Suchergebnisse

Aim of the study: To collect and analyse data obtained from HCV opinion leaders/experts from central European countries, on factors which can affect the WHO target of HCV elimination by 2030. Material and methods: Data were collected from opinion leaders/experts involved in management of HCV infections in Central European countries which participated in 9th Conference of the Central European Hepatologic Collaboration (Warsaw, 10-11 October 2019). A dedicated questionnaire collected current information related to HCV elimination in Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Slovakia. Results: The HCV prevalence rate in particular countries varied from 0.2% to 1.7%. In most central European countries all the HCV infected population is eligible for reimbursement of treatment. However, in some countries there are still some limitations related to the stage of the disease and people who inject drugs. All countries have access to at least one pangenotypic regimen. The most common barrier to HCV elimination in all countries is insufficient political will to establish priority for HCV. None of the reporting countries has established a national screening programme. Conclusions: Access to therapy for HCV is similar and the majority of patients in Central Europe can be treated according to the current guidelines. Unfortunately there are still some limitations and a lack of political will to implement national screening programmes. According to collected data HCV elimination will not be possible in the region by 2030.

Aim of the study: To collect and analyse data obtained from HCV opinion leaders/experts from central European countries, on factors which can affect the WHO target of HCV elimination by 2030. Material and methods: Data were collected from opinion leaders/experts involved in management of HCV infections in Central European countries which participated in 9th Conference of the Central European Hepatologic Collaboration (Warsaw, 10-11 October 2019). A dedicated questionnaire collected current information related to HCV elimination in Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Slovakia. Results: The HCV prevalence rate in particular countries varied from 0.2% to 1.7%. In most central European countries all the HCV infected population is eligible for reimbursement of treatment. However, in some countries there are still some limitations related to the stage of the disease and people who inject drugs. All countries have access to at least one pangenotypic regimen. The most common barrier to HCV elimination in all countries is insufficient political will to establish priority for HCV. None of the reporting countries has established a national screening programme. Conclusions: Access to therapy for HCV is similar and the majority of patients in Central Europe can be treated according to the current guidelines. Unfortunately there are still some limitations and a lack of political will to implement national screening programmes. According to collected data HCV elimination will not be possible in the region by 2030.

The twentieth century is an era of pervasive turmoil. There were two cataclysmic full-scale wars and many wars and conflicts of lesser importance in all parts of the world. The term crisis is among the most widely used verbal symbols of turmoil in politics among nations. Scholars and journalists, too, often write about such things as incidents, disputes, riots, and rebellions etc. as crisis. In short, crisis is a pervasive term to describe dis ruption and disorder in the global arena. Many political scientists have been researching this phenomenon of international system but there is still a need for new researches and analysis of crisis in world politics. New technological tools and data-sets enable further development of analytical aspects of crisis theory: eruption of conflictual situations, context and reasons of crisis escalation and de-escalation, decision making process etc. The main reason impelled to write this article is the lack of integral theory on crisis issues. That is why the main objective of this study is to make a quantitative and comparative research of the crisis in the 20th century in order to highlight the main influential factors of this process in different time and space dimensions. A quantitative and comparative analysis in this article was performed using International Crisis Behavior (ICB) data-set of international crisis (by the SPSS 12.0 package). The results of the research confirm the presumption that the analysis of different "levels" provides different outcomes.[.].

The twentieth century is an era of pervasive turmoil. There were two cataclysmic full-scale wars and many wars and conflicts of lesser importance in all parts of the world. The term crisis is among the most widely used verbal symbols of turmoil in politics among nations. Scholars and journalists, too, often write about such things as incidents, disputes, riots, and rebellions etc. as crisis. In short, crisis is a pervasive term to describe dis ruption and disorder in the global arena. Many political scientists have been researching this phenomenon of international system but there is still a need for new researches and analysis of crisis in world politics. New technological tools and data-sets enable further development of analytical aspects of crisis theory: eruption of conflictual situations, context and reasons of crisis escalation and de-escalation, decision making process etc. The main reason impelled to write this article is the lack of integral theory on crisis issues. That is why the main objective of this study is to make a quantitative and comparative research of the crisis in the 20th century in order to highlight the main influential factors of this process in different time and space dimensions. A quantitative and comparative analysis in this article was performed using International Crisis Behavior (ICB) data-set of international crisis (by the SPSS 12.0 package). The results of the research confirm the presumption that the analysis of different "levels" provides different outcomes.[.].

