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The article discusses the main stages of the history of Christian feminism in France. At the same time, the author focused on his history of the second half of the 20th century, when feminism received more incentives and went beyond the framework of the simple struggle for civil equality. Christian feminism was formed at the turn the XIX–XX centuries influenced by the processes of secularization, the anticlerical policy of the left forces and the first wave of feminism, marked by the struggle for the legal rights of women. Having emerged as one of the currents of feminism, Christian feminism acquired an independent meaning, concentrating on the advancement of female emancipation within the Church. After World War II, his supporters moved away from the traditional concept of a housewife and mother, arguing in favor of expanding not only the political but also the social rights of women. During the May events of 1968, they were influenced by the second wave of feminism – the movement for sexual emancipation, which was reflected in their approach to discussions about legalizing abortions and contraception. During this period, one of the main points of Christian feminism in France was the search for a new place for women in the Church, the question of women's right to hold church departments, attitudes towards celibacy and the development of feminist theology. ; В статье рассматриваются основные этапы истории христианского феминизма во Франции. В то же время автор сделал акцент на его истории второй половины XX века, когда феминизм получил дополнительные стимулы и вышел за рамки простой борьбы за гражданское равенство. Христианский феминизм сформировался на рубеже XIX–XX вв. под влиянием процессов секуляризации, антиклерикальной политики левых сил и первой волны феминизма, ознаменованной борьбой за юридические права женщин. Возникнув как одно из течений феминизма, христианский феминизм впоследствии приобрел самостоятельной значение, концентрируясь на продвижении женской эмансипации внутри Церкви. После Второй мировой войны его сторонники отходят от традиционной концепции женщины-домохозяйки и матери, высказываясь в пользу расширения не только политических, но и социальных прав женщин. В период майских событий 1968 года они оказались под сильным влиянием второй волны феминизма – движения за сексуальную эмансипацию, что отразилось в их подходе к дискуссиям о легализации абортов и контрацепции. В этот период одним из главных пунктов христианского феминизма во Франции стал поиск нового места женщины в Церкви, вопрос о праве женщин занимать церковные кафедры, отношение к целибату и разработка феминистской теологии.

Introduction: The relevance of the subject is proved by the interest in the activity of the fuel and energy complex which remains for Russia one of the economic system donors. In this regard, there is growing interest in the experience of the energy industry development in other states, for example to the oil industry reforms in the Great Britain in the last quarter of the 20th century. Methods and materials: The basis of the research is made by works of foreign authors and sources in English. The complex structure of the object of study determines using general historical techniques and the system approach. Analysis. The research of the evolution of the British oil industry is connected with considering the general economic situation in the country and the dominating ideological attitudes of the United Kingdom authorities concerning the economic system during the post-war period. It is possible to note that British authorities paid close attention to the oil industry. The privatization of oil enterprises, which began in the second half of the 1970s, became a reaction to the changes of the economic situation within the country and in the world. It was the tactical maneuver under the Labourists directed to stabilization of the economic system without its essential updating. The subsequent transformations of the oil industry under the Conservatives were based on the basis of the economic paradigm revision, with the expectation of reducing the state's participation in the ownership of enterprise assets, forming a broad layer of owners, both among small and large holders of securities, as well as strengthening the independence of fuel companies. Results: As a result of the reforms in the market, several fuel companies different in power, continued working. The authorities got an opportunity not only to replenish the budget, but also to fulfill the mechanisms of indirect impact on the oil industry that, on the one hand, allowed to differentiate the spheres of the parties' responsibilities, and on the other hand, to maintain the influence of the state in the strategic segment of economy.

The paper deals with the history of economic development of the film industry in the United States during the First World War. The beginning of XX century seems to be a very special stage of cinema development, in particular from the point of the history of national economy, since exactly at this time took place a formation of the world film market, and cinema for the first time was used not only as a commodity but also as an instrument of mass propaganda. The purpose of article is to trace the development of the American film business and its key aspects in the early XX century and during the war, based on the analysis of the relevant literature. Film industry is considered as a system of production, distribution and exhibition of audiovisual products. This article contains the conclusions concerning the global expansion of the US film industry in a specified period. Also substantiated the fact that the middle 1900s became an extremely important period in the development of the American film industry, during which the basics of the classical Hollywood business model were established.

