Suchergebnisse

Abstrak -- Jurnal ini membahas faktor-faktor penyebab konflik lahan antara TNI-AD dengan masyarakat di Desa Setrojenar Kecamatan Buluspesantren Kabupaten Kebumen dan peran pemerintah daerah Kabupaten Kebumen serta optimalisasi yang dilakukan dalam penyelesaian konflik lahan periode Tahun 2007 hingga 2017. Dimana antara TNI-AD dan masyarakat saling mengklaim lahan di pesisir selatan Kebumen yang terkenal dengan konflik lahan Urutsewu. TNI-AD sejak jaman dulu sudah menggunakan lahan tersebut untuk latihan dan uji coba senjata dan petani juga menggarap lahan untuk pertanian. Secara legalitas TNI-AD berhak atas lahan tersebut karena mempunyai dasar PP Nomor 76 Tahun 2014 tentang Penataan Wilayah Pertahanan Negara yang sudah masuk IKN Kemhan, namun implementasi dilapangan belum dilaksanakan dengan baik. Untuk mengamankan aset negara tersebut TNI-AD memagari lahan sebagai batas antara milik TNI-AD dan masyarakat, namun hal tersebut mendapat perlawanan dari masyarakat. Upaya resolusi konflik yang pernah dilakukan adalah rekonsiliasi dan mediasi, hal tersebut sementara dapat meredam konflik. Oleh karena itu peneliti merasa perlu untuk mengangkat tema resolusi konflik lahan sebagai judul dan pokok pembahasan dalam jurnal ini. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi dan studi pustaka. Sedangkan dalam analisis kasus, peneliti menggunakan beberapa teori dan konsep yaitu teori konflik, Teori resolusi konflik, teori identitas sosial, Analisa SAT, konsep konflik lahan, konsep pertahanan negara dan pokok-pokok dasar agraria. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkkan faktor penyebab konflik kepemilikan lahan di Urutsewu. TNI kurang memperhatikan tertib administrasi kepemilikan lahan sehingga lahan yang dulunya marginal dan tidak mempunyai produktifitas tinggi berubah menjadi lahan yang subur. Dengan produktifnya lahan di Urutsewu ini ada keinginan masyarakat untuk memiliki, sehingga terjadilah konflik. Langkah optimalisasi yang diambil TNI-AD yaitu mengembalikan trauma di masyarakat akibat konflik dengan melaksanakan operasi pembinaan teritorial pada masyarakat di Urutsewu.Kata Kunci: resolusi konflik lahan, rekonsiliasi, mediasi, konflik lahan di buluspesantren Abstract -- This journal discusses the factors that cause land conflicts between the Army and the community in Setrojenar Village, Buluspesantren Subdistrict, Kebumen Regency and the role of the Kebumen Regency local government as well as optimizing the resolution of land conflicts in the period 2007 to 2017. Where between the Army and the community are mutually claiming land on the southern coast of Kebumen which is famous for the Urutsewu land conflict. The Army has since used the land for training and weapons testing and farmers also cultivated land for agriculture. The legality of the Indonesian Armed Forces has the right to the land because it has the basis of Government Regulation Number 76 of 2014 concerning Regional Defense Arrangements that have entered the IKN Ministry of Defense, but the implementation in the field has not been implemented properly. To secure the country's assets, the Army guarded the land as the boundary between the property of the Army and the community, but it received resistance from the community. The efforts of conflict resolution that have been carried out are reconciliation and mediation, this can temporarily reduce conflict. Therefore researchers feel the need to raise the theme of land conflict resolution as the title and subject matter of this journal. This research is a qualitative research with data collection methods through interviews, observation and literature. While in case analysis, researchers used several theories and concepts, namely conflict theory, conflict resolution theory, social identity theory, SAT analysis, the concept of land conflict, the concept of national defense and the basic points of the agrarian basis. The results of this study show the factors causing land ownership conflicts in Urutsewu. The TNI paid little attention to orderly administration of land ownership so that land that was once marginal and did not have high productivity turned into fertile land. With the productive land in Urutsewu, there is a desire of the community to own it, so conflicts occur. The optimization step taken by the Indonesian Armed Forces was to restore trauma to the community as a result of the conflict by carrying out territorial coaching operations in the community in Urutsewu.Keywords: land conflict resolution, reconciliation, mediation, land conflic in buluspesantren

THE DYING PILLOW (aka SMOOTHING THE PILLOW OF DYING RACE) For 12 cymbals (four - twelve players), composed 2015. Duration variable. Commissioned by Synergy Percussion as part of the 40 x 40 project. PROGRAM NOTE To quell the violence on the frontiers of early Australia, to reduce devastation by disease and to provide Aborigines with a 'humane' environment while their race died out, colonial governments introduced systems of 'protective' legislation. The first was in 1860 in South Australia, where a Chief Protector was appointed to watch over the interests of Aboriginal people and to 'smooth the pillow of dying race'. Similar legislation was passed in Victoria (1869), Queensland (1897), Western Australia (1905) and New South Wales (1909). These laws were a way of 'protecting' Aborigines from violence on the frontier. By designating territory for Aborigines, it was hoped that the conflict between settlers and Aborigines over land would stop and that Aborigines would use the settlement land to farm and become self-sufficient, thus improving their 'destitute' state and reducing their reliance on the government for rations. This piece was inspired by a recent evidencing of increasing racism in Australia, and features text in the background which has been taken from documents in the National Library of Australia. The title is a play on the original news article headline above, pointing to a more positive future where the 'pillow' is not required. A digital or hard copy of the score is available from Material Press. INSTRUCTIONS This score should be read in the Decibel Scoreplayer (see below). You have the option in the Application to change the speed, Performer instructions for the piece are in the score file when you open it on the iPad. Each player is assigned a colour. A smooth flat line indicates a soft dynamic, and the widening of the line means getting louder. Use a bow to play the cymbal and try as where possible to make the bow change inaudible. A 'dot' at the end or start of a line means to articulate the start or end in some strong way, if there is no dot you should ease in at the start and let the cymbal ring out at the end. Floating 'dots' are soft cymbal strikes that can ring out (i.e.do not require dampening). These can be on the cymbals being bowed, or on others - which could be crotales or any other type of 'cymbal like' instrument. NOTE TO PERFORMERS The majority of my compositions use scores that are read on an iPad tablet computer, using the Decibel ScorePlayer , an application available on the App Store . Any fixed media is embedded in the score, and some feature automated functions. In the case of ensemble works, multiple iPads can be networked on a LAN or over the Internet so parts can be read in a synchronised way. You should upload the score file (ending with.dsz) to your iPad from your computer via AirDrop on an Apple, or cable from a PC. Instructions on how to do this and using the Decibel ScorePlayer , more generally are included in the Application, which ships with five other scores. Thus my works have different versions of the score, as you may see above. A PDF/PNG file of the score 'image', a DSZ file to upload onto the iPad for performance, and for some less complex scores, a video version. Hardcopies are also available from my publisher. You can find out more about the Decibel ScorePlayer , and how to make your own scores for it, here. PERFORMANCES Syzergy Percussion, online project with video by Sam James, 2016, 1'20" version. Yarnwire, StonyBrook University, 2019, 8'30" version. MATERIALS ATTACHED DecibelScorePlayer file, score image, instructions. Below are three video resources: the score as video, a live performance, and the original video for the Synergy Percussion project.