The twentieth century is an era of pervasive turmoil. There were two cataclysmic full-scale wars and many wars and conflicts of lesser importance in all parts of the world. The term crisis is among the most widely used verbal symbols of turmoil in politics among nations. Scholars and journalists, too, often write about such things as incidents, disputes, riots, and rebellions etc. as crisis. In short, crisis is a pervasive term to describe dis ruption and disorder in the global arena. Many political scientists have been researching this phenomenon of international system but there is still a need for new researches and analysis of crisis in world politics. New technological tools and data-sets enable further development of analytical aspects of crisis theory: eruption of conflictual situations, context and reasons of crisis escalation and de-escalation, decision making process etc. The main reason impelled to write this article is the lack of integral theory on crisis issues. That is why the main objective of this study is to make a quantitative and comparative research of the crisis in the 20th century in order to highlight the main influential factors of this process in different time and space dimensions. A quantitative and comparative analysis in this article was performed using International Crisis Behavior (ICB) data-set of international crisis (by the SPSS 12.0 package). The results of the research confirm the presumption that the analysis of different "levels" provides different outcomes.[.].

USAGE AND PROTECTION OF THE ROADS OF CHRIST'S SUFFERINGS IN THE XX CENTURY – THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY The attention and interest of the Lithuanian Catholic Church and the Government towards these sacred places encouraged to review their past and present (Inter-war, Soviet period, Independence of Lithuania) and to find out how the usage and protection of these sacred complexes in Vilnius and Žemaičių Kalvarija varied in the above mentioned periods. This enables us to see the aspects of the popularity, destruction, rebuilding and decline of these sacred places and makes us reflect on the spiritual, cultural, heritage protection situation of the Roads of Christ' Sufferings in the past and to evaluate it in the recent context. The object of the research is the first Lithuanian Roads of Christ's Sufferings in Žemaičių Kalvarija and Vilnius Verkiai, representing different regions, localities, architecture, traditions and the Dominican type of the Road; the usage and protection of the sacred complexes and the Roads of Christ's Sufferings during the Inter-war, Soviet period and Independence marking the main differences and peculiarities of these sacred places. Particular attention is paid to Trinapolis ensemble which is situated in the area of Vilnius Kalvarijos and is its concurrent, though it does not belong to the Road of Christ' Sufferings. The objective of the research is to consider the aspects of the protection of the material and immaterial heritage of Vilnius Kalvarijos and Žemaičių Kalvarija (the places that were included in the project of the pilgrim tour of the Pope John Paul II) during the Inter-war, Soviet period and Independence. The main tasks: 1) to reveal the reasons why the tradition of the Roads of Christ' Sufferings were established and their typology; 2) to analyze the peculiarities, differences and changes of the objects during the period of the research; 3) to introduce the usage and attendance of the mentioned chapels and the Roads of Christ' Sufferings; 4) to reveal the methods that were used to protect the sacred objects and the tradition of the Roads of Christ' Sufferings during the period of the research.