The work is devoted to the study of the film music of one of the bright composers of the twentieth century, Alfred Garrievich Schnittke. The music scores of the composer for feature films, TV films and documentaries of major Russian film directors are in the center of attention. Among them there are E. Klimov, I. Talankin, A. Mikhalkov-Konchalovsky, Y. Karasik. In this work, the author used a "multi-step" principle of analysis: from the literary source and the actual director's revealing of the plot to the composer's music scores and music in the film, regarded as similar but not identical "texts".

In the 1960s the Komsomol began to give particular attention to its international activity, which was not only limited to participation, but also involved the organization of many different events for foreign youth and students - international friendship camps, forums, trips of foreign delegations. The creation of the Committee of Youth Organizations of the USSR (KMO USSR) and the Sputnik International Youth Tourism Bureau (BMMT) contributed to the intensification of the tourist exchange between Soviet and foreign youth. Both organizations were subordinate to the Central Committee of the Komsomol and received funding from the Komsomol budget. In 1962, additional funds started being allocated for international activities, as evidenced by a new item of expenditure that appeared in the budget of the Komsomol. Most of this money was spent by the Central Committee, with excessive expenditure on the reception of foreign delegations and gifts, which was repeatedly noted by audit checks. Twelve to thirty committees with international youth camps (out of 86 regional Komsomol committees) received money under the framework of this funding item. During the period under study, the Komsomol actively helped with the payment of organizational fees to the funds of the World Festivals of Youth and Students, and then began to provide direct material assistance to the youth organizations in Eastern Europe, Asia and Africa, which regularly applied for it. It is important to note that the annual increase of spending on international activities occurred in the context of the termination of state funding for the Komsomol, which in 1959 became fully financially self-sufficient. Based on a wide range of archival documents introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, the article presents an analysis of the financial activities of the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, its sources of funding and directions for spending the funds allocated for international activities. The relevance of the study is determined by the lack of serious scholarly investigation of this problem and the need to study the financial support of international activities in order to give a comprehensive assessment of its impact and efficiency.

В настоящее время цифровые технологии позволяют активно использовать в образовательном процессе самые разные визуальные средства. Однако, как показывает опыт, преподаватели иностранных языков довольно редко включают просмотр кинолент в процесс обучения. Цель настоящего исследования заключалась в описании роли художественных фильмов в формировании социокультурной компетенции и определении их места в процессе обучения немецкому языку. Для достижения указанной цели были проанализированы актуальные исследования о фильмах как средстве формирования социокультурной компетенции. Анализ показал, что они могут служить не только средством повышения мотивации, но и богатейшим источником социокультурных знаний, зачастую компенсируя информационные пробелы в учебниках. На эмпирическом этапе исследования был проведен опрос среди студентов, изучающих немецкий язык, и выявлены основные тенденции в использовании аутентичных художественных фильмов - студенты мало знакомы с немецким кинематографом, невысоко ценят актуальность фильмов, а преподаватели редко предлагают их к просмотру, ограничиваясь при этом лишь несколькими известными картинами. Таким образом, предположение о весьма скромной роли фильмов в процессе обучения немецкому было подтверждено эмпирически. В заключение даны рекомендации об использовании немецкоязычных художественных кинолент, обладающих богатым дидактическим потенциалом для развития социокультурной компетенции.
Nowadays, digital technology allow to actively use a variety of visual media in an educational process. However, the experience shows that foreign language teachers rather rarely include movies in their lessons. The purpose of this study is to describe the role of feature films in the development of sociocultural competence and to determine their place in teaching German. In order to achieve this goal, we analyzed the current research works on films as a means of development of sociocultural competence. The analysis showed that movies not only increase motivation, but can also be a rich source of sociocultural knowledge that often compensates for information gaps in textbooks. At the empirical stage we made a survey among the students studying German and revealed the main trends in the usage of authentic feature films. Students know little about German cinematography, value low the relevance of films, and teachers rarely offer films for watching, limiting themselves to a few famous films. Thus, our assumption about the very modest role of films in the German learning process was confirmed empirically. We conclude with recommendations for German-language feature films that have rich didactic potential for the development of sociocultural competence.

