landslide inventories; it cannot project the susceptibility outside the landslide areas

"'Social innovation' is a construct increasingly used to explain the practices, processes and actors through which sustained positive transformation occurs in the network society (Mulgan, G., Tucker, S., Ali, R., Sander, B. (2007). Social innovation: What it is, why it matters and how can it be accelerated. Oxford: Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship; Phills, J. A., Deiglmeier, K., & Miller, D. T. Stanford Social Innovation Review, 6(4):34-43, 2008.). Social innovation has been defined as a 'novel solution to a social problem that is more effective, efficient, sustainable, or just than existing solutions, and for which the value created accrues primarily to society as a whole rather than private individuals.' (Phills, J. A., Deiglmeier, K., & Miller, D. T. Stanford Social Innovation Review, 6(4):34-43, 2008: 34.) Emergent ideas of social innovation challenge some traditional understandings of the nature and role of the Third Sector, as well as shining a light on those enterprises within the social economy that configure resources in novel ways. In this context, social enterprises - which provide a social or community benefit and trade to fulfil their mission - have attracted considerable policy attention as one source of social innovation within a wider field of action (see Leadbeater, C. (2007). 'Social enterprise and social innovation: Strategies for the next 10 years', Cabinet office, Office of the third sector http://www.charlesleadbeater.net/cms/xstandard/social_enterprise_innovation.pdf. Last accessed 19/5/2011.). And yet, while social enterprise seems to have gained some symbolic traction in society, there is to date relatively limited evidence of its real world impacts. (Dart, R. Not for Profit Management and Leadership, 14(4):411-424, 2004.) In other words, not much is known about the social innovation capabilities and effects of social enterprise. In this chapter, the authors consider the social innovation practices of social enterprise, drawing on Mulgan, G., Tucker, S., Ali, R., Sander, B. (2007). Social innovation: What it is, why it matters and how can it be accelerated. Oxford: Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship: 5) three dimensions of social innovation: new combinations or hybrids of existing elements; cutting across organizational, sectoral and disciplinary boundaries; and leaving behind compelling new relationships. Based on a detailed survey of 365 Australian social enterprises, the authors examine their self-reported business and mission-related innovations, the ways in which they configure and access resources and the practices through which they diffuse innovation in support of their mission. They then consider how these findings inform their understanding of the social innovation capabilities and effects of social enterprise, and their implications for public policy development." (author's abstract)

Lovisolo, H. R.; Abreu, M. (2012). ONG: valores anticapitalistas e administração capitalista. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, segunda época 14, 109-123. ; Pretendemos neste trabalho refletir sobre o que denominamos a "penetração e adoção do modelo administrativo no campo das organizações não governamentais", que se postulam como alternativa ao capitalismo e ao mercado e se autoidentificam com a missão de incluir os desfavorecidos em áreas variadas de atividades e direitos: produção, saúde, educação, renda e outras. Desde Max Weber, a racionalidade da administração e da contabilidade capitalista foi conceituada como indicador privilegiado de seu desenvolvimento, além da acumulação de riquezas. O significativo seriam as formas de acumulação baseadas na racionalidade da "contabilidade capitalista", sob o pano de fundo dos mecanismos competitivos de mercado. Administração racional e mercado formador de preços são os fundamentos e indicadores da existência e do desenvolvimento do capitalismo. A partir de um caso extremo, de uma ong que tem como principal objetivo a mudança cultural e política em relação à prostituição, mostraremos a penetração, quase que automática, da racionalidade capitalista sob a forma privilegiada de "plano de negócio". O paradoxo que apontamos é que, em nome da luta contra o capitalismo e o mercado, mediante a criação de formas organizativas de produção e inclusão, a racionalidade capitalista estaria se expandindo por meio da incorporação de seus instrumentos de racionalidade. ; We intend in this paper to reflect on what we call the "entering and adoption of the administrative model in the field of non-governmental organizations", which are postulated as an alternative to capitalism and to the market and that identify themselves with the mission of including disadvantaged groups in various areas of activities and rights: production, health, education, income and others. Since Max Weber, the rationality of capitalist management and accounting has been conceptualized as a privileged indicator of its development, beyond the accumulation of wealth. The most important would be the forms of accumulation based on the rationality of the "capitalist accounting", under the backdrop of competitive market mechanisms. Rational administration and market prices maker are the principles and indicators of the existence and the development of capitalism. From one extreme case, of an ngo whose main objective is the political and cultural change regarding prostitution, we will show the presence, almost automatic, of capitalist rationality under the form of "business plan". The paradox is that on behalf of the struggle against capitalism and the market, through the creation of organizational forms of production and inclusion, the capitalist rationality would be expanding itself through the incorporation of its rationality instruments.

