Уперше текст есе було опубліковано у виданні: C. Langlois. Politique et religion // Histoire de la France religieuse / ред. J. Le Goff , R. Rémond, т. 3: Du Roi Très Chrétien à la laïcité républicaine / ред. P. Joutard. Paris 1991, с. 108-143. Українською мовою есе публікується за згодою Автора, з коментарем д. і. н. Вадима Ададурова. ; Есе характеризує взаємодію між політичним і релігійним рівнями суспільної активности у Франції в період між укладенням у 1801 р. конкордату й ухваленням у 1901-1904 рр. законів про відокремлення Церкви від держави. Оповідь зосереджується на трьох головних точках взаємодії політики і релігії, якими було ставлення до Римського престолу, до спадщини Французької революції та до освіти. ; The author elucidates the interaction between political and religious social activism in France during the period between the signing of the Concordat (1801) and the adoption of laws on governing the separation of church and state (1901-1904). Three main points of intersection between politics and religion are identified as attitudes to: (i) the Holy See; (ii) the legacy of the French Revolution; and (iii) education.
Статтю присвячено аналізу нормативних документів з питань організації вітчизняної вищої (університетської) освіти XIX століття; схарактеризовано положення університетських статутів, що носили характер законів, і визначали процедуру обрання, перелік повноважень, напрями діяльності ректорів університетів України впродовж XIX століття. ; The article is devoted to analysis of regulatory documents concerning organization of higher (university) education in the 19th century in Ukraine, which set out requirements to candidates for the rector's office, the rector election or an appointment procedure, the scope of duties and responsibilities and areas of activity. Scientific research has proved that during the studied period the aforementioned matters were regulated, first of all, by university charters. A university charter of 1804 became the first document to regulate activity of rectors of Ukrainian universities at legislative level. The rector was to be elected from among ordinary professors for a one-year term. His candidature, nominated by the minister of popular education, required approval by the emperor and only the emperor had the authority to relieve him from his duties. At the same time, the rector was considered «first among equals» and his actions and decisions could be easily appealed at the board meetings or in the university court. The rector as the head of university had the duty of taking care about the institution's improvement, presided over all university and committee meetings, was responsible for maintenance of order at the university, and oversaw performance by university officials and staff of their duties and their compliance with provisions of the university charter and directives of the minister and educational district curator. Every month the rector had to report to curator about the state of affairs in the university and also in educational institutions of the educational district. However, the rector had the power to make independent decisions only on the matters which could not be postponed and was obliged to report on his decision at the nearest meeting of academic council and university board. As the chairman of academic council and university board, the rector had the right of decisive vote. Moreover, the rector had the right to be first to open letters addressed to the university, board, academic council and educational committee. The rector also kept the large university seal. In the event of rector's illness, death or absence for good reason his deputy, called pro-rector, acted for him. If the latter was unable for any reason to perform rector's duties, the university board had to elect another pro-rector from among ordinary professors by notifying the curator about it. Later on, with the entry into force of the charters of 1833, 1835, 1842, 1863, 1884 the above regulations underwent certain changes as a result of change of the government policy on higher education, narrowing or expanding the scope of competence of collegiate bodies in administrative organization of Ukrainian universities and strengthening authority of educational district curators and the minister. The above factors had substantial bearing upon the status of the rector as the head of university and the scope of his duties.
The article examines the socio-psychological aspect of the influence of political processes and changes in the civil society of the Russian Empire in ХІХ century. on the personality of the nobleman-liberal Alexander Lindfors (1837–1890) – one of the founders of the Russian constitutional movement.The purpose of the article is to cover the formation of his life position through the lens of influences on the personality of political processes and changes in civil society from 1837 to 1890.The main methods of research were the method of analysis of life path and the method of socio-cultural transmissions, which allowed to cover the problem more thoroughly.The scientific novelty of the study was the attempt for the first time to analyze the effects that contributed to the foundation of certain ideals of A. Lindfors, on which his worldview was based.The intelligence findings highlight important factors in the domestic political situation in the nineteenth-century Russian Empire that helped shape the necessary ideals of the well-known representative of the Zemsky Liberal Movement.A. Lindfors' involvement in liberal ideas came about through his noble origin, the example of his father (F. Lindfors, who served as the conciliator of Gorodnia county), in connection with the friendly relations with I. Petrunkevich (a well-known representative of the liberal movement), as well as directly related to the overall situation in post-reform Russia. However, for the first time he managed to get acquainted with liberal ideas in educational institutions, first and foremost in the Pagus of His Imperial Majesty's Corps. A significant catalyst for the formation of A. Lindfors' views in the liberal movement was the introduction of a constitution in Bulgaria and the creation of a Supreme Administrative Commission.It later helped, in our view, to realize A. Lindfors' need for a constitutional monarchy for the Russian Empire.