In recent decades, financial science actively covers new segments of the financial system that have not been studied previously. One of such areas is the analysis of impact of news on pricing in particular sectors of the stock market. The paper is related to this direction and aims to reveal the influence of news on stock price performance of companies in the U. S. film industry. To reach the goal we employed the abnormal return and trade volume analysis method, as well as multiple linear regressions. Basing on the results of the calculations, we provide the estimations of the general level of return and trade volume reaction on the release of positive and negative news. The significance of the obtained results showed the possibility of their application in practical investment activity, which makes them useful for individual and corporate investors, and fund managers who consider this sector as the possible destination for funds investment. The revealed mechanisms represent a good base for further research of the film industry in different countries and similar market segments.

The study involved the fabrication of films with different roughness and scaffolds made of
poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) using various methods. Chaotic and oriented scaffolds with varying
fiber thickness were obtained through the electrospinning method, depending on the polymer
concentration and electrospinning parameters. Films with different surface roughness were
obtained using spin coating and self-assembly methods. It was demonstrated that the varying
microstructure of the surface does not affect the growth of mesenchymal stem cells over the
course of a week; however, it does influence the morphology of the adhered cells.

The article is devoted to the debates in American feminism on the problem of the policy of multiculturalism in the USA in 1990-ies. The author concludes that the main reason for feminist critique was the problem of compatibility of the policy of preserving traditional cultures with values of liberal democracy, personal autonomy, freedom and immigrant womens rights. ; В статье анализируются дискуссии в американском феминизме относительно идеологии и политики мультикультурализма в США 1990-х гг. Автор статьи приходит к выводу о том, что центральным тезисом феминистской критики стала проблема совместимости политики сохранения традиционных культур с ценностями либеральной демократии, личной автономии, свободы и прав женщин из иммигрантских общин.

Изучаются способы, при помощи которых молодёжное движение Великобритании 1960–1970-х гг. пропагандировало свои идеи. Анализируются письменные источники, такие как газеты, листовки и брошюры, манифесты, а также литература, пользовавшаяся популярностью у сторонников молодёжного протеста. Установлено, что молодёжное движение Великобритании не было однородным. Его можно условно разделить на политическое и аполитичное направления. В рамках этих направлений не все группы молодёжного движения (субкультуры, студенческие союзы, молодёжные отделения парламентских партий) вели пропаганду своих идей. К числу ведших пропагандистскую работу групп молодёжного движения относятся левые и правые молодёжные организации и союзы. Основными формами пропагандистской работы для них были: публицистическая деятельность, проведение агитационных шествий, митингов и демонстраций. Левое движение пользовалось большей популярностью, но оказать сильного влияния на дестабилизацию политической обстановки пропагандистскими методами не смогло в силу своей разобщённости на отдельные направления (маоисты, троцкисты, «новые левые» и т.д.) и наличию лейбористской партии, собиравшей большую часть протестных голосов молодёжи.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2017)5-28 ; The article studies the ways the 1960s–1970s youth movement of Great Britain used to propagandize their ideas. The article analyzes the written sources of information, such as newspapers, leaflets, brochures, manifestos and the literature popular among youth protest supporters. It is clarified that the 1960s–1970s youth movement was not homogeneous. Conditionally, we can divide it into political and apolitical trends. Within these trends not all groups of youth movement, such as subcultures, student unions and youth wings of political parties, propagandized their ideas. Left-wing and rightwing youth organizations and unions can be included into the number of those who conducted propaganda. The main forms of propaganda they used were: publishing activity, agitation marches, rallies and demonstrations. Despite the fact that the left movement was more popular than the right movement, it could not destabilize the situation with propaganda methods due to the disunity of leftwing movement, such as Maoism, Trotskyism and "New Left" etc. Another reason was the existence of the Labour Party which collected most of the protest votes among the British youth.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2017)5-28