En este trabajo se aborda la reforma de la contabilidad gubernamental en Colombia −iniciada en 1991 y que se extiende hasta la actualidad− buscando contribuir a la comprensión de la génesis y del desarrollo del Sistema Contable Público Colombiano. Un elemento novedoso reside en documentar parte del proceso de adaptación de las International Public Sector Accounting Standards, IPSAS, a un contexto específico. Así, la pregunta central del documento es: ¿Puede considerarse el proceso desarrollado en la contabilidad gubernamental en Colombia como una innovación? Desde un enfoque descriptivo y analítico, soportado en documentos públicos y en fuentes secundarias, los autores caracterizan lo acontecido siguiendo el modelo del proceso de reforma de la gestión financiera propuesto por Lüder (2002). Se analizan las variables estructurales, comportamentales e instrumentales que han participado en el proceso, y se ubica el estado de la reforma. Además, se identifican algunos motivadores y obstáculos en la adopción-adaptación de innovaciones tales como las IPSAS. ; This work addresses the reform of governmental accounting in Colombia, which began in 1991 and currently continues, in order to better understand the origins and development of the Colombian Public Accounting System. One new element consists in documenting part of the process of adaptation of the International Public Sector Accounting Standards - IPSAS - to a specific context. Thus, the central question of the document is whether or not the process carried out in governmental accounting in Colombia can be viewed as an innovation. Using a descriptive and analytical approach supported by public documents and secondary sources, we characterize what has happened in accordance with the Financial Management Reform Process Model proposed by Lüder (2002). Structural, behavioral and instrumental variables that have had an effect on the process are analyzed along with the current status of the reform. Also, certain motivators and obstacles in the adoption and adaptation of such innovations as the IPSAS are identified. ; Neste trabalho, aborda-se a reforma da contabilidade governamental na Colômbia, iniciada em 1991 e que se estende até a atualidade, buscando contribuir para a compreensão da gênese e desenvolvimento do Sistema Contábil Público Colombiano. Um elemento novo reside em documentar parte do processo de adaptação das International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) a um contexto específico. Assim, a pergunta central do documento é: pode se considerar um processo desenvolvido na contabilidade governamental na Colômbia como uma inovação? A partir de um enfoque descritivo e analítico, suportado em documentos públicos e em fontes secundárias, caracterizamos o acontecido seguindo o Modelo do Processo de Reforma da Gestão Financeira, proposto por Lüder (2002). Analisam-se as variáveis estruturais, comportamentais e instrumentais que participaram do processo e se encontra o estado da reforma. Além disso, identificam-se alguns motivadores e obstáculos na adoção-adaptação de inovações tais como as IPSAS.