Abstrak -- Belum optimalnya sistem keamanan nasional di tengah perkembangan lingkungan strategis global dan domestik, mendorong urgensi lahirnya sebuah Grand Strategy keamanan nasional yang komprehensif agar dalam gelar kekuatan nasional Indonesia mampu menghadapi dinamika ancaman saat ini dan yang akan datang. Namun ketiadaan Grand Strategy keamanan nasional yang komprehensif membuat kerancuan dalam pelaksanaan sistem keamanan nasional khususnya ketika terdapat tumpang tindih tugas pokok dan fungsi masing-masing perangkat alat keamanan nasional, yang memiliki strateginya masing-masing. Hal ini turut pula menyebabkan menurunnya ketahanan bangsa dan negara sehingga patogen ancaman dari luar gampang masuk menjangkiti kondisi instabilitas yang rentan. Untuk itu diperlukan sebuah kajian untuk menganalisis kembali penyusunan Grand Strategy Keamanan Nasional sehingga gelar kekuatan nasional Indonesia dapat berjalan optimal sebagai tema penelitian ini. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan studi literatur. Dalam kajian analisa ini peneliti menggunakan strategy formulation model yakni kerangka formulasi strategi oleh National Defense University dan U.S Army War College Department National Security Policy and Strategy. Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa dalam penyusunan grand strategy keamanan nasional harus didasarkan dengan tujuan nasional yang mengandung nilai-nilai, keyakinan, filosofi, serta etik Indonesia. Selanjutnya hal ini dicerminkan dalam kepentingan nasional untuk dituangkan dalam kesatuan Grand Strategy keamanan nasional, yang turut menjadi obyektif nasional Indonesia (ends). Sementara itu, dalam hal kekuatan nasional sendiri (means) tidak hanya memasukkan unsur sumber daya nasional sebagai elemen kekuatan nasional Indonesia, namun juga memasukkan instrumen kekuatan nasional misalnya saja berupa DIMEFIL (diplomacy, information, military, economic, financial, intelligent, law enforcement), serta memasukkan unsur aktor sebagai Users untuk menghasilkan gelar kekuatan nasional yang optimal. Untuk penggunaan cara (ways) dapat menggunakan penahanan, atau supremasi sesuai dengan cakupan konsep kekuatan nasional (Means).Kata kunci : grand strategy, lingkungan strategi, kekuatan nasional Abstract -- The lack of optimal national security system in the midst of developments in the global and domestic strategic environment, encourages the urgency of the birth of a comprehensive national security strategy for Indonesia national power is able to face the current and future threat dynamics as this journal theme. However, the absence of a comprehensive national security Grand Strategy has created confusion in the implementation of the national security system, especially when there are overlaps in the basic tasks and functions of each national security actors, which has its own strategies. This also contributes to the decline in the resilience of the nation and state so that pathogens from outside threats can easily infect vulnerable conditions of instability. Therefore, a study is needed to re-analyze the preparation of the National Security Grand Strategy so the deployment of Indonesian national power can run optimally as the theme of this research. This research is a qualitative research with data collection methods through interviews, observation, and literature studies. In this analysis study, researchers used a strategy formulation model, namely the strategy formulation framework by National Defense University and the U.S Army War College Department's National Security Policy and Strategy. The results of this study are that in the making of the national security grand strategy, it must be based on national purposes that contain Indonesian values, beliefs, philosophies and ethics. Furthermore, this is reflected in the national interests to be expressed in the unity of the national security Grand Strategy, which also becomes the ends of the Indonesian national. Meanwhile, in terms of national power alone (means) not only includes elements of national resources as elements of Indonesia's national strength, but also includes national power instruments such as DIMEFIL (diplomacy, information, military, economic, financial, intelligent, law enforcement) , and include elements of actors as Users to produce optimal national power titles. For the use of ways, can use detention, or supremacy in accordance with the scope of the concept of national power (Means).Keywords: grand strategy, strategic environment, national power

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye ekonomisinin sanayi döngüleri, Avrupa Birliği (AB), Fransa, Almanya, Birleşik Krallık ve Hırvatistan gibi ülkelerle karşılaştırılmıştır. Daha sonrasında ise Türkiye'nin hem Avrupa Birliğinde euro kullanan 19 ülke ile hem de şu andaki 28 üye ülkenin sanayi döngüleriyle eş entegrasyonunun tespiti için bir model geliştirilmiştir. Bu modelde Türkiye'nin sanayi üretim endeksi bağımlı değişken, AB ülke grupları (AB 19 ve AB 28) için sanayi üretim endeksleri açıklayıcı değişeken olarak kullanılmış, Türkiye'deki faiz oranları ve Euro döviz kurları da modele kontrol değişkeni olarak eklenmiştir. Döngüler arasında ilişkinin var olması, ekonomik olarak bölgelerin uzun vadede uyumlu olduğunu göstermektedir. Buna göre bu tezdeki iddiamız; Türkiye'deki sanayi iş döngüsünün Avrupa Birliği'nin sanayi iş döngüleriyle beraber hareket ettiğidir. Bu tezdeki çalışma ile bu anlamda Türkiye ile Avrupa Birliği arasındaki iş döngüsü uyumu analizi sanayi üretim endeksi özelinde yapılacaktır. Bu kapsamda çalışmada yapılacak eşbütünleşme analizleri Türkiye ile Avrupa birliği'nin sanayi üretimi açısından birbirine uzun vadede ne derecede bağlı olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışmada ortaya çıkan sonuçlar, Türkiye ile Avrupa iş dünyası sanayi üretimleri arasında karşılıklı bir bağlantı olduğunu göstermektedir. Diğer bir ifadeyle, Türkiye ile Avrupa ekonomileri arasında döngüsel bir bağlantı ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca Fransa, Almanya, Birleşik Krallık ve Hırvatistan özelinde yapılan analizler sonucunda Türkiye'nin sanayi üretim endeksi ile Fransa, Almanya ve Birleşik Krallık'a ait veriler arasında döngüsel bir bağlantı ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ancak Hırvatistan ve Türkiye'nin sanayi üretim endeksleri arasında döngüsel bir bağlantı ortaya çıkmamaktadır. Avrupa Birliği euro kullanan 19 üye ülkenin analizinde de Avrupa Birliği'nin şuan ki 28 üye ülke endeksi ile yapılan analiz sonuçlarında olduğu gibi döngüsel bir bağlantı ortaya çıkmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçları, Türkiye ile Avrupa Birliği'nin sanayi üretimi açısından