В статье рассмотрена специфика регионального партнерства в сфере развития и безопасности в Юго-Восточной Азии через призму внешней политики США и КНР на примере Сингапура и Таиланда. Исследована деятельность США по противодействию конкуренции, давлению и потенциальному господству Китайской Народной Республики в Юго-Восточной Азии. Проанализированы характерные особенности внешней политики Сингапура и Таиланда в отношении КНР и США. Выявлены особенности внешнеполитической стратегии Таиланда, которая направлена на поддержание тесных отношений как с США, так и с КНР и избежание ситуации геополитического выбора между этими странами. Показано, что Сингапур придерживается тактики укрепления национальной безопасности через формирование и развитие всесторонних отношений, в первую очередь с США. На основе проведенного исследования автор анализирует проблемы и противоречия, которые сложились во взаимоотношениях треугольника в вопросах региональной безопасности и развития. Подчеркивается важность углубления диалога между Соединенными Штатами Америки и Юго-Восточной Азией в вопросах поиска стратегий обеспечения региональной безопасности в военной, экономической, политической и культурной сферах, учитывая нарастающее влияние КНР. ; After the destruction of the bipolar system of the period of the cold war in northeast Asia in the 1990s – beginning of XXI century has clearly identified the formation of new regional bipolar system of international relations with two powerful centers of power – Chinese and American. With the advent of B. Obama in the US administration, the changes in the American strategy in the APR were manifested in the increased US participation in multilateral regional mechanisms. At the same time, it should be noted that the US interests in the subregion during this period were limited mainly to the anti-terrorist struggle, Washington"s goal was the gradual restoration of military-political ties with the states of the subregion on a bilateral basis. Lighted on the example of Singapore and Thailand some of the differences between strategies and expectations in connection with the alleged need to protect your-self from potential aggression from China by using a strong policy. Thailand is practicing a strong hedging behavior, maintaining close relation-ships with both US and China to maximize its benefits and room for maneuver. Thailand respects both countries without sacrificing national interests and diplomatic flexibility. The country manages its solid relations with the United States in such a way that facilitates closer ties with China without becoming overly dependent. Thailand usually opened in order to see that China contributes to regional security, although there remain questions about the hidden long-term ambitions of China and its transparency. Thailand controls the Chinese cooperation with non-traditional security issues as trafficking in drugs. The primary mission of Thai foreign policy is to position the Kingdom where he will not have to choose strategically between the US and China. In contrast, Singapore seems a little weaker, but it strengthens our security relation-ship with the United States, moving away from Beijing. The importance of deepening the dialogue between the United States of America and South – East Asia in the search for strategies for regional security in the military, economic, political and cultural spheres is underlined, taking into account the growing influence of China.

The article considers the industry estimates of the USSR of the late socialist period contained in the works of foreign economists. Particular attention is paid to the sovietological interpretations of the state of the USSR industrial sector as well as the economic policy of Soviet leadership in generating growth of industrial production, development of the Eastern regions of the country, innovation and modernization of fixed assets. The author concludes that the studies conducted by foreign scientists make it possible to clarify the assessment of the industrial sector of the Soviet Union before Perestroika and to adjust the estimates of economic development of the USSR of the "Brezhnev Era".

The article considers approaches to the state regulation of digital film distribution, evaluates them. The paper generalizes them in the form of proposals for anti-piracy regulation, promotion of original content of online cinemas in international markets, as well as for effective interaction of online cinemas with the Ministry of Culture and the Cinema Foundation. This will resolve the issue of serious competition to traditional cinemas, since the viewer has the opportunity to watch their favorite films without leaving home, and also related to the start of work on their own exclusive content of a large number of digital platforms. The state obliges digital platforms to provide information about the number of views of their content in a single automated information system. This information helps to assess the effectiveness of budget support for cinema, since there are examples of films that did not collect a large box office at the box office but were able to gain more than one million views on the Internet. ; Рассмотрены подходы к государственному регулированию цифрового кинопроката, дана их оценка. Сделаны обобщения в виде предложений по антипиратскому регулированию, продвижению оригинального контента онлайн-кинотеатров на международных рынках, а также по эффективному взаимодействию онлайн-кинотеатров с Министерством культуры Российской Федерации и Фондом кино. Это позволит урегулировать вопрос, связанный с серьезной конкуренцией с традиционными кинотеатрами, так как зритель имеет возможность смотреть любимые фильмы, не выходя из дома, а также с началом работы над собственным эксклюзивным контентом большого количества цифровых платформ. Государство обязывает цифровые платформы предоставлять информацию о количестве просмотров их контента в Единой автоматизированной информационной системе. Данная информация помогает оценивать эффективность бюджетной поддержки кинематографа, поскольку существуют примеры картин, которые не собрали большую кассу в кинопрокате, но смогли набрать не один миллион просмотров в сети ...