This research evaluated the effects of trade openness in the different presidential terms, in economic growth in Colombia (1970-2009). Drawing on the main institutional reforms and trade agreements relating to the management of trade liberalization and the dynamics of exports and imports disaggregated Colombia. y developing an ANOVA model was compared and identified the degree of trade liberalization on the different presidential terms, considering periods of openness to those governments in which the degree of openness was statistically similar to the presidential term of Cesar Gaviria Trujillo (base category, and / or comparison) and protection of journalists that were statistically lower. Subsequently developed a model ANCOVA, where economic growth depended on the degree of trade openness and a dummy variable indicating the presence or absence of presidential openness. The research results show that administrations of Alfonso López Michelsen and Virgilio Barco had obtained a similar openness to the government of Cesar Gaviria. In addition, it appears that only three of the ten presidential terms was studied an average trade balance surplus in Colombia. In conclusion, the relationship between trade openness and economic growth in Colombia is reversed and there is no difference in the effect caused by the presence of presidential disclosure and protection in the country's economic growth. ; En esta investigación se evaluaron los efectos del grado de apertura comercial en los diferentes períodos presidenciales, en el crecimiento económico de Colombia (1970-2009). Tomando como referencia las principales reformas institucionales y acuerdos comerciales, relacionados con el manejo de la apertura comercial y la dinámica de las exportaciones e importaciones desagregadas de Colombia. Mediante la elaboración de un modelo ANOVA se comparó e identificó el grado de apertura comercial en los diferentes períodos presidenciales, considerando períodos aperturistas a aquellos gobiernos en los cuales el grado de apertura fue estadísticamente similar al período presidencial de Cesar Gaviria Trujillo (categoría base y/o de comparación) y proteccionistas a los períodos que fueron estadísticamente inferiores. Posteriormente, se elaboró un modelo ANCOVA, donde el crecimiento económico dependía del grado de apertura comercial y de una variable Dummy que indica la presencia o ausencia de períodos presidenciales aperturistas. Los resultados de la investigación demuestran que en administraciones como la de Alfonso López Michelsen y Virgilio Barco se había obtenido un grado de apertura similar al del gobierno de Cesar Gaviria. Además, se evidencia que solo en tres de los diez períodos presidenciales estudiados se obtuvo en promedio un superávit en la balanza comercial colombiana. Concluyendo, que la relación entre el grado de apertura comercial y el crecimiento económico de Colombia es inversa y no existe diferencia alguna en el efecto que causa la presencia de períodos presidenciales aperturistas y proteccionistas en el crecimiento económico del país.

Preprint of our chapter for the book edited by S. van der Linde, European Archaeology Abroad. Global Settings, Comparative Perspectives, that will come out during 2013 published by Sidestone Press, Leiden, the Netherlands. This book and the present chapter are a major product from the project "Archaeology in Contemporary Europe", funded by the Culture Program of EU, and lead by INRAP, in which Incipit and Leiden University participated from 2007 to 2012 ; For the last ten years, the Institute of Heritage Sciences of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and the University of the Republic in Uruguay (Universidad de la República, UdelaR) have had cooperation links. These began as research projects, but have now led to the establishment of a joint scientific research and work unit. The recent creation of the Landscape Archaeology and Heritage Laboratory (in Spanish, LAPPU), as a scientific unit of the UdelaR, is the final and most outstanding result of this international cooperation. The LAPPU mainly carries out activities in the field of the integrated management of cultural heritage. Its focus is on the consolidation of lines of action aimed at the integration of cultural heritage within public policies, institutional enforcement, knowledge transfer, local development and the socialization and participative construction of heritage through different projects and inter-institutional agreements.In this paper we will present the epistemological basis and the path towards the cooperation we have maintained, exemplified by one of our main projects: The Archaeological Landscape of Lowlands in Uruguay, which took place in the rural areas of Tacuarembó. This archaeological and anthropological project has its foundations in the research-project Situated in Place and in the dialogical interaction between local and global, rural and urban, and traditional and modern, as a way of generating practical knowledge and instruments for local community empowerment. The specific act of researching "other heritages" that represent groups of indigenous peoples and those of African origin who have been marginalized culturally and historically in the construction of the Uruguayan Nation -State has made it possible to create a platform for multi-vocal and postcolonial articulation on different levels (such as academics, politicians, urban public, rural communities and African descendants). But it has also led us to deal with new ways of approaching heritage (not only in academic practices but also in social processes) involving new actors and including inter-generational dialogues. As a result, participative methodologies emerged as something engaged in the very nature of heritage understood as a social resource. From these experiences, the challenge for the LAPPU will be to de-centralise and create more platforms for the articulation of these multi-vocal approaches to heritage. ; This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. ; Peer reviewed

