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Cover -- Half Title -- Series -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Part One Theoretical Foundations: Private International Law and Globalization -- 1 Introduction: Private Law in a World of Globalization -- 2 The Theory and Practice of Transnational Legal Pluralism -- 3 Talking Past One Another: Private International Law and International Political Economy -- Part Two Private Law Technologies and the Construction of Globalization -- 4 The Technologies of Private International Law I: Contract and Party Autonomy -- 5 The Technologies of Private International Law II: The Pluralism-Harmonization Dynamic -- 6 The Technologies of Private International Law III: International Commercial Arbitration and the Private Settlement of Disputes -- 7 International Investment Law and Investor-State Arbitration: Incorporating Private Law Technologies into Public Law -- Part Three Conclusion -- 8 PIL and Power in the Contemporary Political Economy: Contention Amidst Cooperation -- Bibliography -- Index.

AbstractThis article provides a working taxonomy of the concept of 'alignment' in the discipline of International Relations (IR); a heretofore major deficiency in the otherwise abundant literature on alliance/alignment. It further contends that the label 'alliance' is commonly employed reflexively and unreflectively, where in fact the term 'alignment' would be a superior and more accurate descriptor. This contention is buttressed by empirical developments in international politics. The article makes the case that the contemporary security environment is characterised by multiple forms of 'alignment', not just alliances, in their many guises. In addition, we can identify 'coalitions', 'security communities', and 'strategic partnerships'; all distinctly different from the conventional 'alliance' archetype. It concludes that a change in our thinking about defining and conceptualising alignment and alliance is required to bring disciplinary work closer in line with the paradigmatic shift that is occurring in contemporary international politics.

The changing dynamics of international politics with US military withdrawal from Afghanistan have affected the Southwest Asian geopolitical landscape. While international players have their interests, they involve regional and neighbouring states in their actions frequently; thus, regional complexities arise. Pakistan was engaged in peaceful execution of the US exit strategy from Afghanistan; however, it demanded an overall shift in policy in a changing regional environment. Besides, Pakistan's strategic and economic cooperation with China through CPEC has further enforced its prospects to be a significant player in regional politics. Pakistan's challenges are countering India's regional hegemonic designs and aggressiveness in Indian illegally occupied Kashmir, maintaining a neutral stance over the Iranian front vis-a-vis Saudi Arabia, and addressing the TTP factor. Despite international players' competition, Pakistan has multiple options for attaining balance through CPEC and shifting from competition to cooperation. This paper, therefore, analyses international players' security interests in the region and suggests openings for Pakistan through CPEC considering Regional Security Complex theory.

Bibliography Entry
Gul, Saima, Shamaila Farooq. 2021. "Changing US War Politics in Southwest Asia and Regional Cooperation through CPEC." Margalla Papers 25 (2): 91-97.

In this article I seek to expand our understanding of the output legitimacy of international organizations (IOs). At the conceptual level, I refute the widespread view that output legitimacy is just a synonym for organizational effectiveness or efficiency. I argue instead that output legitimacy has an important democratic dimension. The touchstone of 'democratic output legitimacy' is the extent to which systems of governance produce results that cater to the public interest. Accordingly, the democratic output legitimacy of IOs can be understood in terms of their ability to safeguard the global public interest. This ability hinges upon their capacity to keep powerful factions in check, protect human rights, and safeguard a high epistemic quality of decisions. Attaining these qualities may require shielding IOs to some extent from the input dimension of the international political process. I do not, however, unconditionally praise de-politicization of IOs. I engage with the problem of technocratic paternalism, which is imminent when decision-making based on assumed citizen interests escapes confrontation with articulated citizen interests. The challenge is to devise global governance arrangements that enable an encompassing debate over the substance of the global public interest when needed, while keeping pressure from powerful factions at bay.

Studies of the new middle-class often write about the anxieties of falling behind with its members acquiring their middle-class status from uncertain and unpredictable market values. This type of anxiety is typical for members of the white-collar middle-class who often deal with pressures to maintain a conspicuous consumption level to remain in the middle strata. I argue that some of the anxieties associated with wealth experienced by the new middle class in Vietnam are also the result of a mode of governmentality that is used by the state to boost individual self-reliance and economic efficiency with the appeal of public contributions. Governmentality, in Foucault's proposition, consists of technologies that allow the state to govern individuals from a distance with the vision of correct conduct. This mode of governance is done in Vietnam through the idea of "moral conduct", by which the state guides the autonomous economic activities of individuals with the moral appeal of public contributions. This paper looks at the performance and experiences of Vietnamese female NGO professionals in the process of marketisation and privatisation in Vietnam. I show that their economic and professional performances demonstrate the morality of domestic responsibilities and public contributions, resembling the symbol of the virtuous woman in Vietnam's Confucian and socialist tradition, a symbol which continues to be applauded by the state. The findings in this paper are drawn from my PhD research project at the University of Leeds, with data collected from a six-month fieldwork study conducted in Hanoi between 2016 and 2017.

Acknowledgments -- Contents -- About the Editors and Contributors -- Chapter 1: Introduction: The International as an Object for Thought -- Genesis and Construction of the Book -- Foucault: The Explosives Expert -- The International as an Object for Thought -- Foucault, the International and IR: Aborted Encounter -- The Field of IR and Foucault -- Levels of Reading -- Notes -- Part I: De-disciplining Knowledge About the International -- Chapter 2: The Figure of Foucault and the Field of International Relations -- IR as a Field of Study -- Foucault Reconfigured -- Discontinuities -- Domains -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Chapter 3: Michel Foucault and International Relations: Cannibal Relations -- Introduction: Cannibal Relations -- International Relations and Political Science in France: Why Foucault Never Met Duverger -- Doing International Studies Differently: Foucault on War, Space, Territory, Population and Governmentality -- Using Foucault to Re-launch the Debate on Borders, Mobility and Freedom -- Governance and Governmentality, Welfare, Risk and (Flexi)security -- Security, Biopolitics, Surveillance and Perfect Future: Dispositifs of Power and Resistance -- Conclusion: For the Death Relevailles, a Warning and Some Questions -- Notes -- Chapter 4: The Microphysics of Power Redux -- Prologue: The Jaws of Migration -- From Microphysics to Governmentality... and Back? -- Forces and Struggles -- Bodies -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Part II: Between Philosophy and Method -- Chapter 5: Political Spirituality: Parrhesia, Truth and Factical Finitude -- Factical Finitude -- Political Spirituality and Parrhēsia -- The Ethos of the Subject of Truth -- Alethurgy -- Prosopopoeia: Figuring Truth and Rule -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Chapter 6: Power as Sumbolon: Sovereignty, Governmentality and the International -- Sumbolon -- Foucault's Trajectory on Power