Suchergebnisse

Résumé
Cet article dresse un portrait des perceptions et des pratiques des hommes qui ont des rapports sexuels fréquents et non protégés avec d'autres hommes dans un climat sociolégal défini par la décision, en 1998, de la Cour suprême du Canada dans l'affaire R. c. Cuerrier. Depuis cette décision, les personnes séropositives se retrouvent de plus en plus souvent en cour et plusieurs d'entres elles essaient d'incorporer des raisonnements légaux dans leurs propres comportements. La construction judiciaire des comportements à risque en matière de transmission du VIH repose sur un ensemble de présuppositions concernant la responsabilité individuelle, les interactions rationnelles et contractuelles ainsi que les adultes consentants. Ces présuppositions suscitent une série d'ambiguïtés et d'incertitudes chez les personnes séropositives qui essaient de les incorporer dans leur vie quotidienne. Tandis que certaines personnes supportent le raisonnement dans l'affaire Cuerrier, d'autres luttent avec les dilemmes pratiques dans les interactions sexuelles, et une minorité avance un raisonnement éthique qui repose avant tout sur la mise en garde. Ce type de raisonnement est commun dans un environnement social dans lequel les personnes séropositives sentent des pressions les incitant à ne pas divulguer leur séropositivité, d'autant plus qu'elles risquent de faire face à un rejet ou une discrimination suite à cette divulgation. Un examen des conséquences sociales de Cuerrier mène à un questionnement sur la viabilité d'une stratégie de renforcement de la divulgation par la menace d'une poursuite en cour criminelle comme méthode efficace de prévention du VIH, d'autant plus que la prévention de la transmission du VIH a lieu, de façon pragmatique et quotidienne, lorsque les gens se protègent lors des rapports sexuels plutôt que de se fier sur la divulgation.

A third aspect of individual well-being within a society is analyzed in terms of twelve sequential national probability surveys of individual well-being in the United States from April 1973 through May 1974. This third aspect, in contrast to (1) absolute levels of well-being and (2) feelings of power over individual well-being (i.e., anomie, alienation, and soon), concerns the cultural framework of interrelated dimensions, here discussed as the "structure of well-being," in terms of which individuals evaluate well-being within a society. Alternative structures of well-being for the United States are drawn from existing research and examined for adequacy in describing covariation among twelve indicators of satisfaction with various aspects of life activities. A structure composed of four dimensions; positive affect, negative affect, satisfaction with domains, and general satisfaction, is found to be most adequate of the alternatives. The expected relative stability of the structure of well-being over the twelve sequential national surveys is demonstrated. Implications of the analysis for the study of individual well-being are discussed.

"Report" (11 p.) submitted by Mr. Murray (for himself and Mr. Kilgore) "Minority views" (5 p.) by Mr. Revercomb, from the Committee on military affairs. ; Caption title. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Hearing young voices is of paramount importance, particularly as some voices are seldom-heard, including those of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT+) youth. Recent research highlighting mental health disparities for these populations led to the formation of the Irish LGBTI+ National Youth Strategy, which prioritized youth participation through a Youth Advisory Group (YAG). A policy analysis of the initiation of the Strategy outlines the convergence of problems, policies and politics using a Multiple Streams Approach (MSA), with quantitative literature suggesting substantial vulnerabilities. This is enhanced through qualitative exploration of the views of six youth co-authors, with experiential expertise, and as YAG members. A university ethics committee granted approval for online recorded consultations via group, pair and individual interviews. The theme of 'seen and heard' highlighted unprompted discussions on discursive assumptions representing young LGBT+ identities almost solely in relation to mental health risk. These rich narratives problematize the (in)visibility and silence in representations of the diversity of LGBT+ youth identities, which may inadvertently reinforce stigma. This underscores the need for comprehensive and inclusive school curricula. While MSA may explain prioritization for policy initiation, participation potentially disrupts unintended negative consequences. This article concludes by emphasizing how 'learning with' LGBT+ young people can ensure research, policy and practice speaks directly to youth interests and concerns.