This paper discusses the different forms and conditions of incorporating collections from the judiciary by executive bodies. For such, we use the custodial history of the Juízo de Órfãos de São Paulo archives as a reference. An instance of the Brazilian justice between the 16th and 20th centuries, the Juízo de Órfãos de São Paulo is currently fragmented in several institutions of custody and under different denominations. Similarly, other archives from judiciary bodies underwent similar processes for custody transfer. However, this type of situation is not restricted to the past: nowadays, even under legally established norms and guidelines for the implementation of document management programs, it is still possible to find, recurrently, the adoption of similar procedures for the incorporation of collections. We therefore intend to establish a parallel between these two moments and the Brazilian archival legislation in force. ; El presente trabajo busca discutir las diversas formas y condiciones de incorporación de acervos procedentes del poder judiciario por órganos del poder ejecutivo. Para eso, utilizaremos para conducir el debate, la historia de custodia del archivo procedente del Juízo de Órfãos de São Paulo, instancia de la justicia brasileña existente entre los siglos XVI y XX, que actualmente se encuentra fragmentada en varias instituciones, bajo distintas denominaciones. De la misma ma­nera, otros archivos originarios de órganos de la justicia, sufrieron semejante proceso de transferencia de guardia. Sin embargo, ese tipo de situación no se res­tringe a épocas pasadas, en los días actuales, mismo con normas y orientaciones legalmente establecidas para la implantación de programas de gestión documental, todavía es posible encontrar a menudo la adición de procedimientos similares de incorporación de acervos. Procuraremos aquí establecer un paralelo entre esos momentos y la legislación archivística brasileña en vigor. ; O presente trabalho procura discutir sobre as diversas formas e condições de incorporação de acervos oriundos do poder judiciário por órgãos do poder executivo. Para isso, utilizaremos como fio condutor a história custodial do arquivo procedente do Juízo de Órfãos de São Paulo, instância da justiça brasileira existente entre os séc. XVI e XX, que atualmente se encontra fragmentado em várias instituições de guarda, sob diferentes denominações. Do mesmo modo, outros arquivos provindos de órgãos do judiciário passaram por semelhante processo de transferência de guarda. Contudo, esse tipo de situação não se restringe a épocas passadas, nos dias atuais, mesmo conforme normas e orientações legalmente estabelecidas para a implantação de programas de gestão documental, ainda é possível encontrar, recorrentemente, a adoção de procedimentos similares de incorporação de acervos. Procuraremos aqui, fazer um paralelo entre esses dois momentos e a legislação arquivística brasileira em vigor.

A necessity to find new options to improve quality of study process becomes a priority in high education worldwide. So far signifant efforts have been used to improve quality of studies and a number of measures have been adoped to control it. There a few documents of advisory nature, which seek to respond to quality issues. Nevertheless, high unemployment rate with young population and increase of low quality study programes in high shools of Lithuania unfortunately indicate a non-satisfactory level of study process in Lithuania. Wheareas measures that have been used so far failed to achieve their goals, it is necessary to review means of improvement of study process in Lithuania again. Study process is a complex process, which consists of separate segments, such as lecturing, evaluation of knowledge of students, motivation of students, etc. All of such segments influence the quality of studies, while defects also have an effect on the overall process. The main goal of this master"s thesis is to analize options of improvement of study process in the universities of the Republic of Lithuania with a students point of view. The following tasks were chosen to achieve the said goal: -to discuss the fundamental strategic documents regulating quality issues in study process in Lithuania and European Union; -to disclose elements and mechanisms of quality of studies, which have effect on the study process; -to review aspects of study processes in universities of Lithuania; -to investigate the role of the Center of Evaluation of Quality of Studies in the process of improvement of study process; -to analize and compare the attitude of students and experts towards the study process in universities of Lithuania; The object of the thesis – universities of the Republic of Lithuania. Inquiry of students proved the following thesis: the quality of study processes in the universities of Lithuania does not meet the requirements and expectations of students. Most often they are not satisfied with the relationship with their professors, interface with the lecturers, motivation and enthusiasm of professors, accessibility of professors, lack of means to motivate students. They feel as if they are disregarded and not understood. This is a process dimension. Interview with experts of the Center of Evaluation of the Quality of Studies proved that quality of the process of studies in Lithuania still has certain deficiencies, especially in the area of infrastructure of studies, also in the area of organization (management) of studies. It has also been stated that the quality of the process of studies in Lithuania is not improving. Measures, which are used to ensure quality of studies, are aimed to achieve high competetive results of a university. However, too little attention is drawn to improve the process of studies itself.

