Suchergebnisse

The objective of the Macroeconomic Reforms and Sustainable Development in Southern Africa project was to facilitate the attainment of sustainable development objectives agreed at the United Nations' Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in June 1992, in which Tanzania participated. The two natural resource-based sectors of tourism and mining were chosen for analysis. Despite the difficulty of linking policy explicitly to particular economic activity performance, macroeconomic indicators show that economic policies stimulated economic activity resulting in, among other things, a significant increase in economic growth, declining inflation, declining deficits, and an increase in tax revenue collection. The mining and tourism sectors' share of GDP increased significantly, and both sectors have contributed greatly to employment generation. However, these economic gains have come at the cost of environmental degradation, social hardship and the breakdown of social norms and values. Such results indicate that the country is not yet on a sustainable development path. While good policies exist and are being improved, there has been a failure of policy implementation over the years. With good policies, appropriate integrative strategies, commitment and political will, the country may attain a sustainable development path. (Dev South Afr/DÜI)

This article applies a short-term computable general equilibrium model for Zimbabwe to trace the direct and indirect effects of policy on the macroeconomy and tourism. The results show that the main reason why benefits from tourism are bypassing the country is because of poorly sequenced macroeconomic policies and a negative political climate. As and when the national political situation stabilises and the economy begins to grow again, an urgent macroeconomic thrust should be to implement a credible macroeconomic stabilisation programme, consisting in the main of reduced fiscal deficits, flexible foreign exchange markets and tight monetary policies to rein in inflation. However, because Zimbabwe is in arrears, there can be no programmes or lending with the International Monetary Fund and World Bank. Getting the budget in order without aid money will be very tough indeed, and the alternative is worse. It means debt deflation by means of hyperinflation. (Dev South Afr/DÜI) (CGE= Computable General Equilibrium)

"Megatrends of World Politics identifies globalization, integration, and democratization as three key trends shaping the future of world politics and international relations, and demonstrates their effects in today's global processes. The authors of this book discuss the essence of these three megatrends of world politics, describing their dynamic and non-linear development, and exploring how they manifest themselves. Assessing megatrends of world politics makes it possible to predict further global political development. The authors proceed from several assumptions: (1) megatrends are global - they operate everywhere around the globe, although with different intensity and in diverse forms; (2) they influence and sometimes generate a variety of other trends in today's world politics; and (3) megatrends are political. The three megatrends - globalization, integration, and democratization - are identified and justified based on these three parameters, then the authors analyze the influence and manifestation of megatrends in various spheres of world politics, including terrorism, transregionalism, communication technologies, migration, pandemics, and subnational regions. This book will be of interest to students, scholars and researchers of international relations and adjacent fields who are studying the trajectories of global development, globalization, integration, and democratization"--

This presents, in concise form, some of the main findings of the Zambian component of a study carried out in four African countries between 1997 and 2000. A political economy approach is used to examine the interaction between segments of government, donors, the private sector, and rural communities, both historically and in recent times. It is found that the structural adjustment framework adopted in 1989 has modified the interplay of forces contending for control over natural resources, but not to the benefit of rural communities and the poor in general. Some recommendations are advanced for policy review, changes in administration, and legislative change. (Dev South Afr/DÜI)