The article examines the socio-psychological aspect of the influence of political processes and changes in the civil society of the Russian Empire in ХІХ century. on the personality of the nobleman-liberal Alexander Lindfors (1837–1890) – one of the founders of the Russian constitutional movement.The purpose of the article is to cover the formation of his life position through the lens of influences on the personality of political processes and changes in civil society from 1837 to 1890.The main methods of research were the method of analysis of life path and the method of socio-cultural transmissions, which allowed to cover the problem more thoroughly.The scientific novelty of the study was the attempt for the first time to analyze the effects that contributed to the foundation of certain ideals of A. Lindfors, on which his worldview was based.The intelligence findings highlight important factors in the domestic political situation in the nineteenth-century Russian Empire that helped shape the necessary ideals of the well-known representative of the Zemsky Liberal Movement.A. Lindfors' involvement in liberal ideas came about through his noble origin, the example of his father (F. Lindfors, who served as the conciliator of Gorodnia county), in connection with the friendly relations with I. Petrunkevich (a well-known representative of the liberal movement), as well as directly related to the overall situation in post-reform Russia. However, for the first time he managed to get acquainted with liberal ideas in educational institutions, first and foremost in the Pagus of His Imperial Majesty's Corps. A significant catalyst for the formation of A. Lindfors' views in the liberal movement was the introduction of a constitution in Bulgaria and the creation of a Supreme Administrative Commission.It later helped, in our view, to realize A. Lindfors' need for a constitutional monarchy for the Russian Empire.
In this article the author analyzes some aspects in the process of the development of the system of public instruction in Canadian society late 18th – early 19th century. A brief overview of social and cultural peculiarities of the society has been given. The author discusses the conditions of schooling and school premises. Special attention is drawn to the study of teacher qualifications and main methods of instruction that have been used in Canadian schools late 18th – early 19th century. The development of education in the country is closely linked to the history of socio-political and cultural-historical structure of society. Therefore, the author studied a retrospective of the development of education in Canada, with a view to examining the major historical events that have a direct impact on its formation and development. The author established that the formation of education in Upper Canada affected by certain factors. First of all, it is the political structure of the province, through which the provincial governor-general had broad powers and could determine the course of educational policy according to its own vision of the province needs and development. Secondly, it's geographic location of the province, which situated due to the proximity to the United States. Also the author highlighted about the another factor as the colonial dependence of Upper Canada from the UK, and therefore can be seen introducing elements of education, similar to the UK government and assistance in opening schools - grammar schools - intended only for the education children from elite. Key words: public school system, Canada, 19th century, monitorial instruction, school premises, teacher qualifications. ; У статті автором розглядаються деякі аспекти процесу становлення системи шкільної освіти у канадському суспільстві кінця XVIII – початку ХІХ століття. Подано коротку характеристику соціо-культурного життя суспільства досліджуваного періоду. Досліджені умови проведення навчання та стан шкільних приміщень. Особлива увага ...
