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The Communist aim of proletarian hegemony in the Chinese revolution was given concrete expression through the Canton Commune—reflected in the policies and strategies that led to the uprising, in the makeup and program of the Soviet setup in Canton, and in the subsequent assessment of the revolt by the Comintern and the Chinese Communist Party. "Proletarian Hegemony" in the Chinese Revolution and the Canton Commune of 1927 describes these developments and, with the further ideological treatment given the Commune serving as a backdrop, will then examine the continuing evolution and ultimate transformation of the proletarian line and the concept of proletarian leadership in the post-1927 history of Chinese Communism. [3]

Kurihara Sadako was born in Hiroshima in 1913, and she was there on August 6, 1945. Already a poet before she experienced the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, she used her poetic talents to describe the blast and its aftermath. In 1946, despite the censorship of the American Occupation, she published Kuroi tamago (Black Eggs), poems from before, during, and immediately after the war. This volume includes a translation of Kuroi tamago from the complete edition of 1983. But August 6, 1945, was not the end point of Kurihara's journey. In the years after Kuroi tamago she has broadened her focus—to Japan as a victimizer rather than victim, to the threat of nuclear war, to antiwar movements around the world, and to inhumanity in its many guises. She treats events in Japan such as politics in Hiroshima, Tokyo's long-term complicity in American policies, and the decision in 1992 to send Japanese troops on U.N. peacekeeping operations. But she also deals with the Vietnam War, Three Mile Island, Kwangju, Greenham Common, and Tiananmen Square. This volume includes a large selection of these later poems. Kurihara sets us all at ground zero, strips us down to our basic humanity, and shows us the world both as it is and as it could be. Her poems are by turns sorrowful and sarcastic, tender and tough. Several of them are famous in Japan today, but even there, few people appreciate the full force and range of her poetry. And few poets in any country—indeed, few artists of any kind—have displayed comparable dedication, consistency, and insight.

Introduction: The role of ideas and interests in Turkish foreign policy -- 1. State identity and foreign policy: the impact of ideas and power -- 2. The three paths of Turkish nationalism and Kemalist state identity -- 3. Turkish foreign policy analysis -- 4. The annexation of Hatay: exception or harbinger of future policy? -- 5. Turkey's national cause: Cyprus in Turkish foreign policy -- 6. The Karabagh issue and the emergence of the Turkic world.

Reactionary Islam: the Menemen Incident (1930) -- Turkish Islam: the reform of Turkish Ezan (1932-33) -- Turkish Islam contested: the Ezan debate and secularism (1950) -- Reactionary Islam as violent threat: the Malatya Incident (1952) -- Reactionary Islam as creeping threat: Said Nursi and his disciples (1959-60) -- Turkish Islam reappropriated: Alevism in alliance with Kemalism (1966) -- Conclusion.

Chapter 1: The Submarine in Six Naval Reviews -- Chapter 2: The Submarine 1900-1914 -- Chapter 3: The Effect of Unrestricted Submarine Warfare 1915-1935 -- Chapter 4: The Submarine 1935-1965 -- Chapter 5: The Age of the Nuclear Submarine -- Chapter 6: The Submarine in Film and Fiction.

Introduction -- Chapter 1: Persia, the International Environment, and the German Economic Approach -- Chapter 2: German Foreign Policy Towards Persia -- Chapter 3: German Foreign and Economic Relations in Persia: Their Evolution and the Role of the National Bank -- Chapter 4: Challenges for German Foreign Policy towards Persia and the National Bank -- Chapter 5: The National Bank Controversy and the End of the Taimurtash Era -- Chapter 6: The Lindenblatt Affair and the National Bank -- Chapter 7: Germany's Political Relations Advance Economic Influence in Persia -- Chapter 8: Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index.

1. Introduction -- 2. The Turkish military in politics -- 3. Between Kemalism and third word developmentalism: Dog̈an Avcioğlu -- 4. Revolution through the narrow door -- 5. The workers' party of Turkey: the long road to socialism -- 6. The national democratic revolutionaries and their attitudes towards the army -- 7. The voice of the TKP from abroad -- The Kivilcimli movement in search of the Turkish past for a revolutionary warrior culture -- 9. Conclusion.

