Suchergebnisse

Manifestations of Lithuanianness in the 19th century music publications is a complex and controversial topic in analyzing not only music publications but also the entire historical and cultural self-expression of the nation. Therefore, the dissertation deals with the period from the destruction of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795 until the proclamation of independence of Lithuania in 1918, according to historical and political events that have fundamentally determined and shaped the concept of the period in question. The object of research is the 19th century music publications in Lithuanian and in non-Lithuanian languages, related to the cultural expression of the Lithuanian nation in various ways. The aim of the dissertation is to reveal, investigate and evaluate the manifestations of Lithuanianness in the 19th century in music publications, to analyze the peculiarities of publications, perceiving them as a multifaceted complex product of musical-cultural expression which had a significant role in the formation and development of national music, contributed significantly to the formation of national identity and at the same time played an important role in intercultural communication. There are analyzed the general political, economic, and social situation of the Lithuanian nation in the 19th century, the concept of Lithuanianness and its development. The music publications are analyzed as a result of the publishing process, the structure of the repertoire of publications, genre diversity and stylistic structure are analyzed, the field of historical-cultural context, issues of intercultural communication and national identity are researched in greater detail.

Manifestations of Lithuanianness in the 19th century music publications is a complex and controversial topic in analyzing not only music publications but also the entire historical and cultural self-expression of the nation. Therefore, the dissertation deals with the period from the destruction of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795 until the proclamation of independence of Lithuania in 1918, according to historical and political events that have fundamentally determined and shaped the concept of the period in question. The object of research is the 19th century music publications in Lithuanian and in non-Lithuanian languages, related to the cultural expression of the Lithuanian nation in various ways. The aim of the dissertation is to reveal, investigate and evaluate the manifestations of Lithuanianness in the 19th century in music publications, to analyze the peculiarities of publications, perceiving them as a multifaceted complex product of musical-cultural expression which had a significant role in the formation and development of national music, contributed significantly to the formation of national identity and at the same time played an important role in intercultural communication. There are analyzed the general political, economic, and social situation of the Lithuanian nation in the 19th century, the concept of Lithuanianness and its development. The music publications are analyzed as a result of the publishing process, the structure of the repertoire of publications, genre diversity and stylistic structure are analyzed, the field of historical-cultural context, issues of intercultural communication and national identity are researched in greater detail.

Manifestations of Lithuanianness in the 19th century music publications is a complex and controversial topic in analyzing not only music publications but also the entire historical and cultural self-expression of the nation. Therefore, the dissertation deals with the period from the destruction of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795 until the proclamation of independence of Lithuania in 1918, according to historical and political events that have fundamentally determined and shaped the concept of the period in question. The object of research is the 19th century music publications in Lithuanian and in non-Lithuanian languages, related to the cultural expression of the Lithuanian nation in various ways. The aim of the dissertation is to reveal, investigate and evaluate the manifestations of Lithuanianness in the 19th century in music publications, to analyze the peculiarities of publications, perceiving them as a multifaceted complex product of musical-cultural expression which had a significant role in the formation and development of national music, contributed significantly to the formation of national identity and at the same time played an important role in intercultural communication. There are analyzed the general political, economic, and social situation of the Lithuanian nation in the 19th century, the concept of Lithuanianness and its development. The music publications are analyzed as a result of the publishing process, the structure of the repertoire of publications, genre diversity and stylistic structure are analyzed, the field of historical-cultural context, issues of intercultural communication and national identity are researched in greater detail.

Manifestations of Lithuanianness in the 19th century music publications is a complex and controversial topic in analyzing not only music publications but also the entire historical and cultural self-expression of the nation. Therefore, the dissertation deals with the period from the destruction of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795 until the proclamation of independence of Lithuania in 1918, according to historical and political events that have fundamentally determined and shaped the concept of the period in question. The object of research is the 19th century music publications in Lithuanian and in non-Lithuanian languages, related to the cultural expression of the Lithuanian nation in various ways. The aim of the dissertation is to reveal, investigate and evaluate the manifestations of Lithuanianness in the 19th century in music publications, to analyze the peculiarities of publications, perceiving them as a multifaceted complex product of musical-cultural expression which had a significant role in the formation and development of national music, contributed significantly to the formation of national identity and at the same time played an important role in intercultural communication. There are analyzed the general political, economic, and social situation of the Lithuanian nation in the 19th century, the concept of Lithuanianness and its development. The music publications are analyzed as a result of the publishing process, the structure of the repertoire of publications, genre diversity and stylistic structure are analyzed, the field of historical-cultural context, issues of intercultural communication and national identity are researched in greater detail.

