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Цель. Статья посвящена выдающейся личности, внесшей огромный вклад в формирование и развитие тибетской теократии на рубеже XVII–XVIII вв. В целях полноценного раскрытия темы, была поставлена задача отражения роли и места Кунчена Жамьяна Шадпы Дорже в социально-политической обстановке в Тибете.Результаты. В ходе исследования выявлено, что Кунчен Жамьян Шадпа Дорже сыграл значительную роль в становлении тибетской государственности, в качестве известного религиозного и общественно-политического деятеля. Будучи авторитетным и вполне независимым религиозным иерархом, он всегда придерживался одной принципиальной политической позиции, схожей с политической ортодоксией, отвечающей политическим интересам традиции Гелугпа, и направленную на защиту её верховного положения. Этот аспект жизнедеятельности тибетца до сих пор до конца не исследован.Область применения результатов. Поэтому данная статья имеет большую практическую значимость в области буддологии, востоковедения, религиоведения, а также представляет научный интерес для широкого круга читателей, интересующихся буддизмом и его историей. ; Purpose. This article about an outstanding personality, which has made an enormous contribution to the formation and development of the Tibetan theocracy.Results. Kunchen Zhamyan Shadpa Dorje has played a significant role in the formation of Tibetan nationhood, as a credible political figure. Being credible and completely independent hierarch, he has always taken a principled political position, in spite of the folding of the circumstances and the confrontation between political rivals. It is therefore possible to perceive his position as political orthodoxy, which corresponds to the political interests of tradition and they aimed at protecting its high position. The article reflects the role and place of Kunchen Zhamyan Shadpa Dorje in the socio-political situation in Tibet at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries, as a religious leader. This aspect of Tibetan life activity is still not fully researched.Practical implications. That's why this article is of great practical significance in the field of buddology, Oriental Studies, religious studies, and has scientific interest for wide range of readers interested in Buddhism and its history.

Climate change will have a profound effect on humans and our environment. Recognizing this, federal agencies have begun to incorporate a more detailed discussion of climate change considerations into the Environmental Impact Statements (EISs) that they prepare for major federal actions, such as the approval of resource management plans and public infrastructure projects, in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). The Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) has also issued draft guidance on how agencies should evaluate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and climate change effects in NEPA reviews. To provide insight into how federal agencies are accounting for climate change in the environmental review process, the Sabin Center conducted a survey of federal EISs published from July 2012 through December 2014. First, we divided the EISs into twelve project categories: electric generation; electric transmission; fossil fuel development; mining; forestry; parks and wildlife; other land management; marine management; public works; transportation; buildings and real estate; and military, space and government research. We then evaluated whether the EISs discussed ten topics related to climate change (all emissions refer to GHG emissions): Mitigation Considerations: (1) Direct operational emissions (2) Emissions from construction (3) Emissions from induced trips (4) Emissions from purchased electricity (5) Other emissions (6) Comparison of emissions from alternatives; Adaptation Considerations: (7) Impact of climate change on the proposed action (8) Impact of climate change on water resources; Efficiency Considerations: (9) Energy efficiency (10) Water efficiency. This survey is a follow-up to a prior assessment of climate change considerations in EISs published from January 2009 through July 2012, which found that most federal agencies addressed climate change to some extent in EISs, but that the specific impacts considered and methodology used to evaluate those impacts varied greatly between agencies. Excel databases with the results from both surveys are available on our website.

В субъектах РФ большое внимание отводится деятельности социально ориентированных некоммерческих объединений ; среди них важное место отводится молодежным и детским общественным объединениям. Для продуктивной работы таких объединений необходима государственная поддержка различной направленности. В каждом регионе существуют свои программы ; для поддержки молодежных и детских общественных объединений ; в рамках которых на конкурсной основе объединения могут получить субсидии ; для покрытия части своих

Ross, Dennis: Doomed to succeed : the U.S.-Israel relationship from Truman to Obama. - [New York/N.Y.] : Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2015‡‡Allin, Dana H. ; Simon, Steven N.: Our separate ways : the struggle for the future of the U.S.-Israel alliance. - New York/N.Y. : PublicAffairs, 2016‡‡Waxman, Dov: Trouble in the tribe : the American Jewish conflict over Israel. - [Princeton/N.J.] : Princeton University Press, 2016

One of the many influences in the development of American constitutionalism was the old English common law. As early as the thirteenth century, the English government began to develop policies of administration and taxation that would be the beginning of a representative and more limited government.1 The Magna Carta, drafted in 1215 to serve the aristocracy, functioned as an adaptive document to meet the needs of the colonists in America. They took the notion of no taxation without consent and the idea of limited government in forming their own definitive policies. Americans also used the common law to generate the core of their own bill of rights. Some of these core issues were the right to a trial by a jury of one's peers, the right to a speedy trial, the right to compensation for the taking of private property and equal protections under the law. The idea that a judge should not have interest in any case in which he sits in judgment helped to spark the idea of separation of powers. Twenty percent of America's bill of rights had first been stated in the Magna Carta.2