Reconstructing Parenthood. Motherhood in fragments : the disaggregation of biology and care / Laurel Swerdlow and Wendy Chavkin -- Constructions of gay men's reproductive desires on commercial surrogacy clinic websites / Damien W. Riggs and Clemence Due -- Global Babies : Who Benefits?. Transnational surrogacy and the earthquake in Nepal : a case study from Israel / Carmel Shalev, Hedva Eyal, and Etti Samama -- Recruiting to give birth : agent-facilitators and the commercial surrogacy arrangement in India / Sarojini Nadimpally and Anindita Majumdar -- Gestational surrogacy : how safe? / Diane Beeson and Abby Lippman -- The fertility continuum : racism, bio-capitalism and post-colonialism in the transnational surrogacy industry / France Winddance Twine -- Networks of reproduction : politics and practices surrounding surrogacy in Romania / Enikio Demény -- Surrogacy arrangements in austerity Greece : policy considerations in a permissive regime / Konstantina Davaki -- What About the Children?. What are children's 'best interests' in international surrogacy? : a social work perspective from the UK / Marilyn Crawshaw, Patricia Fronek, Eric Blyth and Andy Elvin -- What about the children? : Citizenship, nationality and the perils of statelessness / Marsha Tyson Darling -- Transnational third-party assisted conception : pursuing the desire for 'origins' information in the internet era / Deborah Dempsey and Fiona Kelly -- Feminist Responses Around the World. Frequently unasked questions : understanding and responding to gaps in public knowledge of international surrogacy practices worldwide / Ayesha Chatterjee and Sally Whelan (Our Bodies Ourselves) -- Surrogate motherhood : ethical or commercial? / The Centre for Social Research -- Surrogacy in Mexico / Isabel Fulda and Regina Tamés (GIRE) -- A reproductive justice analysis of genetic technologies : report of a national convening of women of colour and Indigenous women / Generations ahead -- I donated my eggs and I wouldn't do it again / Ari Laurel -- Swedish feminists against surrogacy / Kajsa Ekis Ekman, Linn Hellerström and the Swedish Women's Lobby -- Looking Ahead. Mapping feminist views on commercial surrogacy / Emma Maniere -- Transnational commercial surrrogacy in India : to ban or not to ban / Amrita Pande -- Governing transnational surrogacy practices : what role can national and international regulation play? / Sonia Allan.

Introduction -- Chapter 1: The Historiography of Afghanistan in the Defence of India -- Chapter 2: The Problem of Herat -- Chapter 3: Events in Russian Central Asia and their Relevance to Afghanistan -- Chapter 4: The Dane Mission -- Chapter 5: British Strategic Considerations 1903-1905 -- Chapter 6: British Strategic Planning 1906-1908 -- Chapter 7: A Diplomatic Defence of India -- Conclusion.

Introduction -- The "missing link": the role of chambers of industry and commerce for entrepreneurial self-perception in the immediate post-war period -- Ways of redemption: public relations, the IHG and the DII -- The new "entrepreneur" -- "Americanization" leadership recruitment and training -- Bürgerlichkeit: culture and honour, upstarts and old elites -- Politics: business, association and the state -- Living with the "enemy": trade unions, worker representation and communists -- Osthandel: trading with the "enemy" -- Conclusion.

Sexuality in Modern German History offers both a detailed survey of this key subject and a new intervention in the history of sexuality in modern Germany. It investigates the diverse and often contradictory ways in which individuals, activists, doctors, politicians, artists, church leaders, reform movements and cultural commentators have defined 'normal' or 'natural' sexuality in Germany over the past two centuries. Katie Sutton explores how these definitions have been used to shape identities, behaviours, bodies and practices, from norms of heterosexual, marital, reproductive sex to ideas around the policing and categorisation of 'unnatural' or 'deviant' bodies and practices. Covering a range of crucial themes, including birth control, prostitution, queer and trans rights and heterosexual intimacy, this important text comes with 30 illustrations and a wealth of primary source extracts and secondary literature, helpfully integrated to enable further insight and analysis. This is a vital volume for all students and scholars with an interested in modern Germany or the history of sexuality in modern Europe