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Scientific natural science, which had been established in European culture since the mid-17th century, began to transmit samples of scientific knowledge into the field of studying social reality. Until the 19th century, the only mental form of reflecting this reality was "primary history," as Hegel defined it, i.e. tradition of historiography coming from Herodotus. This tradition received its design, oriented towards the field of scientific rationality, from the German historian Leopold von Ranke: to show "how it really was" (wie es eigentlich gewesen). Its social function is the formation of national historical memory. But methodological reflection at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries revealed, as it seemed to it, two radical differences between "primary history" and other "sciences of culture" from natural science. In this regard, the categories of "values" and "understanding" were emphasized. The presence of these categories in the foundations of any science determines its specification as a humanitarian science. The first attempts to transfer certain aspects of the disciplinary matrices of natural science to the sphere of social science are associated with the names of Kant and Marx. Both attempts were unsuccessful. But, unlike Kant's, the "materialist understanding of history" found its supporters and successors. Its main error is the unlawful direct transfer of the semantic content of the category "matter", as it developed in natural science (the relationships of things), to the relationships between people endowed with consciousness. The addressee of social sciences are cultural forms, the existence of which has an objective status of existence, but relative to the individual consciousness of acting people. These are, for example, social institutions. The humanities deal with meanings, the existence of which is determined by systems of social communications.

This edited volume focuses on big data implications for computational social science and humanities from management to usage. The first part of the book covers geographic data, text corpus data, and social media data, and exemplifies their concrete applications in a wide range of fields including anthropology, economics, finance, geography, history, linguistics, political science, psychology, public health, and mass communications. The second part of the book provides a panoramic view of the development of big data in the fields of computational social sciences and humanities. The following questions are addressed: why is there a need for novel data governance for this new type of data?, why is big data important for social scientists?, and how will it revolutionize the way social scientists conduct research? With the advent of the information age and technologies such as Web 2.0, ubiquitous computing, wearable devices, and the Internet of Things, digital society has fundamentally changed what we now know as "data", the very use of this data, and what we now call "knowledge". Big data has become the standard in social sciences, and has made these sciences more computational. Big Data in Computational Social Science and Humanities will appeal to graduate students and researchers working in the many subfields of the social sciences and humanities.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1 Big Data in Computational Social Sciences and Humanities: An Introduction -- 1.1 Big Data for Computational Social Sciences and Humanities in Practice -- 1.1.1 Geographic Data -- 1.1.2 Text Corpus Data -- 1.1.2.1 History in Light of Dynamic Maps -- 1.1.2.2 Economics Paradigm Shift in Light of Corpus Linguistics -- 1.1.2.3 Financial Prediction in Light of Sentiment Analysis -- 1.1.2.4 Network Modeling of Health-Related Concepts and Institutions -- 1.1.2.5 Linguistic Complexity of Shakespeare Plays -- 1.1.2.6 Evolution of "Language" in Light of Corpus Linguistics -- 1.1.3 Social Media Data -- 1.1.3.1 Digital Governance Using Public Opinion Mining -- 1.1.3.2 Grassroots Politics -- 1.2 Survey and Challenges -- 1.2.1 Survey of Published Research -- 1.2.1.1 Big Data Finance -- 1.2.1.2 Big Data in Psychology -- 1.2.1.3 Spatial Humanities -- 1.2.1.4 Cloud Computing -- 1.2.2 Challenges of Using Big Data for Research -- 1.2.2.1 Big Data Complexity -- 1.2.2.2 Big Data Search -- 1.2.2.3 Big Data Simulation -- 1.2.2.4 Big Data Risks -- 1.3 Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- Part I Practice -- 2 Application of Citizen Science and Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI): Tourism Development for Rural Communities -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Materials and Methods -- 2.2.1 Study Site -- 2.2.2 Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) -- 2.2.3 Building a Web-Based GIS for Community Resource Management -- 2.3 Results -- 2.3.1 Community Resource Database -- 2.3.2 Creating Virtual Tour Using Google Earth -- 2.3.3 Establishing the Web-Based GIS Platform -- 2.4 Discussion -- 2.5 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- 3 Telling Stories Through R: Geo-Temporal Mappings of Epigraphic Practices on Penghu -- 3.1 It Takes a Story to Catch a Fish -- 3.2 From History to Code -- 3.3 Approaching Penghu.

International audience ; L'organismo urbano di Rodi custodisce un'eredità storico-architettonica piuttosto ricca, dovuta al succedersi di diverse dominazioni portatrici ciascuna di una propria politica urbana. L'articolo propone uno studio dell'organismo urbano di Rodi attraverso la lettura tipo-morfologica delle fasi evolutive della città, dei suoi elementi tipici-atipici, delle sue polarità e dei suoi percorsi a partire dal periodo bizantino fino alla dominazione ottomana. Una lettura a partire dalle stratificazioni urbane più recenti si rivela importante non solo per la comprensione della città antica ma anche in vista dell'attuazione di interventi progettuali più consapevoli, siano essi azioni sull'esistente o progetti del nuovo. Entrambi, infatti, devono saldarsi alla realtà urbana preesistente ed inserirsi come ultimo passaggio di un processo di appropriazione della storia del sito attraverso la lettura delle sue fasi urbane, e proporsi come momenti operativi di conoscenza.

International audience ; L'organismo urbano di Rodi custodisce un'eredità storico-architettonica piuttosto ricca, dovuta al succedersi di diverse dominazioni portatrici ciascuna di una propria politica urbana. L'articolo propone uno studio dell'organismo urbano di Rodi attraverso la lettura tipo-morfologica delle fasi evolutive della città, dei suoi elementi tipici-atipici, delle sue polarità e dei suoi percorsi a partire dal periodo bizantino fino alla dominazione ottomana. Una lettura a partire dalle stratificazioni urbane più recenti si rivela importante non solo per la comprensione della città antica ma anche in vista dell'attuazione di interventi progettuali più consapevoli, siano essi azioni sull'esistente o progetti del nuovo. Entrambi, infatti, devono saldarsi alla realtà urbana preesistente ed inserirsi come ultimo passaggio di un processo di appropriazione della storia del sito attraverso la lettura delle sue fasi urbane, e proporsi come momenti operativi di conoscenza.

Introduction : The Renaissance / Orville Vernon Burton -- Technological revolutions I have known / Edward L. Ayers -- Rewiring the history and social studies classroom : needs, frameworks, dangers, and proposals / Randy Bass and Roy Rosenzweig -- Validity of web-based surveys : explorations with data from 2,382 teenagers / William Sims Bainbridge -- Computer environments for content analysis : reconceptualizing the roles of humans and computers / William Evans -- Electronic texts in the historical profession : perspectives from across the scholarly spectrum / Wendy Plotkin -- Social activism through computer networks / Daniel J. Myers -- Creating cybertrust : illustrations and guidelines / H. Jeanie Taylor and Cheris Kramarae -- Electronic networks for international research collaboration : implications for intellectual property protection in the early twenty-first century / Carole Ganz-Brown

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