Both the medical care and public health systems have invested considerable resources to define, measure, and improve quality and health outcomes. A movement toward accountability has generated performance indicators from the medical arena and "leading health indicators" from the public health arena.

Primary infection of legumes by rhizobia involves the controlled localized enzymatic breakdown of cell walls at root hair tips. Previous studies determined the role of rhizobial CelC2 cellulase in different steps of the symbiotic interaction Rhizobium leguminosarum-Trifolium repens. Recent findings also showed that CelC2 influences early signalling events in the Ensifer meliloti-Medicago truncatula interaction. Here, we have monitored the root hair phenotypes of two legume plants, T. repens and M. sativa, upon inoculation with strains of their cognate and non-cognate rhizobial species, R. leguminosarum bv trifolii and E. meliloti, (over)expressing the CelC2 coding gene, celC. Regardless of the host, CelC2 specifically elicited 'hole-on-the-tip' events (Hot phenotype) in the root hair apex, consistent with the role of this endoglucanase in eroding the noncrystalline cellulose found in polarly growing cell walls. Overproduction of CelC2 also increased root hair tip redirections (RaT phenotype) events in both cognate and non-cognate hosts. Interestingly, heterologous celC expression also induced non-canonical alterations in ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) homeostasis at root hair tips of Trifolium and Medicago. These results suggest the concurrence of shared unspecific and host-related plant responses to CelC2 during early steps of symbiotic rhizobial infection. Our data thus identify CelC2 cellulase as an important determinant of events underlying early infection of the legume host by rhizobia. ; This work was supported by Grant AGL2015-70510-R from MINECO (Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness). E.M. and M.R. were supported by PhD fellowships from the Spanish government.

At head of title: 79th Congress, 2d session. Senate committee print. no. 14. ; Mode of access: Internet.

"Publications issued by the Senate Special committee on small business": pt. 1, p. 44-46. ; Submitte by Mr. Murray. ; Title varies: pt. 1, Progress report of the Special committee to study problems of American small business, United States Senate . pt. 2, Report of the Bureau of the budget, together with a letter from the Advisory committee on government questionnaires to the Special committee to study problems of American small business, United States Senate . pt. 3, Preliminary report of the Special committee to study problems of American small business, United States Senate . pt. 4, Report . ; pt. 1. Senate small business committee, its record and outlook.--pt. 2. Two years of progress under the Federal reports act.--pt. 3. Impact of reconversion policies on small business.--pt. 4. Small business price problems and government stabilization policies. ; Mode of access: Internet.

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the effect of drug coverage on viral suppression (sVL) in Ontario, Canada, where there is no universal coverage of prescription drugs, including antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS: Ontarians without employment coverage may be eligible for varying degrees of coverage through government-sponsored programs. Remaining individuals pay all expenses entirely out of pocket. Among participants on ART enrolled in the Ontario HIV Treatment Network Cohort Study (OCS) who were interviewed in 2008–2013 with known or imputable drug coverage, we estimated the prevalence with sVL (< 200 copies/mL) as of their last viral load each year. We calculated prevalence ratios (PR) according to time-updated socio-economic and behavioural factors using multivariable generalized estimating equations with a log-link function. Multiple imputation was used to assess the sensitivity of these findings to different assumed missing data models. RESULTS: One thousand two hundred forty-seven participants were included (3463 person-years). Compared to study participants with employer coverage, individuals covered through the Ontario Drug Benefit (ODB) were less likely to be suppressed (PR, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96, 0.93–0.98). After multivariable adjustment, ODB remained independently associated with less success in achieving sVL (adjusted PR, 95% CI 0.98, 0.95–0.99). These findings were robust to different assumptions about the missing data. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that drug coverage can affect viral suppression in our setting. Further research is needed to identify the mechanisms by which coverage interacts with individual patient factors to affect viral suppression. Mechanisms to improve access and coverage for ART are needed. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.17269/s41997-018-0104-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.