birbiriyle bağlantılı olduğunu ve bir tarafta olan ekonomik gelişmelerin diğer tarafı etkileyebilme potansiyeline sahip olduğunu ve Türkiyenin AB üyeliğine bu başlıkta hazır olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. ; In this study, the industry cycle of Turkey's economy was compared with countries such as the European Union, France, Germany, United Kingdom and Croatia. Afterwards, a model was developed to identify co-integration of Turkey with 19 countries using the euro in the European Union and with the industrial cycles of the 28 member states. In this model, the dependent variable was Turkey's industrial production index, industrial production indices were used as explanatory variables for EU country groups (EU 19 and EU 28), and Euro exchange rates and interest rates in Turkey were also included in the model as control variables.The existence of a relationship between the cycles indicates that the regions are economically compatible in the long run. Accordingly, we argue in this thesis that the industrial business cycle in Turkey moves along with the European Union's industrial business cycle. The harmony analysis of business cycle between the European Union and Turkey will be carried out specific to industrial production index within the scope of this study. In this context, cointegration analysis in the study indicates the extent to which Turkey's industrial production is depended to Europe in the long-term. The results of the study show that there is a mutual relation between industrial production of European business and Turkey. In other words, a circular relation emerges between Turkey and the European economy. In addition, as a result of the analyzes conducted in France, Germany, United Kingdom and Croatia, there is a curricular link between Turkey's industrial production index and France, Germany and United Kingdom. However, no curricular relation occurs between industrial production index of Croatia and Turkey. In the analysis of the 19 member states using the euro in the European Union, a curricular relation occurs as in the results of the analysis carried out with the index of the current 28 member states of the European Union. The study results reveal that Turkey is linked with the European Union in terms of industrial production, and economic developments on one side have the potential to affect the other, and Turkey is ready for EU membership in this title.

In questa tesi si è focalizzato sull'insolito stile e le idee ispirativi di uno scrittore eccezionalmente prolifico, Alberto Moravia. Lo scopo era, analizzando la meno conosciuta raccolta Racconti surrealisti e satirici, di indicare i suoi atteggiamenti aperti ed impliciti al riguardo della critica sociale e politica. Tali atteggiamenti si uniscono alla corrente surrealista, a cui apparteneva nel periodo del dopoguerra. Dopo una breve biografia e la disaggregazione dei concetti chiave come la novella e il racconto, la satira e il mito, il sogno e le ingiustizie reali nella società, segue l'analisi dei dodici titoli scelti dalla raccolta casualmente. Intanto, di ogni storia si è offerto un breve riassunto, ed è stata analizzata attraverso il collegamento con i concetti menzionati, cioè dentro l'approccio surreale-onirico e quello socio-critico, inclusa la biografia dello scrittore. Nelle storie si sono cristallizzati i paradossi applicabili alla società contemporanea, e si tratta ulteriormente dello spietato ma suggestionabile capitalismo, il quale somiglia al governo della dittatura. Si è concluso che Moravia dimostra la sensibilità per la disuguaglianza e l'alienazione che avvengono per il consumerismo cieco, ma anche che, con la sua espressione metafisica, rimane alla neutralità degli atteggiamenti politici. Vale a dire, Moravia non offre le indicazioni immediate per risolvere i problemi sociali, però crea uno spazio per la loro illuminazione e la polemica. ; U ovome radu pozornost se usmjerila na nesvakidašnji stil i inspirativne zamisli pisca iznimno bogatoga opusa, Alberta Moravije. Cilj je bio, analizirajući slabije poznatu zbirku pripovijetki Racconti surrealisti e satirici, ukazati na njegove otvorene i implicitne stavove glede društvene kritike i politike, koji se nadovezuju na njegov nadrealistički stilski smjer kakvim se izražavao u postratnom, avangardnom periodu. Nakon relevantnog biografskog prikaza i raščlambe ključnih pojmova poput: pripovijetka i novela, satira i mit, san i stvarne društvene nepravde, uslijedila je analiza dvanaest nasumice odabranih naslova iz zbirke. Pritom se svaka priča ukratko prepričala te razradila povezivanjem sa spomenutim konceptima, odnosno unutar nadrealno-snovitog i društveno-kritičkog pristupa kao i piščeve biografije. U pričama su se iskristalizirali paradoksi koji su primjenjivi i na suvremeno društvo, a riječ je ponajviše o nesmiljenom a povodljivom kapitalizmu, kakav podsjeća vladavini diktature. Zaključilo se da Moravia pokazuje senzibilitet prema nejednakosti i alijenaciji kakve donosi slijepi konzumerizam, ali i kako metafizičkim izričajem uglavnom ostaje na neutralnošću političkih stavova. Odnosno, Moravia ne nudi izravna rješenja za sprječavanje društvenih problema, ali otvara prostor za njihovo rasvjetljavanje te polemiku. ; In this thesis, attention is drawn to the extraordinary style and inspirational ideas of the writer of an extremely rich ouevre, Alberto Moravia. The aim was, by analyzing the lesser-known collection of short stories, Racconti surrealisti e satirici, to point out to his open and implicit views on social criticism and politics, which are in line with a surrealistic-style direction he expressed in the post-war, avant-garde period. The relevant biographical presentation and dissolution of the key concepts such as: short story and novel, satire and myth, dream and real social injustice, were followed by an analysis of twelve selected titles from the collection. In doing so, each story was briefly recounted and elaborated by linking it to the aforementioned concepts, that is, within a surreal-oniric and socially-critical approach as well as a writer's biography. Then, in the stories, some paradoxes have been crystallized, that are applicable to contemporary society, the most notable of which is the ruthless but seductive capitalism, alluding to a govern of dictatorship. In conclusion, Moravia was found to be sensitive to inequality and alienation that are being brought by the blind consumerism, but he also, using a metaphysical expression, largely remained on the neutrality of political views. That is to say, Moravia does not offer direct solutions to prevent social problems, but he does open a space for their illumination and debate.