The article deals with the cultural processes which have defined the character of the trends in the painting in Galicia at the end of the 19th century and the complete consolidation of the main genres in Ukrainian painting – everyday genre, portrait genre, landscape genre, historic genre, and the conception of the other genres: battle-painting, animalistic genre, still life etc.National painting which was started in Galicia in the 70s of the 19th century, revealed its variety in the differrent art trends performing not only its aesthetics function – under that conditions, the art was also politically charged.Fine Art has also helped to show the pecularities of the west Ukranian culture and to become acquainted with the specific features due to the peculiarities of social and political life of Ukrainian people under the Austro-Hungarian Empire.Nowadays, thanks to the huge efforts of local scientists, cutural and political figures, and also foreign researches, the forgotten names, as well as the lost painting values of that difficult time are being retrieved. It makes it possible to introduce to the science and wide audience those parts of the history of Ukrainian painting which due to different circumstances were unknown till the present time.Only on the basis of a such difficult work the conception about the whole picture of the painting of Lviv in 1870 – 1900 will be formed. It will be possible to show its influence on the general cultural situation in Galicia and whole Ukrainian population, regardless of the state formation of that time.Moreover, the active Ukrainian artistic life of Galicia is an evidence of the fact, that the whole national idea dominates more intesively, and due to the rate of national revival of Ukrainian nation, Galicia of the last third of the twentieth century was ahead of the Eastern Ukraine.On the basis of the research, we may state, that during 1870 – 1900-ies a large numer of artists of different nationalities (Poles, Austrians, Germans etc.) have been residing and working in Lviv.In the article we have defined the number of Ukrainian artists unified by the common aim – to serve Ukrainian art and Ukrainian people.Keywords: west Ukrainian painting, Galicia, genre, 19th century, trend, Ukrainian people, native scientists, Fine Art, west Ukrainian culture. ; У процесі дослідження вивчено та узагальнено найрізноманітніші літературні джерела та виокремлено плеяду митців, яких, передовсім, об'єднувала спільна мета – служіння українському мистецтву та українському народові. З'ясовано, що реальним втіленням цих засад займалися українські меценати (В. Дідушицький, В. Федорович, І. Левинський та багато інших), а також українські підприємці, громадські товариства та християнські громади. Вони відкривали можливості для творчої праці та церковних замовлень на ікони та розписи. На підставі дослідженого, можна говорити про активне мистецьке життя Галичини кінця ХІХ – початку ХХ століття. Ключові слова: західноукраїнське малярство, тенденції, Галичина, живопис, образотворче мистецтво.
The article deals with the peculiarities of the pedagogical historiography in Austria till the middle of the 19th century. Characteristics of the main sources connected with the principles of the Austrian pedagogical historiography are given in the context of the historical development of the state. They are: narrative sources (journalistic, historical articles, folklore, literary works, chronicles etc.), deductive sources (works on teaching and education methods, textbooks, school regulations, courses of lectures etc.) and documentary sources (guidelines and instructions of government, statistics data etc.). ; В статті розглянуто особливості формування педагогічної історіографії в Австрії до середини ХІХ століття. В контексті історичного розвитку держави наведено характеристику основних джерел, з якими пов'язані початки австрійської педагогічної історіографії. Це, зокрема, оповідальні джерела (публіцистичні, історичні праці, фольклор, літературні твори, літописи, хроніки тощо), дидактичні джерела (праці з методики навчання та виховання, підручники, статути шкіл, курси лекцій і тому подібне), документальні джерела (директивні та інструктивні документи уряду, статистичні дані тощо).
Концептуально осмисливши дилему спільнотної ідентичності як базову проблему в дискурсивному просторі українознавства поч. XІX ст. та проаналізувавши специфіку формування уявлень про українську самобутність в історіографії «старшинських автономістів» і студіях над художньою словесністю початку XІX ст., можна зробити обґрунтований висновок про те, що пробудження у Європі під впливом Французької революції та наполеонівських війн національних рухів поставило перед українськими інтелектуалами питання, на які не було відповіді у системі координат «старшинського автономізму». Прикметно, що навіть «История Русов» – своєрідний політичний маніфест найрадикальнішого крила автономістів – все ж лишається ще в межах дискурсу малоросійського, а не загальнонаціонального: чинник конфесійний відіграє для його автора одну із вирішальних ролей, селянство опиняється за межами «політичного народу», право імператора на володіння козацькими теренами не піддається сумніву. Перші спроби аналітичного осмислення пам'яток української художньої словесності (збірка дум, яка збереглася в паперах В. Ломиковського, «Грамматика малороссийского наречия…» О. Павловського) засвідчили становлення наукового зацікавлення українською мовою та словесністю як цікавими та самобутніми феноменами. Таке зацікавлення ще більше посилилося під впливом філософії гердеризму, яка розглядала народну пісню як втілення автентичного народного буття. Важливим етапом на цьому шляху став вихід «Опыта собрания старинных малороссийских песен» М. Цертелєва – першої друкованої збірки козацьких дум, автор якої підніс до рівня естетичного ідеалу народно-героїчний епос України. Такий підхід став передвістям кардинальної зміни не тільки в