Suchergebnisse

Pt. One Understanding Changing Gender Norms in the Modern Era -- 1.Conceptualizing Gender, Religion and Islam -- 2.Towards a Theoretical Model for Changing Gender Norms in the Main Streams of Islamic Thought -- 2.1.Religion in Sociology -- 2.2.The Dialectical Relationship Between Religion and Human Being: Pluralism, Rationality and the Crisis of Meaning -- 2.3.Islam and Structuration Theory: Between Individual Agency and Global Justice -- 2.4.Religion and Recognition -- 2.5.Theoretical Approach to Analysing Changing Gender Norms in the Main Currents of Islam -- 3.Methodology for Comparative Research on the Main Currents of Islam -- 4.Women's Rights in Iran and CEDAW: a Comparison -- 4.1.An Overview on the History of Women's Rights in Iran -- 4.2.The Emergence of CEDAW as a Global Norm of Gender Justice -- 4.3.Women's Rights in the Current Laws of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Comparison with CEDAW -- 5.Three Streams of Thought in the Near East and Iran and Their Views on Women's Rights -- 5.1.Women's Position in Diverse Currents of Islamic and Secular Thought in the Near East: the State of Research -- 5.2.Some Aspects of the Historical Development of the Islamic Mu'tazili and Ash'ari Schools -- pt. Two Changing Gender Norms in the Main Currents of Islamic thought in Iran -- Introduction -- 6.Revelation and Gender Norms in the Fundamentalist Perspective -- 6.1.Religion as Structure -- 6.2.Individual Agency and Human Reason -- 6.3.Global Norms of Justice and Human Dignity -- 6.4.Women's Rights in the Fundamentalist Perspective -- 7.Gender Norms Between Revelation und Human Reason in the Reformist Perspective -- 7.1.Individual Agency and Rationality in the Reformist View -- 7.2.Reformists and Global Norms of Justice and Human Dignity -- 7.3.Women's Rights in the Reformist Perspective -- 8.Seculars and Human Reason -- 8.1.Structural Approach to Religion -- 8.2.Individual Agency in a Rational Reading of Islam -- 8.3.Global Norms of Justice and Human Dignity in the Secular Perspective -- 8.4.Women's Rights in a Rational Reading of Islam -- 9.Changing Gender Norms in the Dialectical Relationship Between Revelation and Human Reason -- 9.1.The Model for the Dialectical Relationship Between Religion, Revelation, Reason and Individual Agency -- 9.2.Main Currents of Islamic Thought -- 9.3.Desert-Based Notion of Justice -- 9.4.Justice Based on Individual Self-Determination Versus Desert-Based Justice.

Women's movements in Islamic countries have had a long and arduous journey in their quest for the realization of human rights and genuine equality. The author examines whether discriminatory laws against women do in fact originate from Islam and, ultimately, if there is any interpretation of Islam compatible with gender equality. She investigates women's rights in Iran since the 1979 Revolution from the perspectives of the main currents of Islamic thought, fundamentalists, reformists, and seculars, using a sociological explanation.

Women's movements in Islamic countries have had a long and arduous journey in their quest for the realization of human rights and genuine equality. The author examines whether discriminatory laws against women do in fact originate from Islam and, ultimately, if there is any interpretation of Islam compatible with gender equality. She investigates women's rights in Iran since the 1979 Revolution from the perspectives of the main currents of Islamic thought, fundamentalists, reformists, and seculars, using a sociological explanation.

Women's movements in Islamic countries have had a long and arduous journey in their quest for the realization of human rights and genuine equality. The author examines whether discriminatory laws against women do in fact originate from Islam and, ultimately, if there is any interpretation of Islam compatible with gender equality. She investigates women's rights in Iran since the 1979 Revolution from the perspectives of the main currents of Islamic thought, fundamentalists, reformists, and seculars, using a sociological explanation. The disputes about human reason and its relation to revelation can be traced in various Islamic schools of thought since the eighth century AD. However, the disputes have intensified since the eighteenth century when Muslims faced challenges to their faith and social order, brought about by modernity and enlightenment from the West. There were various reactions within the Islamic world. These reflections produced different interpretations of Islam that can be categorized based on their understanding of how compatible Islamic laws are with a specific time and space; as well as how they define the relationship between human reason and revelation. The three major interpretations of Islam within a spectrum are on the far right fundamentalists, in the middle reformists, and on the far left secularists; each having diverse views on the legitimacy and applicability of all Islamic law in modern times, and consequently having various perspectives on justice and gender equality. Accordingly, the author aims to investigate the different interpretations on Islam to find out which interpretations are compatible with the global norms of justice, and hence in accord to women's rights and gender equality. In order to analyze the Islamic thought flows through a sociological perspective, a theoretical model is proposed based on theories of sociology of religion (Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann), Structuration theory (Anthony Giddens) and struggles related to universal norms of justice (Nancy Fraser, Axel Honneth, Seyla Benhabib). According to this theoretical model, there is a dialectical relationship between individual and structure. Religion, as a factor of structure, defines a framework of interaction for individual agents in personal and social life. Religion also offers a value and meaning system for human beings. On the other hand, human beings examine the patterns of interaction through 'reflexive monitoring,' and employing human reason and rational explanation. Therefore, human beings do not passively accept all patterns of interaction. In this model of dialectical relationship between individual and structure, justice means providing equal access to political, economic, and cultural resources in society and in the family. On this matter, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women provide practical and universal criteria for the protection of human and women's rights, and ensure gender equality in society. Following the theoretical model, the research aims to reconstruct the main interpretations of Islam in three core issues of Islamic law, human reason, and women's rights considering universal norms of justice.