The paper is devoted to identifying the specifics of internal organizational methods used in the Byzantine army during the reign of the Palaeologus. According to the author, the combat capability of the Byzantine army depended not only on logistic support, but also on the use of military and political methods, religious and disciplinary action. Among them, in the using for the soldier's a crucial role played as a completely traditional methods of financial reward, methods psychological and educational nature, and specific for Palaeologus period methods of religious influence. For the military commanders to a greater extent used methods of social and material motivation and the means of social and legal remuneration, which can be described as socially prestigious - titles and marriage alliances. In the system of measures to ensuring the combat capability the special role was assigned to the religious method, which in combination with the other methods represented a complex of elements of influence originating from the doctrine of "Holy war". The content of this doctrine defined by the interaction system of the army and the church which was founded on the conditions of confrontation to enemies who belonged to different religious denominations, as well as on a major role of mercenaries troops as a part of the Byzantine armed forces. Despite a variety of measures to influence the army, the level of discipline in the army remained extremely low. Increasing the number of separatist rebellions, cases of treason and disobedience, typical for early Palaeologian period, that remained unpunished, indicates the weakness of basileus power and inability to use the military-disciplinary measures for the control of the multiethnic contingent of Byzantine troops. It is likely that this situation could be caused by the persistence of archaic state idea in the changed foreign political conditions, and that this idea has not been capable inspire all the Christian warrior-host of the empire on the military exploits and neutralize personal fear of death. At the same time, the effect of such an idea, directed to consolidation of the ranks of byzantine troops before the onslaught of the enemy, in special cases has been intensified by the using of a complex of religious measures of influence. ; Статья посвящена исследованию методов морально-психологического воздействия на солдат и командиров византийских вооруженных сил в период правления первых императоров из династии Палеологов. По мнению автора, боеспособность византийской армии зависела не только от материально-технического обеспечения, но и от применения методов военно-политического, религиозного и дисциплинарного воздействия. Среди них по отношению к рядовому составу важную роль играли как вполне традиционные методы материального, психологического и воспитательного характера, так и специфические для палеологовского периода методы религиозного воздействия. Для командного состава в большей мере использовались методы социально-материальной мотивации, а также средства социально-правового вознаграждения, которые можно охарактеризовать как общественно-престижные (титулы, брачные союзы). В системе мер обеспечения боеспособности особая роль была отведена религиозному методу, который представлял собой набор элементов воздействия, исходящих из доктрины «священной войны». Суть этой доктрины была определена системой отношений армии и церкви, исходившей из условий противостояния врагам, принадлежавшим к различным конфессиям. Помимо этого, учитывалась большая роль наемных контингентов в составе византийских вооруженных сил. Несмотря на разнообразие мер воздействия на войско, уровень дисциплины в армии оставался крайне низким. Увеличение числа сепаратистских выступлений, случаев измены и непослушания, характерных для раннепалеологовского периода, не каравшихся императором, свидетельствует о слабости правящей династии и невозможности применения военно-дисциплинарных мер для контроля над полиэтничным византийским воинством. По мнению автора, данная ситуация была вызвана сохранением архаичной государственной идеи, не способной в изменившихся внешнеполитических условиях воодушевить христианское воинство империи на ратные подвиги и нейтрализовать личный страх воинов перед смертью. Вместе с тем действие такой идеи, направленной на сплочение рядов византийских войск перед натиском противника, в особых случаях усиливалось применением комплекса мер религиозного характера.

The article deals with a relevant problem of creating Ukrainocentric mass media system inUkraine. The system, which would be fully independent on political climate, created by corrupted oligarchic state power.Top priority task, which is put forward by the author of this initiative, is to enlist the services of mass media and blog to UWIN in both Ukraine and diaspora, uniting them around common objective and common tasks: formation of strong and powerful Ukrainocentric mass media system which would play the key-role in Ukrainization of Ukraine information space, will become the decisive factor of raising national identity/conscience and civil responsibility of society, will prepare Ukraine and Ukrainian society for system changes. To attain this objective, the author considers it important to unite separate Ukrainocentric mass media and blogs in bothUkraineand diaspora, to create, on franchising basis, new information resources, based in Internet but with the perspective of real space existence.The author offers to start developing such system on the basis of specially formed platform, which has got the title Ukrainian World Information Network (UWIN). UKRAINAINC.NET is offered to be the principal site, where one will publish: most important information, reviews and analytical publications about Ukraine and diaspora. The site will include two sections: the first one will incorporate Ukrainian mass media and blogs according to oblast; the second one will incorporate diaspora mass media and blogs according to the countries.The author emphasizes the possibility of UWIN use for creative career self-actualization of journalists.The agreement draft on this journalist community membership, which is voluntary and free of charge, is published. The network membership principles, directions and conditions of cooperation are stated and grounded.Franchising as the basis for developing future Ukrainian World Information Network is discussed in a separate paragraph. It goes about the content of packages, which would include domain registration and service, trainings on working with sites, professional, journalistic and editorial education or re-qualification of Network members.In Conclusions it is stressed that Ukrainocentric mass media system is one of the key, decisive facts and factors of system changes in Ukraine. Uniqueness of this project is that it considers information space of Ukraine in inseparable connection with information space of Ukrainian diaspora, that is with world information space. ; Стаття присвячена актуальній проблемі створення в Україні україноцентричної системи засобів масової інформації (ЗМІ). Такої, яка була б повністю незалежна від політичного клімату, створюваного корумпованою олігархічною владою. Першочерговим завданням, яке поставлене автором цієї ініціативи, є залучити до участі в УСІМ україноцентричні ЗМІ та блогерів, в Україні та в діаспорі сущих, об'єднуючи їх навколо спільної мети і спільних завдань: створення потужної україноцентричної системи ЗМІ, яка відіграє ключову роль в українізації інформаційного простору України, стане вирішальним чинником піднесення національної свідомості та громадянської відповідальності суспільства й підготує Україну й українське суспільство до системних змін. Досягнення такої мети автор вбачає в тому, щоб зібрати в єдине ціле окремі україноцентричні ЗМІ та блоги в Україні та діаспорі, а також на основі франчайзингу створювати нові інформаційні ресурси, базовані в Інтернеті та з перспективою виходу в реальний простір. Розпочинати розбудовувати таку систему пропонується на спеціально створеній платформі, що отримала назву Українська Світова Інформаційна Мережа (УСІМ). Головним сайтом мережі бачиться згаданий UKRAINAINC.NET, на якому публікуватимуться: найважливіша інформація, огляди й аналітичні матеріали про Україну та діаспору. Сайт матиме два розділи: перший об'єднуватиме ЗМІ та блоги України за областями; другий — об'єднуватиме ЗМІ та блоги діаспори за країнами. Окремо йдеться про платформу УСІМ як можливість творчої кар'єрної самореалізації журналістів. Публікується для обговорення проект угоди про членство в цій журналістській спільноті, яке є добровільним і безкоштовним. Обґрунтовуються принципи членства в Мережі та напрями й умови співпраці. Окремим пунктом розглядається франчайзинг як основа розбудови майбутньої Української Світової Інформаційної Мережі. Йдеться про зміст пакетів, які включатимуть реєстрацію та обслуговування доменів, тренінги з роботи над сайтами, фахову журналістську й редакторську підготовку чи перепідготовку членів Мережі тощо. У висновках наголошується, що україноцентрична система ЗМІ є одним із ключових, вирішальних фактів і факторів системних змін в Україні. Унікальність цього проекту ще й у тому, що він розглядає інформаційний простір України у нерозривному зв'язку з інформаційним простором української діаспори, а отже — і світовим інформаційним простором.