методології українознавства, а й у цілій системі уявлень про спільнотну ідентичність українців, до якої спричинили незабаром «Малороссийские песни» М. Максимовича. ; Having conceptually embraced the communal identity problem in the space of the early 19th-century Ukrainian Studies discourse, and having analyzed the specifics of forming the concept of the Ukrainian singularity in the historiography of senior autonomists and language arts studies of the early 19th century, we can make a substantiated conclusion that the European revival of national movements, influenced by the French Revolution and Napoleon invasions, faced Ukrainian intellectuals with the question to which the system of "senior autonomy" didn't have an answer. It is worth mentioning that even "History of the Rus" – a kind of a political manifesto of the most radical autonomists' wing – still remains in terms of the Little Russian discourse instead of the national one: the denominational factor plays for its author one of the crucial parts; peasantry appears beyond the "political nation"; the emperor's right for owning Cossack terrains stays out of question. The first attempts to analytically comprehend the Ukrainian language arts (the collection of dumas, preserved in V. Lomykovskyi's papers, O. Pavlovskyi's "Grammar of the Little Russian Dialect") testified the establishment of the scientific interest in the Ukrainian language and language arts as a specific and singular phenomenon. This interest intensified under the influence of Herder's philosophy, which considered folk songs as the implementation of the authentic people's being. An important stage of this way was marked by the release of "Experience of Collecting Old Little Russian Songs" by M. Tserteliev – the first published collection of Cossack dumas, whose author lifted the vernacular-heroic epos of Ukraine to the level of an aesthetic ideal. Such an approach foreboded radical changes not only in the methodology of Ukrainian studies but also in the entire system of the communal Ukrainian identity concept, which later included M. Maksymovych's "Little Russian Songs".
Концептуально осмисливши дилему спільнотної ідентичності як базову проблему в дискурсивному просторі українознавства поч. XІX ст. та проаналізувавши специфіку формування уявлень про українську самобутність в історіографії «старшинських автономістів» і студіях над художньою словесністю початку XІX ст., можна зробити обґрунтований висновок про те, що пробудження у Європі під впливом Французької революції та наполеонівських війн національних рухів поставило перед українськими інтелектуалами питання, на які не було відповіді у системі координат «старшинського автономізму». Прикметно, що навіть «История Русов» – своєрідний політичний маніфест найрадикальнішого крила автономістів – все ж лишається ще в межах дискурсу малоросійського, а не загальнонаціонального: чинник конфесійний відіграє для його автора одну із вирішальних ролей, селянство опиняється за межами «політичного народу», право імператора на володіння козацькими теренами не піддається сумніву. Перші спроби аналітичного осмислення пам'яток української художньої словесності (збірка дум, яка збереглася в паперах В. Ломиковського, «Грамматика малороссийского наречия…» О. Павловського) засвідчили становлення наукового зацікавлення українською мовою та словесністю як цікавими та самобутніми феноменами. Таке зацікавлення ще більше посилилося під впливом філософії гердеризму, яка розглядала народну пісню як втілення автентичного народного буття. Важливим етапом на цьому шляху став вихід «Опыта собрания старинных малороссийских песен» М. Цертелєва – першої друкованої збірки козацьких дум, автор якої підніс до рівня естетичного ідеалу народно-героїчний епос України. Такий підхід став передвістям кардинальної зміни не тільки в методології українознавства, а й у цілій системі уявлень про спільнотну ідентичність українців, до якої спричинили незабаром «Малороссийские песни» М. Максимовича. ; Having conceptually embraced the communal identity problem in the space of the early 19th-century Ukrainian Studies discourse, and having analyzed the specifics of forming the concept of the Ukrainian singularity in the historiography of senior autonomists and language arts studies of the early 19th century, we can make a substantiated conclusion that the European revival of national movements, influenced by the French Revolution and Napoleon invasions, faced Ukrainian intellectuals with the question to which the system of "senior autonomy" didn't have an answer. It is worth mentioning that even "History of the Rus" – a kind of a political manifesto of the most radical autonomists' wing – still remains in terms of the Little Russian discourse instead of the national one: the denominational factor plays for its author one of the crucial parts; peasantry appears beyond the "political nation"; the emperor's right for owning Cossack terrains stays out of question. The first attempts to analytically comprehend the Ukrainian language arts (the collection of dumas, preserved in V. Lomykovskyi's papers, O. Pavlovskyi's "Grammar of the Little Russian Dialect") testified the establishment of the scientific interest in the Ukrainian language and language arts as a specific and singular phenomenon. This interest intensified under the influence of Herder's philosophy, which considered folk songs as the implementation of the authentic people's being. An important stage of this way was marked by the release of "Experience of Collecting Old Little Russian Songs" by M. Tserteliev – the first published collection of Cossack dumas, whose author lifted the vernacular-heroic epos of Ukraine to the level of an aesthetic ideal. Such an approach foreboded radical changes not only in the methodology of Ukrainian studies but also in the entire system of the communal Ukrainian identity concept, which later included M. Maksymovych's "Little Russian Songs".
