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When, in 1935, Congress provided for federal regulation of inter-state motor transportation by the Interstate Commerce Commission,it made applicable to the Commission's regulatory orders with respect to motor carriers the same system of judicial review which it had devised for orders relating to railroads in the Urgent Deficiencies Act of 1913.' This invoked not only the naked statutory review provisions but also, at least by analogy, the mass of judicial decisions applying the 1913 legislation to Commission orders involving railroads. The statutory provisions for review of orders of the Interstate Commerce Commission have been codified into Title 28 of the U.S. Code,sections 1253, 1336, 1398, 2284, 2321-2325 (1952). They have two principal features: (1) such orders are reviewed by a United States district court composed of three judges (with exceptions discussed below),and (2) from the judgment of the three-judge court a direct appeal lies to the Supreme Court.

James and Karla Murray have been capturing impeccable photographs from the streets of New York City since the 1990s; Store Front II chronicles their continued efforts to document a little-known but vitally important cross-section of New York's Mom and Pop economy. The Murrays' penetrating photographs are only half the story, though. In the course of their travels throughout the city's boroughs the Murrays have taken great care to document the stories behind the scenery. Their copious background texts, gleaned largely from interviews with the stores' owners and employees, bring wonderful color and nuance to the importance of these unique one-off establishments. The Murrays have rendered the out of the way bodegas, candy shops and record stores just as faithfully as the historically important institutions and well known restaurants, bars and cafes. From the Stonewall Inn to the Brownsville Bike Shop and The Pink Pussycat to Smith and Wolensky, the Murrays reveal how New York's long-standing mom & pop businesses stand in sharp contrast to the city's rapidly evolving corporate facade

This ground-breaking work is the result of research by Plan International China and the China Agricultural University on children who have been left behind in their rural villages when their parents migrate to cities in search of work. When evaluating and studying the huge impact of migration in China understanding the situation of left-behind children offers many valuable lessons

This book demolishes the widely held view that the phrase 'medieval business' is an oxymoron. The authors review the entire range of business in medieval western Europe, probing its Roman and Christian heritage to discover the economic and political forces that shaped the organization of agriculture, manufacturing, construction, mining, transportation and marketing. Businessmen's responses to the devastating plagues, famines, and warfare that beset Europe in the late Middle Ages are equally well covered. Medieval businessmen's remarkable success in coping with this hostile new environment was 'a harvest of adversity' that prepared the way for the economic expansion of the sixteenth century. Two main themes run through this book. First, the force and direction of business development in this period stemmed primarily from the demands of the elite. Second, the lasting legacy of medieval businessmen was less their skillful adaptations of imported inventions than their brilliant innovations in business organization

Senators James E. Murray and Mike Mansfield discuss possible solutions to the electrical power shortage in Montana ; https://scholarworks.umt.edu/mansfield_audio/1101/thumbnail.jpg

This paper reports on a study of staff knowledge and attitudes in relation to policies on HIV infection in organisations providing services to people with intellectual disabilities. Staff in three different service providers (NHS, Social Service and private and voluntary organisations) were sent the Staff Attitudes Towards Persons with Learning Disabilities and HIV Infection Scale (LDHIVS; Murray & Minnes, 1994a). The response rate was 54%, (N = 178): 46% of respondents did not know or were unsure of policies concerning clients with HIV infection; 69% of respondents reported that these policies either did not influence their behaviour or that they were unsure if they did. Results also indicated that staff working in a direct‐care capacity for the NHS held less positive attitudes towards clients with HIV infection than NHS staff working in a management capacity. The results are discussed with reference to HIV prevention, health promotion and appropriate service support for people with intellectual disabilities.

AbstractThis study investigated staff attitudes towards individuals with learning disabilities and AIDS in combination with staff attitudes towards client sexuality. Two hundred and forty‐six respondents (55% of those invited to participate) from one organisation in Scotland voluntarily and anonymously returned the nine‐item Staff Attitudes Towards persons with Learning Disabilities and AIDS (LDAIDS) scale (Murray & Minnes, 1994b) and the Sexuality and Persons with Learning Disabilities Attitude Inventory (SPLDAI; Brantlinger, 1983; Murray & Minnes 1994a). Results indicated that staff held moderately positive attitudes towards individuals with a learning disability and AIDS. Regression analysis showed that while controlling for staff demographic and contact variables, attitudes towards client sexuality (SPLDAI) predicted 22% of the variance in scores of attitudes towards clients with learning disabilities and AIDS., Forty‐four percent of participants employed in a direct residential care capacity agreed with mandatory testing of clients for HIV infection. The implications of these findings are discussed with relevance to issues raised by Cambridge (1994) who explored the informed consent/mandatory testing issue. Directions for future research and limitations of the study are also discussed.