A necessity to find new options to improve quality of study process becomes a priority in high education worldwide. So far signifant efforts have been used to improve quality of studies and a number of measures have been adoped to control it. There a few documents of advisory nature, which seek to respond to quality issues. Nevertheless, high unemployment rate with young population and increase of low quality study programes in high shools of Lithuania unfortunately indicate a non-satisfactory level of study process in Lithuania. Wheareas measures that have been used so far failed to achieve their goals, it is necessary to review means of improvement of study process in Lithuania again. Study process is a complex process, which consists of separate segments, such as lecturing, evaluation of knowledge of students, motivation of students, etc. All of such segments influence the quality of studies, while defects also have an effect on the overall process. The main goal of this master"s thesis is to analize options of improvement of study process in the universities of the Republic of Lithuania with a students point of view. The following tasks were chosen to achieve the said goal: -to discuss the fundamental strategic documents regulating quality issues in study process in Lithuania and European Union; -to disclose elements and mechanisms of quality of studies, which have effect on the study process; -to review aspects of study processes in universities of Lithuania; -to investigate the role of the Center of Evaluation of Quality of Studies in the process of improvement of study process; -to analize and compare the attitude of students and experts towards the study process in universities of Lithuania; The object of the thesis – universities of the Republic of Lithuania. Inquiry of students proved the following thesis: the quality of study processes in the universities of Lithuania does not meet the requirements and expectations of students. Most often they are not satisfied with the relationship with their professors, interface with the lecturers, motivation and enthusiasm of professors, accessibility of professors, lack of means to motivate students. They feel as if they are disregarded and not understood. This is a process dimension. Interview with experts of the Center of Evaluation of the Quality of Studies proved that quality of the process of studies in Lithuania still has certain deficiencies, especially in the area of infrastructure of studies, also in the area of organization (management) of studies. It has also been stated that the quality of the process of studies in Lithuania is not improving. Measures, which are used to ensure quality of studies, are aimed to achieve high competetive results of a university. However, too little attention is drawn to improve the process of studies itself.

Esta tesis estudia las acciones que el gobierno francés llevo a cabo durante los años 60 para afrontar al turismo masivo de sol y playa. Estas acciones tuvieron como objetivo responder al desequilibrio económico del territorio francés. La tesis se centra en el análisis de los proyectos de dos estaciones turísticas de fundación ex - nihilo que forman parte de la Ordenación turística de litoral de Languedoc-Roussillon: La Grande-Motte y Port Leucate-Barcarès, proyectos en donde Jean Balladur y Georges Candilis, architectes en chef de las estaciones, manifestaron sus propias percepciones de la arquitectura moderna. El principal objetivo de la tesis es conocer valores, relaciones y aportaciones del Movimiento Moderno a la arquitectura y urbanismo de los casos de estudio. El análisis crítico de los proyectos abre la posibilidad de estudiar las repercusiones e influencia de los proyectos de las estaciones turísticas, al espacio turístico internacional. La tesis está estructurada en dos partes. La primera parte conforma un marco teórico e historiográfico explicando los temas que permitieron conocer el contexto en el que se desarrollaron los proyectos de las estaciones turísticas. La segunda parte, describe planes y proyectos con el propósito de estudiar la aplicación de los principios modernos en su concepción urbana-arquitectónica y analizar la posible adaptación de estos principios a la arquitectura del ocio. ; This thesis examines the actions that the French government carried out during the sixties, to address the mass tourism of sun and beach. These actions were intended to respond to the economic imbalance of France. The thesis focuses at the analysis of the projects of two founding tourist resorts ex - nihilo as part of Coastal tourism management in Languedoc-Roussillon: La Grande-Motte and Port Leucate-Barcarès, projects where Jean Balladur and Georges Candilis, architectes en chef of the stations, expressed their own perceptions of modern architecture. The main goal of the thesis is to find values, relationships and contributions of the modern movement to architecture and urbanism of the case studies. Critical analysis of the project opens the possibility of studying the impact and influence of tourism station projects, to the international tourism areas. The thesis is structured in two parts. The first part forms a theoretical and historiographical framework explaining the issues that led to know the context in which tourist resorts projects were developed. The second part describes plans and projects to study the application of modern principles in urban and architectural design, and analyze the possible adaptation of these principles to the architecture of leisure. ; Postprint (published version)

