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This paper sets out to examine the development of Chinese sales genres in relation to the changing social context. An approach embracing both social context and communicative purposes (Swales, 1990) is proposed and used in this paper. Fundamental changes have taken place in Chinese business context since the economic opening-up in 1978. In response to these changes, sales letters have emerged to meet the communicative needs of business. An introduction is given to sales genres in two different periods of business communication: the delinking period (1949-78) and the relinking period (1978 to the present). In the first period, sales 'qingshi' (requests raised by subordinates), and sales 'pifu' (official approvals) were employed. The second period is characterized by the use of the sales letters to reflect the change towards the market economy. In addition, the use of the specific sales genres is largely determined by reader-writer relationships under different economic structures of the country. While an equal relationship is shown in sales letters in the second period, a hierarchical relationship is exhibited in the sales genres used in the first period. The article explores how language can been used as a resource of cultural value and creative power in Australian English. The paper reveals how Australian politicians use political language rhetoric as a powerful tool in gaining political advantages. Several segments of so-called "public discourse" have been analysed, but the author mainly focuses on two areas of speech: how politicians use their language skills in gaining public support, and how they shirk responsibility. Special discoursal features of these speeches have been compiled and categorised. The speeches are studied from the various angles of discourse analysis and political rhetoric techniques.

From Oracle Bones to Computers not only provides a succinct yet in-depth account of the development of writing technologies in the five thousand years of China's history but also develops an operationalized model of rhetorical analysis that can be applied to the study of any writing technology development.

Where and when do academics write and what are the feelings associated with it? Is the pressure to write a fulfilling process of joyful exploration, or is it stressful and wracked with self-doubt? Inspired by Henri Lefebvre's Rhythmanalysis, this article explores the rhythmic dispositions and orientations of contemporary academic writing, exposing the perils of neoliberal quantification and fragmentation in relation to the practice and experience of writing. The critical examination of Helen Sword's guide to successful academic writing and a critique of the material and abstract spaces destined to contemporary academic writing inform the analysis, revealing problematic contractions and ruptures in the spatio-temporal continuum that organically connects reading, thinking and writing. The article makes therefore a case for the use of Rhythmanalysis as a diagnostic method capable of signalling – by detecting arrhythmias – the increasing disjunction between the institutional demands of accelerated production and the slower, irrational rhythms of craftsmanship. By politicising the pathologies of contemporary academic writing, Rhythmanalysis discloses its potential as a progressive political resource: both as a radical call for appropriation and as a counter-discourse, it allows to restore a more harmonious relationship between thinking, reading and writing against dominant forms of productivist fragmentation, while shedding light on the non-places and dead times of our everyday writing habits.

The impact of globalization has caused so many changes in our social life. One of the impacts is technology that we must be familiar with. Moreover, the influence of technology has encompassed in almost all aspects. As the technology improves, recently comes up the term to manifest the era of technology that we know as revolutionary of 4.0. The revolution 4.0 has brought a challenge to all countries to have capability to compete not only within their own country but also with the whole world. Therefore, every country needs to produce appropriate human resource who is capable with it otherwise they will be left behind. That is why, it is hoped that each country need to be well prepared in facing this technology era or the revolution 4.0. One of the countries that have made its own preparation is Indonesia. Indonesia is one of the biggest countries in the south East Asia that has 17.508 islands with the total of the wide is about 1.9 million km2 and achieves as the fourth most populous in the world. This huge amount of Indonesia make the government realize that Indonesia needs to well prepare. One of the apects that is concerned by the govenment of Indonesia is education. Since education becomes the door of the successful of youth generation future, it is a must that the government has to take a step. That is why, the growing of level research project in Indonesia is quite significance. Thus, the government asks univeristy as the spearhead of education to design a curriculum relateted to revolution 4.0. Therefore, writing becomes one of the main concerned in realizing this project. By producing a lot of of writing text, a country will gain much knowledge from the result of the text itself ad so do the people of the country. Unfortunatly, it is quite difficult to plant the spirit of writing in Indonesian. Since we know that Mahatma Gandhi is a famous and good writer from India who is able to drive out the colonisation of Britain from India, not by violence but by his idealism and thought that set forth in his ...