Всемилостиві маніфести були одним із механізмів здійснення самодержавного права помилування і милостей. Ця політична технологія дозволяла владі регулювати взаємини із суспільством, корегуючи оголошення найвищих милостей; силу з якою «натягувалося» кермо влади. Порівняльний огляд Всемилостивого маніфесту, підготовлений Канцелярією Комітету міністрів містить велику кількість інформації довідкового характеру, доповнюючу уявлення про різні аспекти внутрішньої політики російського уряду впродовж XIX в. ; The most gracious manifestos were one of mechanisms of implementation of the autocratic right of pardon and favor. This political technology allowed the power to regulate relationship with society, correcting the announcement of the highest favor force with which reins of government «stretched».Emergence of the first similar acts belongs to the XVII century. In the XIX century the circle of the highest favor was expanded, they were granted by also mercy decrees, the royal diplomas, the commands most royal approved by regulations and rules, published at the same time with the Most gracious manifestos. The power repeatedly resorted to the edition during the period between manifestos of other mercy acts to weaken intensity in society. The question of publication of the mercy manifesto was started in the first and the second State a thought, however the mercy acts proceeding from the monarch at the beginning of the XX century didn't follow. Nevertheless, on October 21, 1905. The council of ministers issued the decree about amnesty of the political criminals who have made criminal acts before publication of the Manifesto on October 17, 1905. Thus, the highest right of pardon expressed in manifestos, having reached at the end of the XIX century of the apogee, at the beginning of the XX century it was transformed from the personified decision of the governor who was above the law, to the\ subordinate governmental act.The comparative reviews of the Most gracious manifestos prepared by Office of Committee of ministers contain the extensive information of help character supplementing ideas of various aspects of domestic policy of the Russian government throughout the XIX century. The analysis of these sources which so far haven't been introduced into scientific circulation, allows to expand idea of mercy acts of the XIX century, their structure, «set» of the highest favor, width of coverage of the various parties of the state life ; Всемилостивейшие манифесты являлись одним из механизмов осуществлениясамодержавного права помилования и милостей. Эта политическая технология позволяла власти регулировать взаимоотношения с обществом, корректируя объявлением высочайших милостей силу, с которой «натягивались» бразды правления. Сравнительные обозрения Всемилостивейших манифестов, подготовленные Канцелярией Комитета министров содержат обширную информацию справочного характера, дополняющую представления о различных аспектах внутренней политики российского правительства на протяжении XIX в.
The article illuminates the aspects of expanding the rights of the secondary school graduates in Europe in the second-half of the 19th century. Attention is paid to the formation of the legislative base of these educational institutions.Key words: educational reform, secondary schools, right of the graduates. ; Висвітлено аспекти розширення прав випускників реальних середніх шкіл у Європі в другій половині ХІХ ст. Звернено увагу на формування законодавчої бази діяльності таких навчальних закладів.Ключові слова: права випускників, реформи освіти, реальні середні школи.