Juozas Baltušis: the Outlook and Works of a Soviet Writer Juozas Baltušis (1909–1991) was a Lithuanian writer, politician and public figure. He also worked in the radio and the press. Some of his most popular works are the "Tale of Juza", "Sold Summers" and the memoirs titled "What You Ate the Salt With". J. Baltušis was a writer valued by the Soviet Government and his readers. He was given the honorary title of folk writer and was an active participant in the public Soviet life. The writer had important administrative and political positions. During his meetings with the audience, when giving public speeches and participating in TV shows, J. Baltušis promoted the achievements of the Soviet Union and criticized the rotten West and the trouble-ridden past of the independent Lithuania. His unique social status granted him certain privileges. J. Baltušis was often associated with betrayals of other writers and controversial speeches regarding the endeavors to restore the independence of Lithuania. When the reformation movement started, J. Baltušis found it difficult to adapt to the rapidly changing conditions. Thus, he never joined the Reform Movement of Lithuania and kept to his communism ideals until his death. While some of the writer's ideas were consistent, others changed along with the political situation and the age. The Master Thesis presents an analysis of the many-sided personality of J. Baltušis by going through each of the aspects and revealing the entirety of the writer's ideas, his value system, lifestyle and peculiarities of his creative works. The research revealed the ambivalent nature of J. Baltušis: he presented himself one way when in public and seemed completely different at home when writing his diary. The attitudes of J. Baltušis had radical differences. The research object of the Master Thesis titled "Juozas Baltušis: the Outlook and Works of a Soviet Writer" is the lifestyle and creative endeavors of the writer J. Baltušis as revealed in his diary and public speeches. The research delves deeper into the approaches held by J. Baltušis towards relevant historic and political issues, the Soviet society and the Soviet regime and his value system. The paper also analyzes the relation between the writer and his ideas presented in public during the Soviet Time as defined in the autobiographical documents. The goals of the study are to reveal the approach to lifestyle of J. Baltušis that is evident in his public behavior and personal life, the unique formation of the image of "other me", to review the writer's political views and their relations to public activities, and to discuss the qualities of the creative endeavors of the writer as revealed in his autobiographical documents. Nowadays, the Soviet times are viewed simplistically and attempts are made to group all the writers into clear-cut categories. Meanwhile, attempts to encompass the contradictory entirety of ideas and behavior of people during the Soviet times are far and few between. The personality and personal belongings of J. Baltušis oppose the schematic view towards the Soviet times and help to reveal and get insights into the complex and contradictory nature of the Soviet reality. The topic is relevant due to the novel nature of the research: the paper analyzes all of the preserved diary volumes of J. Baltušis that are stored in the Lithuanian Archive of Literature and Art. The periodic publication titled Years had published only several fragments of the said diary. The analysis is based on the research of autobiographical documents carried out by Rudolf Dekker and Philipp Lejeune and the works of Rimantas Glinskis and Gitana Vanagaitė who adapted the theories formulated by the first researchers of autobiographical documents in the analysis of the diaries and memoirs of Lithuanian authors. The paper is also based on the concept of homo sovieticus and the concept of ketman derived in "The Captive Mind essay" by Cz. Miłosz.

Juozas Baltušis: the Outlook and Works of a Soviet Writer Juozas Baltušis (1909–1991) was a Lithuanian writer, politician and public figure. He also worked in the radio and the press. Some of his most popular works are the "Tale of Juza", "Sold Summers" and the memoirs titled "What You Ate the Salt With". J. Baltušis was a writer valued by the Soviet Government and his readers. He was given the honorary title of folk writer and was an active participant in the public Soviet life. The writer had important administrative and political positions. During his meetings with the audience, when giving public speeches and participating in TV shows, J. Baltušis promoted the achievements of the Soviet Union and criticized the rotten West and the trouble-ridden past of the independent Lithuania. His unique social status granted him certain privileges. J. Baltušis was often associated with betrayals of other writers and controversial speeches regarding the endeavors to restore the independence of Lithuania. When the reformation movement started, J. Baltušis found it difficult to adapt to the rapidly changing conditions. Thus, he never joined the Reform Movement of Lithuania and kept to his communism ideals until his death. While some of the writer's ideas were consistent, others changed along with the political situation and the age. The Master Thesis presents an analysis of the many-sided personality of J. Baltušis by going through each of the aspects and revealing the entirety of the writer's ideas, his value system, lifestyle and peculiarities of his creative works. The research revealed the ambivalent nature of J. Baltušis: he presented himself one way when in public and seemed completely different at home when writing his diary. The attitudes of J. Baltušis had radical differences. The research object of the Master Thesis titled "Juozas Baltušis: the Outlook and Works of a Soviet Writer" is the lifestyle and creative endeavors of the writer J. Baltušis as revealed in his diary and public speeches. The research delves deeper into the approaches held by J. Baltušis towards relevant historic and political issues, the Soviet society and the Soviet regime and his value system. The paper also analyzes the relation between the writer and his ideas presented in public during the Soviet Time as defined in the autobiographical documents. The goals of the study are to reveal the approach to lifestyle of J. Baltušis that is evident in his public behavior and personal life, the unique formation of the image of "other me", to review the writer's political views and their relations to public activities, and to discuss the qualities of the creative endeavors of the writer as revealed in his autobiographical documents. Nowadays, the Soviet times are viewed simplistically and attempts are made to group all the writers into clear-cut categories. Meanwhile, attempts to encompass the contradictory entirety of ideas and behavior of people during the Soviet times are far and few between. The personality and personal belongings of J. Baltušis oppose the schematic view towards the Soviet times and help to reveal and get insights into the complex and contradictory nature of the Soviet reality. The topic is relevant due to the novel nature of the research: the paper analyzes all of the preserved diary volumes of J. Baltušis that are stored in the Lithuanian Archive of Literature and Art. The periodic publication titled Years had published only several fragments of the said diary. The analysis is based on the research of autobiographical documents carried out by Rudolf Dekker and Philipp Lejeune and the works of Rimantas Glinskis and Gitana Vanagaitė who adapted the theories formulated by the first researchers of autobiographical documents in the analysis of the diaries and memoirs of Lithuanian authors. The paper is also based on the concept of homo sovieticus and the concept of ketman derived in "The Captive Mind essay" by Cz. Miłosz.