Energy plays an important role in everyday activities, whether at a personal, institutional, corporate or social level. In this context, an informed or literate public is critical for the longterm conservation, management, pricing and use of increasingly scarce energy resources. A series of surveys were used to probe the literacy of Canadians with regard to energy issues ranging from relative ranking and importance of energy compared to other national issues, preference for various fuel types and willingness to pay for offsetting environmental impacts from energy generation. In addition, they were asked how Canada's government should prioritize national energy independence over trade, even if ultimately reducing imports might impact national economic health. The survey revealed that Canadians have a good general knowledge of energy use and relative cost but lack detailed knowledge about sources of energy fuels, as well as sources and linkages with environmental impacts. However, an overwhelming majority of respondents indicated they were concerned about environmental issues; most seemed to direct that concern towards fuels such as coal and nuclear power where support was low compared to a relatively unconcerned view about the often substantial environmental effects of hydro dams or wind farms. Canadians say they have been willing to make adjustments to their own energy-consumption habits, to save money and conserve energy. Further, respondents generally expressed a willingness to pay a surcharge on monthly utility bills, if it would help mitigate the environmental impact of energy generation. There were limits to this view. Support for extra charges falls off rapidly as the costs go up; drivers showed themselves highly resistant to switching their commute to transit, even despite rising gas prices; and respondents were less enthusiastic to the idea of installing home solar panels or switching to electric cars, even when offered a subsidy to do so. In spite of some limitations regarding overall energy literacy, Canadians are also highly skeptical about the information they do get from virtually every stakeholder in the energy arena. In terms of trust and confidence, overall, respondents said they were more willing to listen to academics and economic experts; only a small majority was willing to fully trust those information sources at even low levels. In this serious topic area, respondents indicated they could not trust the credibility of environmental groups, and considered the oil and gas industry and governments by far the least trustworthy sources of information. Finally, in terms of future policy development, most cite the importance of Canada's energytrading relationship with the United States, but believe it is too dominant, and should diminish, with more effort focused on opening up new export markets elsewhere.

Aims: Medication faults, broadly defined as any error in the advising, distributing, or management ofa treatment, nevertheless whether such mistakes lead to confrontational penalties or not, are the singlemost inevitable cause of patient maltreatment. Incidences of medication error rates vary widely, as a resultof the variety of altered study methods and descriptions used. Several thousand individuals are dyingin the world because of the prescription errors every year, at the same time these errors cost billions ofdollars annually. This study was conducted in the department of Pharmacy Practice, College of ClinicalPharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia from 1st October 2010 to 31st December 2011, toinvestigate the prescriptions regarding errors.Materials and Methods: The prescriptions were collected from different hospitals of Eastern region ofSaudi Arabia and analyzed in the department of Pharmacy Practice College of Clinical Pharmacy Al-Ahsa. The information in the prescriptions was evaluated statistically.Results: A total of 500 prescriptions were processed. In evaluation it was found that out of 500 prescriptionswere having fatal errors like age (4.6%), weight (98.8%), Diagnosis (30%), Dosage (14.6%), were not declared.Along with that a number of errors and inconsistencies were noticed in the prescriptions studied.Conclusion: There is need of a comprehensive review of the government's control system on prescriptionerror in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. ; Objetivo: Los fallos de medicación, generalmente definidos como cualquier error en el asesoramiento,distribución o manejo de un tratamiento, sin importar si dichos errores conllevan sanciones o no, son lacausa más inevitable de mal tratamiento en el paciente. Las tasas de errores de medicación estudiadasson muy variables, como resultado de la alta variedad de definiciones y métodos de estudio utilizados.Miles de personas mueren en el mundo cada año debido a errores de prescripción lo que supone ungasto anual de miles de millones de dólares. El presente estudio se llevó a cabo en el departamento deFarmacia Práctica, Facultad de Farmacia Clínica, Universidad de King Faisal, Al-Ahsa, Arabia Saudí del 1de Octubre de 2010 al 31 de Diciembre de 2011 con el objetivo de investigar errores de prescripción.Material y método: Las prescripciones fueron recogidas de diferentes hospitales de la región este deArabia Saudí y fueron analizadas en el departamento de Farmacia Práctica, Facultad de Farmacia Clínica.La información de las prescripciones fue analizada estadísticamente.Resultados: Se procesaron un total de 500 prescripciones. Tras la evaluación se detectaron errores fatalescomo edad (4,6%), peso (98,8%), diagnóstico (30%), o dosificación (14,6%), que no fueron notificados. Sedetectaron errores adicionales e inconsistencias en las prescripciones estudiadas.Conclusión: Es necesario una revisión en profundidad de los sistemas gubernamentales para el control delos errores de prescripción en Al-Ahsa, Arabia Saudí.

Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as it is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea level. In this framework, sea level rise is virtually certain. This will impact ecosystems, coastal areas, human health, and economies. Vietnam is very likely to be one of the most affected countries with its 3200 km of shorelines with amplified vulnerability in large areas already affected by subsidence such as the Mekong and Red River deltas. In January 2009, international broadcast news have relayed the information that 27 houses located on the southern coast of Vietnam, in the fishing village of Phan Thiet, 200 km east of Ho Chi Minh City, have collapsed and that another hundred buildings were also threatened of destruction. According to experts, this event was definitely one of the consequences of global warning. This article shows, using the multi dates of Google Earth, that this assumption is not correct and highlights the real causes of this rapid and inevitable retreat of the coastline in this village, namely the mismanagement of natural resources, the lack of land use planning and the non-existence of policies focused on natural hazard management in the uncontrolled construction the seaside resort of Mui Ne, a few kilometers east. ; Le réchauffement climatique est une réalité, attesté par des observations les plus diverses comme l'élévation globale des températures de l'atmosphère et des océans, l'extension de la fonte des neiges et des glaciers et la montée des niveaux marins. Ce dernier élément est potentiellement une certitude ; la montée du niveau de la mer affectera à l'avenir les zones côtières, l'ensemble de leurs écosystèmes, la santé humaine et les économies régionales. Le Vietnam est vraisemblablement une des régions qui sera parmi les plus touchées par le phénomène avec ses 3200 km de côtes qui amplifieront une vulnérabilité résultant déjà de la subsidence des deltas du Mekong et du Fleuve rouge. En janvier 2009,une émission internationale d'information a relayé la nouvelle que 27 habitations situées dans le village de pêcheurs de Phan Thiet situé sur la côte méridionale du Vietnam, à 200 km à l'est d'Hô Chi Minh-Ville, s'étaient effondrées et qu'une centaine d'autres étaient menacée de destruction. Selon des experts, cet événement serait à considérer comme la conséquence indubitable du réchauffement climatique. Le présent article tend à démontrer, en utilisant les données de Google Earth, que cette hypothèse est infondée. Il met en évidence les causes réelles du retrait rapide et inévitable de la ligne de rivage au niveau du village, à savoir : l'inexistence de politique de gestion des risques naturels, l'absence totale de plan d'aménagement régional, les constructions incontrôlées des lieux de villégiature côtiers de Mui Ne situés quelques kilomètres à l'est. ; Peer reviewed

Este artículo ofrece los resultados de un estudio comparado de dos municipios: Venado Tuerto y San Rafael de la República Argentina, que presentaron tendencias diferentes en relación a las tasas de homicidios por armas de fuego. La metodología combinó dos estrategias de análisis: por un lado, entrevistas semi-estructuradas con informantes clave (funcionarios municipales y provinciales en distintas áreas de la gestión, y referentes de organizaciones no gubernamentales) y, por el otro, grupos focales con actores vinculados a la atención médica, la educación y las instituciones religiosas. Los resultados sugieren una distancia muy corta entre las ciudades en las cuales las tasas han aumentado y aquellas en las que han disminuido. La diferencia más significativa es que en Venado Tuerto se encontró una mayor fragilidad en las instituciones públicas, por la falta de articulación entre las mismas. En tanto en San Rafael, los actores entrevistados atribuyen el bajo nivel de conflictividad a una red de prevención de violencias en la cual se coordinan agencias provinciales y municipales. Sin tratarse, ni Venado Tuerto, ni San Rafael, de ciudades violentas en los niveles latinoamericanos más truculentos, ambas muestran resultados diferentes que apuntan directamente a la posibilidad de juntar a las instituciones en un entramado de conversaciones, acuerdos y políticas en conjunto. ; This article presents the results of a comparative study of two Argentinian cities, namely Venado Tuerto