The article investigates the issue of the theory and practice of the elementary education development in Great Britain of the 19th century. The article deals with the factors of elementary education development in Great Britain in the 19 th century. The article defines the different approaches in the denoting the term such as elementary education according to considered pre- requisites having influence on elementary education development in Great Britain during the 19 th century. The complex approach in the investigation of pre- requisites influenced on elementary education development in Great Britain during the 19 th century has been chosen.The article studies the group of factors influenced on the formation process of the idea of education, cultural and education evolution. Social and political factors of the elementary education development in Great Britain in the 19th century have been analyzed. Cultural and education factors of the elementary education development in Great Britain in the 19th century have been considered. Social and political, cultural and education factors have been analyzed in the article. it has been proved that groups of factors of elementary education development in Great Britain in the 19 th century are investigated separately in the publications of British and Western European scientists.The contribution of factors made for the formation process and elementary education development in Great Britain in the 19th century has been investigated. it has been concluded that the article studies elementary education considering social, public, political reforms, peculiarities of economical development, development of science, culture in the country influenced on the defining the elementary education ideals, curriculum, tasks, goals, teaching methods and ways in Great Britain during the 19 th century. ; Определены и проанализированы факторы становления элементарного образования в Великобритании ХІХ в. определено влияние факторов на процесс становления и развития элементарного образования в Великобритании ХІХ в.Ключевые слова: факторы; элементарное образование; развитие; становление; Великобритания. ; Визначено та проаналізовано фактори становлення елементарної освіти у Великій Британії ХІХ ст. Встановлено вплив факторів на процес становлення елементарної освіти у Великій Британії ХІХ ст.
The article investigates the issue of the theory and practice of the elementary education development in Great Britain of the 19th century. The article deals with the factors of elementary education development in Great Britain in the 19 th century. The article defines the different approaches in the denoting the term such as elementary education according to considered pre- requisites having influence on elementary education development in Great Britain during the 19 th century. The complex approach in the investigation of pre- requisites influenced on elementary education development in Great Britain during the 19 th century has been chosen.The article studies the group of factors influenced on the formation process of the idea of education, cultural and education evolution. Social and political factors of the elementary education development in Great Britain in the 19th century have been analyzed. Cultural and education factors of the elementary education development in Great Britain in the 19th century have been considered. Social and political, cultural and education factors have been analyzed in the article. it has been proved that groups of factors of elementary education development in Great Britain in the 19 th century are investigated separately in the publications of British and Western European scientists.The contribution of factors made for the formation process and elementary education development in Great Britain in the 19th century has been investigated. it has been concluded that the article studies elementary education considering social, public, political reforms, peculiarities of economical development, development of science, culture in the country influenced on the defining the elementary education ideals, curriculum, tasks, goals, teaching methods and ways in Great Britain during the 19 th century. ; Определены и проанализированы факторы становления элементарного образования в Великобритании ХІХ в. определено влияние факторов на процесс становления и развития элементарного образования в Великобритании ХІХ в.Ключевые слова: факторы; элементарное образование; развитие; становление; Великобритания. ; Визначено та проаналізовано фактори становлення елементарної освіти у Великій Британії ХІХ ст. Встановлено вплив факторів на процес становлення елементарної освіти у Великій Британії ХІХ ст.
.У статті проаналізовано публікації з головних проблем епохи реформ, що містилися на сторінках регіональної преси, яка у середині ХІХ ст. була підпорядкована Одеському цензурному комітету. Періодичній преси в цілому і пресі південного регіону, зокрема, притаманні два важливих атрибута масового джерела - типологізація відображених у ній суспільних явищ, і інформаційна насиченість, що робить можливим низку питань вирішити за допомогою контент-аналізу, якій є одним з важливих сучасних методів вивчення періодики. ; The article analyzes the materials of the regional press of the southern provinces of the Russian Empire, published in the middle of the 19th century under the control of the Odessa Censorship Committee. Reconstruction of historical processes has its own epistemological features; it implies the need to search for various qualitative and quantitative methods of researching sources. Periodicals in general and the press of the southern region in particular have two important attributes of a mass source – the typology of the social phenomena reflected in it, and information richness, which makes it possible to solve a number of issues of its study using content analysis. At present, this method is one of the leading in the studying of periodicals in foreign and domestic science. The purpose of the article is to identify the possibilities of content analysis to study the perception of the regional press of the preparation of reforms carried out by the government of the Russian Empire in the 60-70-s of the 19th century. Content analysis shows that during the preparation and implementation of socio-economic transformations in the Russian Empire, the regional press mainly formulated the