Juozas Baltušis: the Outlook and Works of a Soviet Writer Juozas Baltušis (1909–1991) was a Lithuanian writer, politician and public figure. He also worked in the radio and the press. Some of his most popular works are the "Tale of Juza", "Sold Summers" and the memoirs titled "What You Ate the Salt With". J. Baltušis was a writer valued by the Soviet Government and his readers. He was given the honorary title of folk writer and was an active participant in the public Soviet life. The writer had important administrative and political positions. During his meetings with the audience, when giving public speeches and participating in TV shows, J. Baltušis promoted the achievements of the Soviet Union and criticized the rotten West and the trouble-ridden past of the independent Lithuania. His unique social status granted him certain privileges. J. Baltušis was often associated with betrayals of other writers and controversial speeches regarding the endeavors to restore the independence of Lithuania. When the reformation movement started, J. Baltušis found it difficult to adapt to the rapidly changing conditions. Thus, he never joined the Reform Movement of Lithuania and kept to his communism ideals until his death. While some of the writer's ideas were consistent, others changed along with the political situation and the age. The Master Thesis presents an analysis of the many-sided personality of J. Baltušis by going through each of the aspects and revealing the entirety of the writer's ideas, his value system, lifestyle and peculiarities of his creative works. The research revealed the ambivalent nature of J. Baltušis: he presented himself one way when in public and seemed completely different at home when writing his diary. The attitudes of J. Baltušis had radical differences. The research object of the Master Thesis titled "Juozas Baltušis: the Outlook and Works of a Soviet Writer" is the lifestyle and creative endeavors of the writer J. Baltušis as revealed in his diary and public speeches. The research delves deeper into the approaches held by J. Baltušis towards relevant historic and political issues, the Soviet society and the Soviet regime and his value system. The paper also analyzes the relation between the writer and his ideas presented in public during the Soviet Time as defined in the autobiographical documents. The goals of the study are to reveal the approach to lifestyle of J. Baltušis that is evident in his public behavior and personal life, the unique formation of the image of "other me", to review the writer's political views and their relations to public activities, and to discuss the qualities of the creative endeavors of the writer as revealed in his autobiographical documents. Nowadays, the Soviet times are viewed simplistically and attempts are made to group all the writers into clear-cut categories. Meanwhile, attempts to encompass the contradictory entirety of ideas and behavior of people during the Soviet times are far and few between. The personality and personal belongings of J. Baltušis oppose the schematic view towards the Soviet times and help to reveal and get insights into the complex and contradictory nature of the Soviet reality. The topic is relevant due to the novel nature of the research: the paper analyzes all of the preserved diary volumes of J. Baltušis that are stored in the Lithuanian Archive of Literature and Art. The periodic publication titled Years had published only several fragments of the said diary. The analysis is based on the research of autobiographical documents carried out by Rudolf Dekker and Philipp Lejeune and the works of Rimantas Glinskis and Gitana Vanagaitė who adapted the theories formulated by the first researchers of autobiographical documents in the analysis of the diaries and memoirs of Lithuanian authors. The paper is also based on the concept of homo sovieticus and the concept of ketman derived in "The Captive Mind essay" by Cz. Miłosz.

The article deals with a relevant problem of creating Ukrainocentric mass media system inUkraine. The system, which would be fully independent on political climate, created by corrupted oligarchic state power.Top priority task, which is put forward by the author of this initiative, is to enlist the services of mass media and blog to UWIN in both Ukraine and diaspora, uniting them around common objective and common tasks: formation of strong and powerful Ukrainocentric mass media system which would play the key-role in Ukrainization of Ukraine information space, will become the decisive factor of raising national identity/conscience and civil responsibility of society, will prepare Ukraine and Ukrainian society for system changes. To attain this objective, the author considers it important to unite separate Ukrainocentric mass media and blogs in bothUkraineand diaspora, to create, on franchising basis, new information resources, based in Internet but with the perspective of real space existence.The author offers to start developing such system on the basis of specially formed platform, which has got the title Ukrainian World Information Network (UWIN). UKRAINAINC.NET is offered to be the principal site, where one will publish: most important information, reviews and analytical publications about Ukraine and diaspora. The site will include two sections: the first one will incorporate Ukrainian mass media and blogs according to oblast; the second one will incorporate diaspora mass media and blogs according to the countries.The author emphasizes the possibility of UWIN use for creative career self-actualization of journalists.The agreement draft on this journalist community membership, which is voluntary and free of charge, is published. The network membership principles, directions and conditions of cooperation are stated and grounded.Franchising as the basis for developing future Ukrainian World Information Network is discussed in a separate paragraph. It goes about the content of packages, which would include domain registration and service, trainings on working with sites, professional, journalistic and editorial education or re-qualification of Network members.In Conclusions it is stressed that Ukrainocentric mass media system is one of the key, decisive facts and factors of system changes in Ukraine. Uniqueness of this project is that it considers information space of Ukraine in inseparable connection with information space of Ukrainian diaspora, that is with world information space. ; Стаття присвячена актуальній проблемі створення в Україні україноцентричної системи засобів масової інформації (ЗМІ). Такої, яка була б повністю незалежна від політичного клімату, створюваного корумпованою олігархічною владою. Першочерговим завданням, яке поставлене автором цієї ініціативи, є залучити до участі в УСІМ україноцентричні ЗМІ та блогерів, в Україні та в діаспорі сущих, об'єднуючи їх навколо спільної мети і спільних завдань: створення потужної україноцентричної системи ЗМІ, яка відіграє ключову роль в українізації інформаційного простору України, стане вирішальним чинником піднесення національної свідомості та громадянської відповідальності суспільства й підготує Україну й українське суспільство до системних змін. Досягнення такої мети автор вбачає в тому, щоб зібрати в єдине ціле окремі україноцентричні ЗМІ та блоги в Україні та діаспорі, а також на основі франчайзингу створювати нові інформаційні ресурси, базовані в Інтернеті та з перспективою виходу в реальний простір. Розпочинати розбудовувати таку систему пропонується на спеціально створеній платформі, що отримала назву Українська Світова Інформаційна Мережа (УСІМ). Головним сайтом мережі бачиться згаданий UKRAINAINC.NET, на якому публікуватимуться: найважливіша інформація, огляди й аналітичні матеріали про Україну та діаспору. Сайт матиме два розділи: перший об'єднуватиме ЗМІ та блоги України за областями; другий — об'єднуватиме ЗМІ та блоги діаспори за країнами. Окремо йдеться про платформу УСІМ як можливість творчої кар'єрної самореалізації журналістів. Публікується для обговорення проект угоди про членство в цій журналістській спільноті, яке є добровільним і безкоштовним. Обґрунтовуються принципи членства в Мережі та напрями й умови співпраці. Окремим пунктом розглядається франчайзинг як основа розбудови майбутньої Української Світової Інформаційної Мережі. Йдеться про зміст пакетів, які включатимуть реєстрацію та обслуговування доменів, тренінги з роботи над сайтами, фахову журналістську й редакторську підготовку чи перепідготовку членів Мережі тощо. У висновках наголошується, що україноцентрична система ЗМІ є одним із ключових, вирішальних фактів і факторів системних змін в Україні. Унікальність цього проекту ще й у тому, що він розглядає інформаційний простір України у нерозривному зв'язку з інформаційним простором української діаспори, а отже — і світовим інформаційним простором.

