RESUMEN: En este trabajo analizaremos como pregunta de base la de si los animales tienen o deben tener derechos análogos a los de los seres humanos. A favor de los animales y el reconocimiento de sus derechos se posiciona la ciencia, que les reconoce la cualidad de sensibilidad igual que la que poseemos los seres humanos. Asimismo, los países occidentales plasman ese reconocimiento en sus legislaciones atribuyendo a los animales la calificación de "seres sensibles". Pero en el caso de la legislación española, ésta no se ha podido adecuar a los nuevos tiempos y materializar esa reforma mediante la Proposición de Ley de 13 de octubre-por la que se les dejaría de considerar cosas y pasarían a ser considerados seres sensibles en el ámbito civil- ya que dicha reforma quedó interrumpida. También veremos otras facetas sociales en las que los animales han sido empleados. Y, por último abordaremos el tema tan actual de la pandemia originada por el virus covid-19, que se cree es de origen animal, y las posibles soluciones a estos acontecimientos y usos perjudiciales de los animales en una sociedad cada vez más concienciada con el bienestar animal. ; ABSTRACT: In this work we will analyze as a basic question whether animals have or should have rights similar to those of human beings. In favor of animals and the recognition of their rights, science is positioned, which recognizes the quality of sensitivity equal to that of human beings. Likewise, occidental countries embody this recognition in their legislation, attributing to animals the qualification of "sentient beings". But in the case of Spanish legislation, it has not been able to adapt to the new times and materialize this reform through the Proposition of Law of October 13, which would stop them from considering things and would become considered sentient beings in the civil sphere - since said reform was interrupted. We will also look at other social facets in which animals have been employed. And, finally, we will address the current issue of the pandemic caused by the covid-19 virus, which is believed to be of animal origin, and the possible solutions to these events and harmful uses of animals in a society that is increasingly aware of animal welfare. ; Máster en Acceso a la Profesión de Abogado
Madrid, por Francisco García Arroyo, 1646. ; Citation confidence: An exemplar has been referenced in a major analytical bibliography, or inspected book in hand, by a member of the Iberian Books project team or a collaborating institution. ; Citation/reference: IB: 20300
O lançamento da primeira edição da Aturá Revista Pan-Amazônica de Comunicação, que temos a enorme satisfação de colocar à disposição de toda a comunidade acadêmica amazônica, e brasileira, é muito mais do que a conclusão de um longo processo de aproximações e contatos entre diferentes pesquisadores e instituições universitárias da região Norte. É o princípio de um desafio que esperamos que, uma vez lançado, possa envolver estudantes, professores, pesquisadores e todos aqueles interessados pelo campo da Comunicação, assim como das grandes áreas das Ciências Sociais, Humanidades, e áreas tradicionalmente mais próximas às Ciências Exatas e à Tecnologia, mas com interesse na Comunicação, em toda a Amazônia.
A primeira indicação, esta também um desafio, da articulação que acreditamos ser necessariamente na nossa região e, esperamos, será cada vez mais profícua, é o compartilhamento da responsabilidade de professores pesquisadores de duas universidades da região Norte pelo funcionamento da revista. A Aturá Revista Pan-Amazônica de Comunicação, assim, é uma publicação conjunta entre o Núcleo de Pesquisa e Extensão Observatório de Pesquisas Aplicadas ao Jornalismo e ao Ensino (OPAJE-UFT), da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, e o Departamento de Jornalismo, Dejor, da Universidade Federal de Rondônia, em seu campus na cidade de Vilhena.
Gerontologia kreatywna - dział gerontologii społecznej postulowany przez Anitę Stefańską i Martę Szabelską-Holeksę (2013, s. 155-165). Docelowo subdyscyplina ta ma zajmować się problematyką twórczości i kreatywności osób starszych. Gerontologia kreatywna jest przede wszystkim związana z psychologią twórczości, a szczególnie z akmeologią kreatywną, czyli psychologią osobowości twórczej człowieka. Gerontologia kreatywna z jednej strony korzysta z wiedzy pochodzącej z geriatrii, gerontopsychologii, gerontologii eksperymentalnej, gerontosocjologii i geragogiki. Z drugiej strony zaś podstawy gerontologii kreatywnej osadzone są w działach akmeologii kreatywnej, w szczególności w: historii akmeologii kreatywnej, akmeologii kreatywnej działalności zawodowej, akmeologii kreatywnej osobowości, eksperymentalnej akmeologii kreatywnej oraz stosowanej akmeologii kreatywnej (Wiszniakowa, 2003, Szarota, 2004). Konceptualizacja teorii gerontologii kreatywnej jest próbą zastosowania teorii istniejących już na gruncie psychologii i gerontologii. Gerontologia kreatywna jako nauka multidyscyplinarna ma także korzystać z dorobku socjologii, filozofii, medycyny, biologii, ekonomii, demografii, antropologii społecznej i kultury, pedagogiki społecznej, kultur i twórczości oraz nauk o kulturze i sztuce.