platform of entrepreneurs of the South: the abolition of serfdom, the development of industrial production and transport, freedom of trade. At the same time, the periodicals of the region vigorously advocated the implementation of other reforms: they defended the idea of granting the rights of broad self-government at the local level, the implementation of judicial reform, reforms in the field of censorship, 146 etc. According to content analysis, government bills assessments that are found in periodicals in the southern region are relatively diverse. They range from unconditional approval to skeptical remarks. The diversity of information in periodicals is represented by a certain number of domestic political priorities determined by the political orientation of the editorial board. For the implementation of content analysis in this aspect, the following have been obtained: 1) a catalog of topical social problems presented for the press discussion; 2) a catalog of ideas about the methods and tendencies of public assessment of the reformatory activities of the government on the pages of the regional press. The catalog includes the values of the economic and social sphere. The Value Orientation Analysis Tool has combined a number of binary constructs. This research have been identified the organs of the press with a certain value orientation to the traditional and reformatory scales. Content analysis showed the catalogs of values in the regional press mostly coincide. The average correlation coefficient for publications on the reformatory scale is 0.56 and on the traditional scale is 0.21. Thus, content analysis makes it possible to more clearly present the specifics of the discussion on the pages of the regional press of reform projects proposed by the government of the Russian Empire in the era of reforms, to count the number of comments on government projects, as well as to identify the influence of publicity on the final document approved by emperor Alexander II. Substantially different, the content-qualitative analysis and formal-quantitative analysis of press materials do not exclude, but mutually complement each other, allowing compensating for the shortcomings in each of them, because they pursue the same goal – to obtain valid and reliable research results. Their organic combination is most effective
.У статті проаналізовано публікації з головних проблем епохи реформ, що містилися на сторінках регіональної преси, яка у середині ХІХ ст. була підпорядкована Одеському цензурному комітету. Періодичній преси в цілому і пресі південного регіону, зокрема, притаманні два важливих атрибута масового джерела - типологізація відображених у ній суспільних явищ, і інформаційна насиченість, що робить можливим низку питань вирішити за допомогою контент-аналізу, якій є одним з важливих сучасних методів вивчення періодики. ; The article analyzes the materials of the regional press of the southern provinces of the Russian Empire, published in the middle of the 19th century under the control of the Odessa Censorship Committee. Reconstruction of historical processes has its own epistemological features; it implies the need to search for various qualitative and quantitative methods of researching sources. Periodicals in general and the press of the southern region in particular have two important attributes of a mass source – the typology of the social phenomena reflected in it, and information richness, which makes it possible to solve a number of issues of its study using content analysis. At present, this method is one of the leading in the studying of periodicals in foreign and domestic science. The purpose of the article is to identify the possibilities of content analysis to study the perception of the regional press of the preparation of reforms carried out by the government of the Russian Empire in the 60-70-s of the 19th century. Content analysis shows that during the preparation and implementation of socio-economic transformations in the Russian Empire, the regional press mainly formulated the platform of entrepreneurs of the South: the abolition of serfdom, the development of industrial production and transport, freedom of trade. At the same time, the periodicals of the region vigorously advocated the implementation of other reforms: they defended the idea of granting the rights of broad self-government at the local level, the implementation of judicial reform, reforms in the field of censorship, 146 etc. According to content analysis, government bills assessments that are found in periodicals in the southern region are relatively diverse. They range from unconditional approval to skeptical remarks. The diversity of information in periodicals is represented by a certain number of domestic political priorities determined by the political orientation of the editorial board. For the implementation of content analysis in this aspect, the following have been obtained: 1) a catalog of topical social problems presented for the press discussion; 2) a catalog of ideas about the methods and tendencies of public assessment of the reformatory activities of the government on the pages of the regional press. The catalog includes the values of the economic and social sphere. The Value Orientation Analysis Tool has combined a number of binary constructs. This research have been identified the organs of the press with a certain value orientation to the traditional and reformatory scales. Content analysis showed the catalogs of values in the regional press mostly coincide. The average correlation coefficient for publications on the reformatory scale is 0.56 and on the traditional scale is 0.21. Thus, content analysis makes it possible to more clearly present the specifics of the discussion on the pages of the regional press of reform projects proposed by the government of the Russian Empire in the era of reforms, to count the number of comments on government projects, as well as to identify the influence of publicity on the final document approved by emperor Alexander II. Substantially different, the content-qualitative analysis and formal-quantitative analysis of press materials do not exclude, but mutually complement each other, allowing compensating for the shortcomings in each of them, because they pursue the same goal – to obtain valid and reliable research results. Their organic combination is most effective