USAGE AND PROTECTION OF THE ROADS OF CHRIST'S SUFFERINGS IN THE XX CENTURY – THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY The attention and interest of the Lithuanian Catholic Church and the Government towards these sacred places encouraged to review their past and present (Inter-war, Soviet period, Independence of Lithuania) and to find out how the usage and protection of these sacred complexes in Vilnius and Žemaičių Kalvarija varied in the above mentioned periods. This enables us to see the aspects of the popularity, destruction, rebuilding and decline of these sacred places and makes us reflect on the spiritual, cultural, heritage protection situation of the Roads of Christ' Sufferings in the past and to evaluate it in the recent context. The object of the research is the first Lithuanian Roads of Christ's Sufferings in Žemaičių Kalvarija and Vilnius Verkiai, representing different regions, localities, architecture, traditions and the Dominican type of the Road; the usage and protection of the sacred complexes and the Roads of Christ's Sufferings during the Inter-war, Soviet period and Independence marking the main differences and peculiarities of these sacred places. Particular attention is paid to Trinapolis ensemble which is situated in the area of Vilnius Kalvarijos and is its concurrent, though it does not belong to the Road of Christ' Sufferings. The objective of the research is to consider the aspects of the protection of the material and immaterial heritage of Vilnius Kalvarijos and Žemaičių Kalvarija (the places that were included in the project of the pilgrim tour of the Pope John Paul II) during the Inter-war, Soviet period and Independence. The main tasks: 1) to reveal the reasons why the tradition of the Roads of Christ' Sufferings were established and their typology; 2) to analyze the peculiarities, differences and changes of the objects during the period of the research; 3) to introduce the usage and attendance of the mentioned chapels and the Roads of Christ' Sufferings; 4) to reveal the methods that were used to protect the sacred objects and the tradition of the Roads of Christ' Sufferings during the period of the research.

Sources on our most ancient history are scattered historians neighbouring countries one and the same things name different names. Briefly written down facts can on a miscellaneous speaks and sometimes records contradict the friend another a lot of mess in history of balts tribes have brought the jatviagians B the name in Russian and Polish chronicles is mentioned describing military campaigns of princes in this countries aspiring to enslave jatviagians, to force them to pay, to make their submitted. From the beginning of XIX century to historians and researchers of historical geography who again was necessary to find out these jatviagians where they lived. Linguists have established that jatviagians were group of the Baltic tribes, that their language is close to Prussian language. Therefore they belong to western balts. But admits, that their language родственнен to the Lithuanian language Only after there were works of historians, St.Zajaczkowskio, A. Kaminskio, V. Pasutos archeologists E.Antoniewicziaus, J.Jaskanio, M.Kaczynskio, J.Okulicziaus, V.Sedovo linguists K.BugosV.Maziulio, J.Nalepos and others, it was accepted jatviagians to divide into 4 groups:jotvingiai, dainaviai, polekėnai and sūduviai. In the work I have shown a cut societies jatviagians, their attitudes with neighbours Lithuanians, Russian, Poles and crusaders The chosen period XIII very narrow in historical scale. Its choice was defined with quantity of written sources. Also the important place in my work is borrowed jatviagians with territory, scientific dispute between A. Tautaviciaus and V.Sedovo. Other purpose which I put before myself, it is the further jatviagians destiny Though chronicles consider 1383 the end of their history, but it raises the doubts. Where they send away. Why some chronicles mention them till XVI century. On such questions I searched for answers.

Sources on our most ancient history are scattered historians neighbouring countries one and the same things name different names. Briefly written down facts can on a miscellaneous speaks and sometimes records contradict the friend another a lot of mess in history of balts tribes have brought the jatviagians B the name in Russian and Polish chronicles is mentioned describing military campaigns of princes in this countries aspiring to enslave jatviagians, to force them to pay, to make their submitted. From the beginning of XIX century to historians and researchers of historical geography who again was necessary to find out these jatviagians where they lived. Linguists have established that jatviagians were group of the Baltic tribes, that their language is close to Prussian language. Therefore they belong to western balts. But admits, that their language родственнен to the Lithuanian language Only after there were works of historians, St.Zajaczkowskio, A. Kaminskio, V. Pasutos archeologists E.Antoniewicziaus, J.Jaskanio, M.Kaczynskio, J.Okulicziaus, V.Sedovo linguists K.BugosV.Maziulio, J.Nalepos and others, it was accepted jatviagians to divide into 4 groups:jotvingiai, dainaviai, polekėnai and sūduviai. In the work I have shown a cut societies jatviagians, their attitudes with neighbours Lithuanians, Russian, Poles and crusaders The chosen period XIII very narrow in historical scale. Its choice was defined with quantity of written sources. Also the important place in my work is borrowed jatviagians with territory, scientific dispute between A. Tautaviciaus and V.Sedovo. Other purpose which I put before myself, it is the further jatviagians destiny Though chronicles consider 1383 the end of their history, but it raises the doubts. Where they send away. Why some chronicles mention them till XVI century. On such questions I searched for answers.