Esta investigación se propone contribuir a ampliar el conocimiento sobre la política de regularización del hábitat popular urbano de la provincia de Buenos Aires durante el período transcurrido entre 1983 y 2015. El estudio se centra en analizar la orientación general del tratamiento de la irregularidad urbana dado por los sucesivos gobiernos provinciales, poniendo el foco en las iniciativas plasmadas en la creación y utilización de instrumentos para regularizar, sus fundamentos y las 'cristalizaciones institucionales' de las decisiones tomadas desde el sector público en torno a la cuestión. Complementariamente, interesa entender de qué manera la política de regularización se ha articulado con la política urbana a nivel municipal y, para ello, se recurre al análisis del caso de La Plata, capital de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Desde el lado del problema a enfrentar por la política, la investigación apunta a identificar los distintos tipos de irregularidad y sus determinantes (en gran medida asociados con los modos de acceso al suelo, la situación dominial de partida y la mayor o menor adaptación a las normas formales del urbanismo) para luego reconstruir el conjunto de instrumentos que, a modo de caja de herramientas, se implementan para atender la problemática en su heterogeneidad. La investigación ofrece una caracterización contextualizada del ciclo de tres décadas de la política de regularización, en el que se identifican etapas (ingreso de la cuestión en la agenda pública, movilización de recursos, visibilización de resultados, etc.), actores intervinientes y tensiones en los enfoques para el tratamiento de la problemática. El estudio sobre La Plata se centra en caracterizar la política urbana municipal y la implementación de la política de regularización a lo largo del período para analizar sus interacciones y consecuencias territoriales. Los resultados y discusiones que propone esta investigación pretenden aportar al mejoramiento de la gestión pública de las problemáticas de acceso al hábitat de importantes sectores de la población ; This research aims at broadening the knowledge on regularization politics of the urban popular habitat of the province of Buenos Aires during the period between 1983 and 2015. The study focuses on the analysis of the general orientation of the urban irregularity treatment performed by consecutive local governments, with a particular interest in the initiatives expressed in the creation and uses of regularization resources, their fundamentals and the "institutional crystallization" of the decisions developed by the public sector on the matter. In order to understand the ways in which regularization politics are assembled with the urban politics at the municipal level we analyze La Plata, the capital of the province of Buenos Aires. From the politics point of view, the research aims to identify the different classes of irregularity and their decisive factors (to a large extent, associated with land access, the starting land-title situation and the degree of adjustment to the formal regulations of the urban planning), as well as to reconstruct the set of toolbox-like resources which are implemented to deal with the issue in its diversity. Besides, this research offers a contextualized characterization of these three-decade-cycle regularization politics, in which we identify the stages (entry of the matter in the public agenda, resources mobilization, results visibility, etc), participating actors, and tensions between approaches for the issue under treatment. The case study of La Plata is focused on the characterization of the municipal urban politics and the implementation of regularization politics throughout the referred period, in order to analyze their interactions and territorial consequences. The results and discussions proposed by this research hope to contribute to the improvement of the public management of the habitat access issues for significant sectors of the population ; Fil: Relli Ugartamendía, Mariana. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Esta investigación se propone contribuir a ampliar el conocimiento sobre la política de regularización del hábitat popular urbano de la provincia de Buenos Aires durante el período transcurrido entre 1983 y 2015. El estudio se centra en analizar la orientación general del tratamiento de la irregularidad urbana dado por los sucesivos gobiernos provinciales, poniendo el foco en las iniciativas plasmadas en la creación y utilización de instrumentos para regularizar, sus fundamentos y las 'cristalizaciones institucionales' de las decisiones tomadas desde el sector público en torno a la cuestión. Complementariamente, interesa entender de qué manera la política de regularización se ha articulado con la política urbana a nivel municipal y, para ello, se recurre al análisis del caso de La Plata, capital de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Desde el lado del problema a enfrentar por la política, la investigación apunta a identificar los distintos tipos de irregularidad y sus determinantes (en gran medida asociados con los modos de acceso al suelo, la situación dominial de partida y la mayor o menor adaptación a las normas formales del urbanismo) para luego reconstruir el conjunto de instrumentos que, a modo de caja de herramientas, se implementan para atender la problemática en su heterogeneidad. La investigación ofrece una caracterización contextualizada del ciclo de tres décadas de la política de regularización, en el que se identifican etapas (ingreso de la cuestión en la agenda pública, movilización de recursos, visibilización de resultados, etc.), actores intervinientes y tensiones en los enfoques para el tratamiento de la problemática. El estudio sobre La Plata se centra en caracterizar la política urbana municipal y la implementación de la política de regularización a lo largo del período para analizar sus interacciones y consecuencias territoriales. Los resultados y discusiones que propone esta investigación pretenden aportar al mejoramiento de la gestión pública de las problemáticas de acceso al hábitat de importantes sectores de la población ; This research aims at broadening the knowledge on regularization politics of the urban popular habitat of the province of Buenos Aires during the period between 1983 and 2015. The study focuses on the analysis of the general orientation of the urban irregularity treatment performed by consecutive local governments, with a particular interest in the initiatives expressed in the creation and uses of regularization resources, their fundamentals and the "institutional crystallization" of the decisions developed by the public sector on the matter. In order to understand the ways in which regularization politics are assembled with the urban politics at the municipal level we analyze La Plata, the capital of the province of Buenos Aires. From the politics point of view, the research aims to identify the different classes of irregularity and their decisive factors (to a large extent, associated with land access, the starting land-title situation and the degree of adjustment to the formal regulations of the urban planning), as well as to reconstruct the set of toolbox-like resources which are implemented to deal with the issue in its diversity. Besides, this research offers a contextualized characterization of these three-decade-cycle regularization politics, in which we identify the stages (entry of the matter in the public agenda, resources mobilization, results visibility, etc), participating actors, and tensions between approaches for the issue under treatment. The case study of La Plata is focused on the characterization of the municipal urban politics and the implementation of regularization politics throughout the referred period, in order to analyze their interactions and territorial consequences. The results and discussions proposed by this research hope to contribute to the improvement of the public management of the habitat access issues for significant sectors of the population ; Fil: Relli Ugartamendía, Mariana. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