and San Rafael, which revealed different trends in the rates of firearm-related homicides. The methodology combined two strategies of analysis: semi-structured interviews with key informants (municipal and provincial government agents in different areas of management, as well as members of non-governmental organizations) and focus groups with actors involved in medical care, education, and religious institutions. The results suggest little difference between cities in which rates have increased and those in which rates have decreased. The most significant difference was that in Venado Tuerto a greater fragility of public institutions was observed due to the lack of articulation between such institutions. In San Rafael, the actors interviewed attribute the low level of conflict to a violence prevention network in which provincial and municipal agencies interact. Although neither city is violent at the most critical Latin American levels, the different results shown in Venado Tuerco and San Rafael indicate the possibility of bringing institutions together in a joint framework of conversations, agreements and policies. ; Documento incorporado en 2019 en el marco del "Programa de becas de experiencia laboral" de la Biblioteca Profesor Guillermo Obiols para estudiantes de Bibliotecología, a partir de un procedimiento técnico de captura de datos desarrollado por el personal del IdIHCS. ; Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación

El establecimiento de criterios para la evaluación de la investigación científica en muchos países se ha considerado una necesidad apremiante para planificar la asignación de recursos, justificar las inversiones y formular políticas con base objetiva, entre otras posibilidades, pero en Venezuela, esta labor es aún incipiente. Por tal motivo esta investigación se propone explorar algunas de las más importantes razones que justifican la necesidad de la evaluación científica en el país desde la perspectiva bibliométrica, y con ello, motivar a la ejecución de tales estudios. La metodología empleada fue de tipo documental, con base en la revisión de artículos científicos, reportes en la WEB, trabajos de investigación, documentos legales y de gestión y demás materiales donde se aborda la situación de la ciencia en Venezuela, lo cual explica la amplia lista de fuentes consultadas. Los resultados puntualizan razones como la coyuntura política, en la que se reconoce la evaluación de la pertinencia de la ciencia como una tarea pendiente, su declaración como área prioritaria de desarrollo, la necesidad de estudios con indicadores integrales, el impulso a partir de proyectos regionales, entre otras. En conclusión, puede decirse que éste es el momento oportuno para emprender dichos estudios en Venezuela, dado el incremento de las exigencias para la labor científica en el país y en la región latinoamericana.Palabras clave: evaluación de la investigación, producción científica, Venezuela Some Reasons from Bibliometrics to Evaluate the Venezuelan Scientific Research In many countries the establishment of criteria for evaluating scientific research has been considered as a pressing need when planning the allocation of resources, and to justify the investment policies with an objective base. In Venezuela this work is just beginning. For this reason the objective of this research is to explore some of the most important reasons that justify the need for scientific evaluation in the country from the bibliometric perspective and thereby encourage the implementation of such studies. The methodology used was documentary-style, based on the review of scientific articles, reports on the Web, research studies, legal and management documents and other materials addressing the state of science in Venezuela. Accordingly the list of consulted sources is extensive. The results show reasons as the political situation assessment recognizing the relevance of science as an unfinished task, its declaration as a priority area of development, the need for comprehensive studies of indicators, the momentum of regional projects, among others. In conclusion it may be said that now is the best time to undertake evaluation studies in Venezuela because of the increased demand for scientific work in the country and in Latin America.Keywords: evaluation research, scientific production, Venezuela