Sources on our most ancient history are scattered historians neighbouring countries one and the same things name different names. Briefly written down facts can on a miscellaneous speaks and sometimes records contradict the friend another a lot of mess in history of balts tribes have brought the jatviagians B the name in Russian and Polish chronicles is mentioned describing military campaigns of princes in this countries aspiring to enslave jatviagians, to force them to pay, to make their submitted. From the beginning of XIX century to historians and researchers of historical geography who again was necessary to find out these jatviagians where they lived. Linguists have established that jatviagians were group of the Baltic tribes, that their language is close to Prussian language. Therefore they belong to western balts. But admits, that their language родственнен to the Lithuanian language Only after there were works of historians, St.Zajaczkowskio, A. Kaminskio, V. Pasutos archeologists E.Antoniewicziaus, J.Jaskanio, M.Kaczynskio, J.Okulicziaus, V.Sedovo linguists K.BugosV.Maziulio, J.Nalepos and others, it was accepted jatviagians to divide into 4 groups:jotvingiai, dainaviai, polekėnai and sūduviai. In the work I have shown a cut societies jatviagians, their attitudes with neighbours Lithuanians, Russian, Poles and crusaders The chosen period XIII very narrow in historical scale. Its choice was defined with quantity of written sources. Also the important place in my work is borrowed jatviagians with territory, scientific dispute between A. Tautaviciaus and V.Sedovo. Other purpose which I put before myself, it is the further jatviagians destiny Though chronicles consider 1383 the end of their history, but it raises the doubts. Where they send away. Why some chronicles mention them till XVI century. On such questions I searched for answers.

Sources on our most ancient history are scattered historians neighbouring countries one and the same things name different names. Briefly written down facts can on a miscellaneous speaks and sometimes records contradict the friend another a lot of mess in history of balts tribes have brought the jatviagians B the name in Russian and Polish chronicles is mentioned describing military campaigns of princes in this countries aspiring to enslave jatviagians, to force them to pay, to make their submitted. From the beginning of XIX century to historians and researchers of historical geography who again was necessary to find out these jatviagians where they lived. Linguists have established that jatviagians were group of the Baltic tribes, that their language is close to Prussian language. Therefore they belong to western balts. But admits, that their language родственнен to the Lithuanian language Only after there were works of historians, St.Zajaczkowskio, A. Kaminskio, V. Pasutos archeologists E.Antoniewicziaus, J.Jaskanio, M.Kaczynskio, J.Okulicziaus, V.Sedovo linguists K.BugosV.Maziulio, J.Nalepos and others, it was accepted jatviagians to divide into 4 groups:jotvingiai, dainaviai, polekėnai and sūduviai. In the work I have shown a cut societies jatviagians, their attitudes with neighbours Lithuanians, Russian, Poles and crusaders The chosen period XIII very narrow in historical scale. Its choice was defined with quantity of written sources. Also the important place in my work is borrowed jatviagians with territory, scientific dispute between A. Tautaviciaus and V.Sedovo. Other purpose which I put before myself, it is the further jatviagians destiny Though chronicles consider 1383 the end of their history, but it raises the doubts. Where they send away. Why some chronicles mention them till XVI century. On such questions I searched for answers.