Age integration - a term used in social gerontology in at least two senses. In a narrow perspective - adopted mainly in English-language literature - age integration refers to such a structure of social roles in various institutions that allows for differences, but they do not depend strictly on the age structure, i.e. whether someone is a middle-aged adult or in an older age (Phillips et al., 2010). This is particularly about educational, economic, political, religious and leisure institutions in which people from different age groups and generations play different roles and occupy different positions. Age integration is based on the assumption that access to the institution, the possibility of exiting it and access to products (called outputs); services implemented in reality and benefits and outcomes paid out; the effects of implemented services and services, eg reduction of poverty, improvement of health, activities of these institutions is equal for all regardless of age.
Financial gerontology can be defined as investigating relations between finances and aging. Authors such as Neal E. Cutler, Kouhei Komamura, Davis W. Gregg, Shinya Kajitani, Kei Sakata, and Colin McKenzie (Kajitani et al. 2017) affirm that financial literacy is an effect of aging with concern about the issue of finances, as well as stating that it is the effect of longevity and aging on economies or the financial resilience of older people.
Background Rare cancers account for 20–24% of all cancer diagnoses in Europe and have been recently recognized as a public health issue due to the lower survival compared to common cancers. However, the evidence about the cost-effectiveness of interventions for rare cancers remains unclear. The aim of this study was to review economic evaluation studies of these interventions, assess their quality, and provide policy-makers with summary estimates about the value-for-money of these interventions. Methods We systematically searched Medline, EMBASE and governmental reimbursement agencies by following the PRISMA guidance and selected economic evaluations of healthcare interventions for rare cancers based on predefined criteria. A template was developed to extract study and patient characteristics as well as reported outcomes and costs. The CHEERS checklist was used to assess the quality of the studies and costs were inflated to 2016 prices and converted to British Pound. A random effects meta-analysis, using study quality scores as weights, was performed to pool outcomes and costs and to explore differences between types of rare cancer and study origin. Results Out of 1991 screened studies, 32 economic evaluations of interventions for sarcoma, malignant pleural mesothelioma and thyroid carcinoma were selected. Almost all of them evaluated drug treatment and surgeries (n = 30; 94%) and were originated from North America (n = 8; 49%) and Europe (n = 7; 43%). Half of these studies were NICE reports and their results ranged from £20300 to £59000 per quality adjusted life year (QALY). The 16 published studies were assessed to be of mediocre quality, particularly in describing the assumptions underpinning decision-analytic models and the methods used to handle uncertainty or population heterogeneity. The meta-analysis of their results showed that the pooled incremental cost of these interventions was £3410 (95% CI £821–£7,642) per patient per year. In term of outcomes, the pooled incremental QALY was 0·20 (95% CI ...
Älteren Menschen wird es zunächst einmal so gehen wie allen Menschen, egal welchen Alters. Besorgt, verängstigt, gelähmt, niedergeschlagen - aber sie werden dann doch wieder mit Lebensmut und Hoffnung versuchen, mit der Situation umzugehen. Im Übrigen gibt es "die Alten" gar nicht: Das Alter ist bunt, und wir müssen uns hüten, verallgemeinernd über ältere Menschen zu sprechen. Schauen Sie sich doch einmal die zweite Lebenshälfte an, die wir hier am Deutschen Zentrum für Altersfragen untersuchen. Die zweite Lebenshälfte, das ist die Lebensphase, in der Menschen realisieren, dass ihre Lebenszeit endlich ist und dass sie allmählich älter werden. Die 40-Jährigen sorgen sich um ihren Arbeitsplatz und müssen zugleich ihre Kinder beschulen. Die 60-Jährigen würden gerne ihre Enkel unterstützen und freiwillig aktiv sein, können das aber zurzeit nicht. Den 80-Jährigen wird täglich gesagt, dass sie zur absoluten Risikogruppe gehören. Möglicherweise gehen sie deswegen gar nicht mehr aus dem Haus. Dazu kommen aber noch die großen Unterschiede in Einkommen und Vermögen: Wer Geld hat, lässt sich Dinge einfach über private Dienste liefern - auch Klopapier und auch wenn die allgemeinen Lieferdienste ausgebucht sind.
Measurement of ability or inability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) is important to in describing the functional status of a person and then implementing an intervention. Evaluations of ADLs are mainly used in nursing and in rehabilitation of people with disabilities and the elderly. Measuring ability to perform ADLs is crucial for the management of healthcare in aging societies. It is important to understand differences between categories of ADLs and challenges in their evaluation that are connected to the roles of family members.
Activities of daily living are usually defined as skills needed in typical daily self-care. Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) are more complex skills beyond basic self-care, and their measurement evaluates how individuals function in their homes, workplaces, and outdoor environments. The skills that pertain to IADLs are exposed to dysfunctions resulting from aging or illness. Reductions in those skills may begin to cause problems with independence but these problems can be solved with the help of others - for example, family members, social workers, and nurses.
The term "creative aging," in the broadest sense, describes an aging policy idea that focuses on highlighting the creativity of older adults in order to prepare individuals and communities to manage old age. Programs focus on the evolution of creativity over the lifespan and aim to provide meaningful participatory engagement, especially through the arts.