Manifestations of Lithuanianness in the 19th century music publications is a complex and controversial topic in analyzing not only music publications but also the entire historical and cultural self-expression of the nation. Therefore, the dissertation deals with the period from the destruction of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795 until the proclamation of independence of Lithuania in 1918, according to historical and political events that have fundamentally determined and shaped the concept of the period in question. The object of research is the 19th century music publications in Lithuanian and in non-Lithuanian languages, related to the cultural expression of the Lithuanian nation in various ways. The aim of the dissertation is to reveal, investigate and evaluate the manifestations of Lithuanianness in the 19th century in music publications, to analyze the peculiarities of publications, perceiving them as a multifaceted complex product of musical-cultural expression which had a significant role in the formation and development of national music, contributed significantly to the formation of national identity and at the same time played an important role in intercultural communication. There are analyzed the general political, economic, and social situation of the Lithuanian nation in the 19th century, the concept of Lithuanianness and its development. The music publications are analyzed as a result of the publishing process, the structure of the repertoire of publications, genre diversity and stylistic structure are analyzed, the field of historical-cultural context, issues of intercultural communication and national identity are researched in greater detail.

Manifestations of Lithuanianness in the 19th century music publications is a complex and controversial topic in analyzing not only music publications but also the entire historical and cultural self-expression of the nation. Therefore, the dissertation deals with the period from the destruction of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795 until the proclamation of independence of Lithuania in 1918, according to historical and political events that have fundamentally determined and shaped the concept of the period in question. The object of research is the 19th century music publications in Lithuanian and in non-Lithuanian languages, related to the cultural expression of the Lithuanian nation in various ways. The aim of the dissertation is to reveal, investigate and evaluate the manifestations of Lithuanianness in the 19th century in music publications, to analyze the peculiarities of publications, perceiving them as a multifaceted complex product of musical-cultural expression which had a significant role in the formation and development of national music, contributed significantly to the formation of national identity and at the same time played an important role in intercultural communication. There are analyzed the general political, economic, and social situation of the Lithuanian nation in the 19th century, the concept of Lithuanianness and its development. The music publications are analyzed as a result of the publishing process, the structure of the repertoire of publications, genre diversity and stylistic structure are analyzed, the field of historical-cultural context, issues of intercultural communication and national identity are researched in greater detail.

Manifestations of Lithuanianness in the 19th century music publications is a complex and controversial topic in analyzing not only music publications but also the entire historical and cultural self-expression of the nation. Therefore, the dissertation deals with the period from the destruction of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795 until the proclamation of independence of Lithuania in 1918, according to historical and political events that have fundamentally determined and shaped the concept of the period in question. The object of research is the 19th century music publications in Lithuanian and in non-Lithuanian languages, related to the cultural expression of the Lithuanian nation in various ways. The aim of the dissertation is to reveal, investigate and evaluate the manifestations of Lithuanianness in the 19th century in music publications, to analyze the peculiarities of publications, perceiving them as a multifaceted complex product of musical-cultural expression which had a significant role in the formation and development of national music, contributed significantly to the formation of national identity and at the same time played an important role in intercultural communication. There are analyzed the general political, economic, and social situation of the Lithuanian nation in the 19th century, the concept of Lithuanianness and its development. The music publications are analyzed as a result of the publishing process, the structure of the repertoire of publications, genre diversity and stylistic structure are analyzed, the field of historical-cultural context, issues of intercultural communication and national identity are researched in greater detail.

Manifestations of Lithuanianness in the 19th century music publications is a complex and controversial topic in analyzing not only music publications but also the entire historical and cultural self-expression of the nation. Therefore, the dissertation deals with the period from the destruction of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795 until the proclamation of independence of Lithuania in 1918, according to historical and political events that have fundamentally determined and shaped the concept of the period in question. The object of research is the 19th century music publications in Lithuanian and in non-Lithuanian languages, related to the cultural expression of the Lithuanian nation in various ways. The aim of the dissertation is to reveal, investigate and evaluate the manifestations of Lithuanianness in the 19th century in music publications, to analyze the peculiarities of publications, perceiving them as a multifaceted complex product of musical-cultural expression which had a significant role in the formation and development of national music, contributed significantly to the formation of national identity and at the same time played an important role in intercultural communication. There are analyzed the general political, economic, and social situation of the Lithuanian nation in the 19th century, the concept of Lithuanianness and its development. The music publications are analyzed as a result of the publishing process, the structure of the repertoire of publications, genre diversity and stylistic structure are analyzed, the field of historical-cultural context, issues of intercultural communication and national identity are researched in greater detail.