The aim of the dissertation is to prove that the contemporary neglect of Schmitt's early work "Political Romanticism" (1919) is an erroneous position adopted by the majority of contemporary scholars. Without paying enough attention to the study of political romanticism, we can not understand the systematic nature of Schmitt's researches during the years 1919-1927. By focusing on the arguments put forward in "Political Romanticism" we can achieve a new understanding of Schmitt's political philosophy. A detailed analysis of Schmitt's conception of political romanticism shows that "Political Romanticism" has to be seen as a starting point of his systematic intellectual enterprise. The research shows that "Political Romanticism" is the source of many of the most important conceptions of Schmitt's political philosophy. The idea about the close relationship of theological and political concepts was already formulated in this work in 1919. It was explicated in more detail in the following studies. Research has shown that Schmitt's conception of political theology should be understood as a philosophical depolyment of theological arguments. Political romanticism, political theology and the concept of the political are united by Schmitt's unorthodox Catholic perspective. Some inner incosistencies of Schmitt's conception of political romanticism are revealed in the dissertation.

The aim of the dissertation is to prove that the contemporary neglect of Schmitt's early work "Political Romanticism" (1919) is an erroneous position adopted by the majority of contemporary scholars. Without paying enough attention to the study of political romanticism, we can not understand the systematic nature of Schmitt's researches during the years 1919-1927. By focusing on the arguments put forward in "Political Romanticism" we can achieve a new understanding of Schmitt's political philosophy. A detailed analysis of Schmitt's conception of political romanticism shows that "Political Romanticism" has to be seen as a starting point of his systematic intellectual enterprise. The research shows that "Political Romanticism" is the source of many of the most important conceptions of Schmitt's political philosophy. The idea about the close relationship of theological and political concepts was already formulated in this work in 1919. It was explicated in more detail in the following studies. Research has shown that Schmitt's conception of political theology should be understood as a philosophical depolyment of theological arguments. Political romanticism, political theology and the concept of the political are united by Schmitt's unorthodox Catholic perspective. Some inner incosistencies of Schmitt's conception of political romanticism are revealed in the dissertation.

The aim of the dissertation is to prove that the contemporary neglect of Schmitt's early work "Political Romanticism" (1919) is an erroneous position adopted by the majority of contemporary scholars. Without paying enough attention to the study of political romanticism, we can not understand the systematic nature of Schmitt's researches during the years 1919-1927. By focusing on the arguments put forward in "Political Romanticism" we can achieve a new understanding of Schmitt's political philosophy. A detailed analysis of Schmitt's conception of political romanticism shows that "Political Romanticism" has to be seen as a starting point of his systematic intellectual enterprise. The research shows that "Political Romanticism" is the source of many of the most important conceptions of Schmitt's political philosophy. The idea about the close relationship of theological and political concepts was already formulated in this work in 1919. It was explicated in more detail in the following studies. Research has shown that Schmitt's conception of political theology should be understood as a philosophical depolyment of theological arguments. Political romanticism, political theology and the concept of the political are united by Schmitt's unorthodox Catholic perspective. Some inner incosistencies of Schmitt's conception of political romanticism are revealed in the dissertation.

The aim of the dissertation is to prove that the contemporary neglect of Schmitt's early work "Political Romanticism" (1919) is an erroneous position adopted by the majority of contemporary scholars. Without paying enough attention to the study of political romanticism, we can not understand the systematic nature of Schmitt's researches during the years 1919-1927. By focusing on the arguments put forward in "Political Romanticism" we can achieve a new understanding of Schmitt's political philosophy. A detailed analysis of Schmitt's conception of political romanticism shows that "Political Romanticism" has to be seen as a starting point of his systematic intellectual enterprise. The research shows that "Political Romanticism" is the source of many of the most important conceptions of Schmitt's political philosophy. The idea about the close relationship of theological and political concepts was already formulated in this work in 1919. It was explicated in more detail in the following studies. Research has shown that Schmitt's conception of political theology should be understood as a philosophical depolyment of theological arguments. Political romanticism, political theology and the concept of the political are united by Schmitt's unorthodox Catholic perspective. Some inner incosistencies of Schmitt's conception of political romanticism are revealed in the dissertation.