The article traces the development of the Turkish authorial drama «before» and «after» the Liberation War (1919–1923), indicates the main factors that infl uenced the formation of a new genre for the Turkish literature, as well as delineates the role of the Liberation War in the process of integrating the Turkish drama into the world literature. It is revealed that the most important role in the formation and development of the Turkish authorial drama was played by the intensive Europeanisation of Turkish culture. Turkish dramaturgy was gradually maturing despite the obstacles posed by the rulers of Ottoman Empire towards its Westernization. In the second half of the 19th century, new genres of Turkish literature appeared, namely a novel and an authorial drama, while the structure of the classical national drama, as well as the themes and imagery of literary works were changing. Under the reign of Abdulmegid (1839–1861), Turkish drama was fl ourishing (in the era of romanticism), and theaters were created, motivating Turkish writers to produce plays. The drama «Marriage of the Poet» (1859) by Ibrahim Shinazi (1826–1871) is the fi rst Turkish dramatic work, based on the Western model. Ibrahim Shinazi was the fi rst who dared to speak frankly about the padishahes. Of great importance in the functioning of theaters was the activity of G. Agop Vartovyan who actively involved Turkish writers into the creation of a new drama and in writing plays. Changes in the political arena (July 23, 1908) contributed to increasing the awareness of the scale of the dramatic potential of the Turkish literary elite, to the emergence of dramatic unions, and to opening of theaters and the intensifi cation of the periodicals. One of the most illuminating peculiarities is the appeal of Turkish playwrights of the early 20th century to oppose the «Ottoman-Republican», used in historical drama. While the rulers of the Ottoman state were displayed in heroic images during the period of the liberation struggle, they appeared as anti-heroes in the plays written on the eve of the war. Following the favorable outcomes of the Liberation War, the creation of culture of the Republic of Turkey had prospects for further development. The Liberation war might be looked upon as an «amplifi er» of progress in the cultural, primarily the literary, spheres of the Turkish society. With the help of artistic means, the theme of struggle and the concepts of appeal to the people are manifested so as to strengthen the spirit of invincibility, to enforce national-patriotic feelings during the great trials, and to refer to central images in the title of the works. The liberation struggle and the establishment of the Republic is a cross-cutting theme both in the content and expression of the Turkish authorial drama in the early years of the Republic, and in subsequent years of the development of state. One of the central images in the post-war drama is the image of Ataturk, marked with some discourse specifi city. Keywords: Turkish authorial drama, Liberation war, Republic, cult of personality, image, theme. ; Розглянуто стан розвитку турецької авторської драми «до» і «після» Визвольної війни (1919–1923), зазначено основні чинники впливу на формування нового для турецької літератури жанру, визначено роль Визвольної війни у входженні турецької драми у світовий літературний простір. Виявлено, що найбільшу роль у становленні й розвитку турецької авторської драми відіграла посильна європеїзація турецької культури. Турецька драматургія поступово набула досвіду попри перепони, створювані правителями Османської держави на шляху вестернізації. Завдяки сприятливим результатам Визвольної війни і створенню Республіки культура Туреччини набула перспективи подальшого розвитку. Визвольна боротьба і становлення Республіки є наскрізною темою змісту та відображення в турецькій авторській драмі як у перші роки існування Республіки, так і в подальші роки державного розвитку. Одним із центральних образів у повоєнних драмах є образ Ататюрка, позначений певною дискурсивністю. Ключові слова: турецька авторська драма, Визвольна війна, Республіка, культ особи, образ, тематика.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Biologia apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia ; A Lapa dos Esteios é um jardim histórico em Coimbra, foi construído no século XVII pela família Sá Pessoa. Dom José Maria de Vasconcelos Azevedo Silva e Carvajal adquiriu este jardim em 1860. Recebeu o título de Visconde e Conde da Lapa dos Esteios pelo Rei Luís I de Portugal em 27 de abril de 1865 e 20 de junho de 1870, respetivamente. Sua esposa, dona Maria Isabel de Melo Freire de Bulhões transformou este lugar de jardim em um local de encontro intelectual durante o período do romantismo. Atualmente é propriedade e habitada pela Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR) desde 1979. O Governo de Portugal classificou a Lapa dos Esteios em 2 de Março de 2011, como local de Interesse Público. Localiza-se na margem esquerda do Mondego, a sul de Coimbra, na estrada das Lajes. Este projeto, "A Relevância da Lapa dos Esteios (Quinta das Canas) - Um Jardim Histórico em Coimbra, Portugal" visa identificar, classificar e estudar as propriedades etnobotânicas da flora deste jardim. Este trabalho foi iniciado pelo Doutor Jorge A. R. Paiva, professor e pesquisador da Universidade de Coimbra. Entre novembro de 2016 e junho de 2018, foram feitas várias viagens de campo a este jardim para identificar sua flora. Fotografias das plantas e liquens foram tiradas durante essas visitas. Análises estatísticas foram feitas para comparar a flora da Lapa dos Esteios com outros locais em Portugal e no resto do mundo. Além disso, um estudo etnobotânico foi feito para classificar essas plantas de acordo com usos anteriores. Um total de 135 espécies foram identificadas e classificadas em 73 famílias e dois reinos: Plantae e Fungi (liquens, neste caso). Este jardim tem um punhado de plantas venenosas, medicinais e comestíveis. A Lapa dos Esteios é um jardim de grande importância e já foi visitada pelo Imperador do Brasil, Dom Pedro II em 1872. ; Lapa dos Esteios is a historical garden in Coimbra, it was constructed in the seventeenth century by the Sá Pessoa family. Dom José Maria de Vasconcelos Azevedo Silva e Carvajal purchased this garden in 1860. He was given the title of Viscount and Count of Lapa dos Esteios by King Louis I of Portugal on 27th April 1865 and 20th of June 1870 respectively. His wife, Dona Maria Isabel de Melo Freire de Bulhões transformed this garden place to a site for intellectual gathering during the period of Romanticism. It is presently owned and inhabited by the National Republican Guard (GNR) since 1979. The Government of Portugal classified Lapa dos Esteios on 2nd March 2011, as a place of Public Interest. It is located on the left bank of the Mondego, south of Coimbra on the Lajes road. This project, 'The Relevance of Lapa dos Esteios (Quinta das Canas) - A Historical Garden in Coimbra, Portugal' aims to identify, classify and study the ethnobotanical properties of the flora of this garden. This work was started by Doctor Jorge A. R. Paiva, a Lecturer, and researcher at the University of Coimbra. Between November 2016 and June 2018, several field trips from were made to this garden to identify its flora. Photographs of the plants and lichens were taken during these visits. Statistical analyses were done to compare the flora of Lapa dos Esteios to other places in Portugal and the rest of the world. Also, an ethnobotanical study was done to classify these plants according to previous uses. A total of 135 species were identified and classified into 73 families and two kingdoms: Plantae and Fungi (lichens in this case). This garden has a handful of poisonous, medicinal and edible plants. Lapa dos Esteios is a garden of significant importance and has been visited by the Emperor of Brazil, Dom Pedro II in 1872.