An analysis of the rhetoric of two nineteenth century Lithuanian writers, two bishops – M. Valancius and A. Baranauskas, shows us several kinds of Christian discourse and the influence of religious texts on literary creation. The two bishops, who really influenced the social and psychological life of their era, had different personalities and psychological make-ups. The rhetoric of M. Valancius, which reflects the esthetics of the Enlightenment, was didactic rhetoric, based upon a long tradition of Christian education. The rhetorician-teacher emphasizes the asymmetrical aspect of teaching and a transparent, reciprocal model of rhetoric. For M. Valancius, the erudite are linked to the foundations of morality and express it in appropriate terms, accentuating the spatial and temporal dimensions of speech, and the receiver. The writings of A. Baranauskas reflect the classical tradition, but we can link them to the rhetoric of the Christian sublime. In his syllabi of homiletic studies, he elucidates the sacred function of the linguistic act and the grandeur of religious eloquence. His works show the grandeur of the human soul when it aspires to achieve harmony and to come into contact with God. The domination of religious values in the middle of the nineteenth century in no way diminishes the role of rhetoric in the social and cultural life of the period – when the political tribune falls silent, a Christian rhetorician speaks out. His status as a bishop lends authority to this tribune and broadens the scope and influence of Christian discourse.

An analysis of the rhetoric of two nineteenth century Lithuanian writers, two bishops – M. Valancius and A. Baranauskas, shows us several kinds of Christian discourse and the influence of religious texts on literary creation. The two bishops, who really influenced the social and psychological life of their era, had different personalities and psychological make-ups. The rhetoric of M. Valancius, which reflects the esthetics of the Enlightenment, was didactic rhetoric, based upon a long tradition of Christian education. The rhetorician-teacher emphasizes the asymmetrical aspect of teaching and a transparent, reciprocal model of rhetoric. For M. Valancius, the erudite are linked to the foundations of morality and express it in appropriate terms, accentuating the spatial and temporal dimensions of speech, and the receiver. The writings of A. Baranauskas reflect the classical tradition, but we can link them to the rhetoric of the Christian sublime. In his syllabi of homiletic studies, he elucidates the sacred function of the linguistic act and the grandeur of religious eloquence. His works show the grandeur of the human soul when it aspires to achieve harmony and to come into contact with God. The domination of religious values in the middle of the nineteenth century in no way diminishes the role of rhetoric in the social and cultural life of the period – when the political tribune falls silent, a Christian rhetorician speaks out. His status as a bishop lends authority to this tribune and broadens the scope and influence of Christian discourse.

An analysis of the rhetoric of two nineteenth century Lithuanian writers, two bishops – M. Valancius and A. Baranauskas, shows us several kinds of Christian discourse and the influence of religious texts on literary creation. The two bishops, who really influenced the social and psychological life of their era, had different personalities and psychological make-ups. The rhetoric of M. Valancius, which reflects the esthetics of the Enlightenment, was didactic rhetoric, based upon a long tradition of Christian education. The rhetorician-teacher emphasizes the asymmetrical aspect of teaching and a transparent, reciprocal model of rhetoric. For M. Valancius, the erudite are linked to the foundations of morality and express it in appropriate terms, accentuating the spatial and temporal dimensions of speech, and the receiver. The writings of A. Baranauskas reflect the classical tradition, but we can link them to the rhetoric of the Christian sublime. In his syllabi of homiletic studies, he elucidates the sacred function of the linguistic act and the grandeur of religious eloquence. His works show the grandeur of the human soul when it aspires to achieve harmony and to come into contact with God. The domination of religious values in the middle of the nineteenth century in no way diminishes the role of rhetoric in the social and cultural life of the period – when the political tribune falls silent, a Christian rhetorician speaks out. His status as a bishop lends authority to this tribune and broadens the scope and influence of Christian discourse.

This article provides the first review of the situation of musical training at several Jewish educational institutions in Vilnius in the 19th century. The review is based on archival material stored at the Lithuanian State Historical Archives and the publications of the 2nd half of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century, dedicated to the situation of education in Vilnius. The ideology and cultural policy of Czarist Russia were clearly reflected in Jewish educational institutions – in state institutions students were taught the works of Russian composers and Russian folk songs that were found suitable by the tsarist government; the private ones were allowed to be established on condition that studies were conducted in Russian. For example, even the psalms in the Great Synagogue of Vilnius were sung in Russian by students of Vilnius' Rabbinical School. Based on surviving data, the article provides a fragmentary review of the specifics of musical education in several Jewish institutions (Rabbinical School and Jewish Teachers' Training Institute in Vilnius), study programs, personalities. One can conclude that music teaching was considered to be important in these institutions, because the professional musicians (Vasily Markovitch Natanson, Zdeněk Fibich, Vasily (Wolf ) Ebann) were invited to teach; an orchestra of students was operating in the Jewish Teachers' Training Institute