The aim of the article is to analyze the 1970 constitutional changes influence on the Buryat ASSR authorities functioning with the use of systematic and comparative approaches, and institutional method of research, and also unpublished archival materials. The text of the Fundamental Law of the autonomous republic was promulgated in mass media with a total amount of more than 170 thousand copies. Broad and purposeful explanatory work was carried out by members of the Constitutional commission of the republic, the ideological core group and editorial offices of newspapers, radio and television. The new Buryat ASSR Constitution was officially adopted on May 30, 1978 at the session of the supreme body of the government. Its text included new sections and chapters, and a number of articles were changed and added. The Buryat ASSR was proclaimed a socialist public state. The legal status was determined in detail, as well as the order and forms of activities of the Supreme Council, its Presidium and Council of ministers of the ASSR were regulated. People's Deputies of all levels constituted a single system of the government. The national statehood of Buryatia was limited. The declared and expanded political and social rights of citizens remained declarative in many respects. The unique political party won the constitutional status of leading and directing force of society denying all principles of separation of the authorities and turned into the main element of government institution. At the same time, the system of the state was not ideal. There followed a painful process of familiarizing working people with implementation of government and management. The local councils (sovjets) were supposed to represent workers' power but remained considerably the power over working masses. Bureaucratization of the councils' activities grew stronger, the councils were substituted by party committees, stability of personnel turned into their irremovability, stagnation and gerontocracy, Councils' control over the work of executive bodies required cardinal strengthening. A serious adjustment of the electoral system and democratization of political life of the society was needed. The considered materials can be used for a comparative analysis of activity of public organs of different levels. ; Целью статьи является анализ влияния конституционных изменений 1970-х гг. на функции органов власти Бурятской АССР с использованием системного, компаративистского подходов, институционального метода исследования, а также неопубликованных ранее архивных материалов. Текст проекта Основного Закона автономной республики был обнародован в печатных средствах массовой информации общим объемом более 170 тыс. экземпляров. Широкую и целенаправленную разъяснительную работу проводили члены Конституционной комиссии республики, идеологический актив, редакции газет, радио, телевидение. На сессии высшего органа государственной власти 30 мая 1978 г. была официально принята новая Конституция Бурятской АССР. В ее текст были включены новые разделы и главы, а ряд статей изменен и дополнен. Бурятская АССР объявлялась социалистическим общенародным государством. Подробно определялось правовое положение, регламентировался порядок и формы деятельности Верховного Совета и его Президиума, а также Совета Министров АССР. Советы народных депутатов всех уровней составляли единую систему государственной власти. Национальная государственность Бурятии была ограничена. Заявленные и расширенные политические и социальные права граждан во многом оставались декларативными. Единственная политическая партия обрела конституционный статус руководящей и направляющей силы общества и, отрицая все принципы разделения властей, превратилась в главный элемент государственной структуры. Вместе с тем система государственного устройства не была идеальной. С большими трудностями шло приобщение людей труда к осуществлению государственной власти и управления, благодаря чему Советы, являясь по своей сути органами власти через трудящихся, оставались в значительной мере властью над трудящимися массами. Нарастала бюрократизация деятельности Советов, подмена их партийными комитетами, стабильность кадров превращалась в их несменяемость, застой и геронтократию, требовал кардинального усиления контроль Советов за работой исполнительных органов. Все острее ощущалась необходимость серьезной корректировки избирательной системы, демократизации общественно-политической жизни общества. Рассмотренные материалы могут быть использованы для сравнительного анализа деятельности государственных органов различных уровней.