This article provides the first review of the situation of musical training at several Jewish educational institutions in Vilnius in the 19th century. The review is based on archival material stored at the Lithuanian State Historical Archives and the publications of the 2nd half of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century, dedicated to the situation of education in Vilnius. The ideology and cultural policy of Czarist Russia were clearly reflected in Jewish educational institutions – in state institutions students were taught the works of Russian composers and Russian folk songs that were found suitable by the tsarist government; the private ones were allowed to be established on condition that studies were conducted in Russian. For example, even the psalms in the Great Synagogue of Vilnius were sung in Russian by students of Vilnius' Rabbinical School. Based on surviving data, the article provides a fragmentary review of the specifics of musical education in several Jewish institutions (Rabbinical School and Jewish Teachers' Training Institute in Vilnius), study programs, personalities. One can conclude that music teaching was considered to be important in these institutions, because the professional musicians (Vasily Markovitch Natanson, Zdeněk Fibich, Vasily (Wolf ) Ebann) were invited to teach; an orchestra of students was operating in the Jewish Teachers' Training Institute

The object of the Master's Thesis is the internal migration of residents of Vilnius Province and the data characterising them. The aim of the research is to assess the internal migration in Vilnius Province in the second half of the 19th century. To achieve the aim several objectives have been set. First, to investigate and indicate the steps of tsarist government that made impact on peasant's living; second, referring to experience of foreign researchers, to find an effective model for exploring internal migration. In Vilnius Province, many diverse people would live; therefore, in order to explore their mobility, primarily, it was needed to estimate demographic, natural and economic factors influencing internal migration of people. After that, having estimated a method of internal migration, it was applied at three levels: province, counties and volosts (small rural districts). The following conclusions have been drawn after carrying out the research. Frequent agrarian reforms carried out by the tsarist government were a gradual move towards termination of serfdom and unification of peasants both legally and economically. Wanting to adjust to the changes, peasants had to be externally mobile. Having surveyed experience of foreign researchers, the mathematical model of the polynomial distribution of internal migration was employed; it enables estimating a fact of internal migration at a given preciseness. The present research estimated (with the 0.999 precision) that internal migration in Vilnius Province existed throughout the entire period of the second half of the 19th century. Complexly applying the method of exploration of internal migration, the province counties to which and from which people would migrate have been found out. For instance, in the period 1850–1868, people from the rest of the counties, except for Švenčionys, of the Province would go to live in Vilnius County. The amount of such internal migrants was some 5.8 thousand people; and in the period 1875–1879 a reverse process took place in Vilnius County: it lost 225 residents. Internal migration of peasants hides in certain data characterising them; it has been found out that the data is stored in statistical reports on peasants of the Province. The performed research presents a background for further analysis of migration (especially its causes). Having compared research results with the census of residents in Russia carried out in 1897, it has been found out that the results supplement each other and basically do not differ. However, they suggest that the volume of internal migration in Vilnius Province counties was much lower than people's migration among provinces.

The object of the Master's Thesis is the internal migration of residents of Vilnius Province and the data characterising them. The aim of the research is to assess the internal migration in Vilnius Province in the second half of the 19th century. To achieve the aim several objectives have been set. First, to investigate and indicate the steps of tsarist government that made impact on peasant's living; second, referring to experience of foreign researchers, to find an effective model for exploring internal migration. In Vilnius Province, many diverse people would live; therefore, in order to explore their mobility, primarily, it was needed to estimate demographic, natural and economic factors influencing internal migration of people. After that, having estimated a method of internal migration, it was applied at three levels: province, counties and volosts (small rural districts). The following conclusions have been drawn after carrying out the research. Frequent agrarian reforms carried out by the tsarist government were a gradual move towards termination of serfdom and unification of peasants both legally and economically. Wanting to adjust to the changes, peasants had to be externally mobile. Having surveyed experience of foreign researchers, the mathematical model of the polynomial distribution of internal migration was employed; it enables estimating a fact of internal migration at a given preciseness. The present research estimated (with the 0.999 precision) that internal migration in Vilnius Province existed throughout the entire period of the second half of the 19th century. Complexly applying the method of exploration of internal migration, the province counties to which and from which people would migrate have been found out. For instance, in the period 1850–1868, people from the rest of the counties, except for Švenčionys, of the Province would go to live in Vilnius County. The amount of such internal migrants was some 5.8 thousand people; and in the period 1875–1879 a reverse process took place in Vilnius County: it lost 225 residents. Internal migration of peasants hides in certain data characterising them; it has been found out that the data is stored in statistical reports on peasants of the Province. The performed research presents a background for further analysis of migration (especially its causes). Having compared research results with the census of residents in Russia carried out in 1897, it has been found out that the results supplement each other and basically do not differ. However, they suggest that the volume of internal migration in Vilnius Province counties was much lower than people's migration among provinces.