Suchergebnisse

Die weltweite AIDS-Epidemie erschwert nicht nur die internationale Entwicklungspolitik. In vielen Entwicklungsländern droht sie sogar, die hart erkämpften Verbesserungen der letzten Jahrzehnte rückgängig zu machen. Dabei ist AIDS - trotz der besonders drastischen Auswirkungen in Afrika - kein afrikanisches Phänomen, sondern eine globale Pandemie. In den kommenden Jahren ist Entwicklungspolitik ohne die Einbeziehung der wirtschaftlichen, sozialen und sicherheitspolitischen Auswirkungen von HIV/AIDS undenkbar. Nur so kann ein circulus vitiosus verhindert werden: je mehr HIV/AIDS ein Land schwächt, desto anfälliger wird das wirtschaftliche und soziale Umfeld für eine weitere Intensivierung der Epidemie. (ICE2)

Donor aid is often regarded as being informally tied (aid increases donorrecipient exports) and this effect is, in general, interpreted as being harmful to aid recipients. However, in this paper, using a gravity model, we show that aid is also positively associated with recipient-donor exports. That is, aid increases bilateral trade ows in both directions. Our interpretation is that an intensi ed aid relation reduces the e ective cost of geographic distance. We find a particularly strong relation between aid in the form of technical assistance and exports in both directions. When we disaggregate aid to specifically study the effects from trade-related assistance (Aid for Trade) the effect is small and fully accounted for by aid to investments in trade-related infrastructure. Our sample includes all 184 countries for which data is available during the period 1990 to 2005.

This paper measures and compares fragmentation in aid sectors. Past studies focused on aggregate country data but a sector analysis provides a better picture of fragmentation. We start by counting the number of aid projects in the developing world and find that, in 2007, more than 90 000 projects were running simultaneously. Project proliferation is on a steep upward trend and will certainly be reinforced by the emergence of new donors. Developing countries with the largest numbers of aid projects have more than 2 000 in a single year. In parallel to this boom of aid projects, there has been a major shift towards social sectors and, as a consequence, these are the most fragmented. We quantify fragmentation in each aid sector for donors and recipients and identify which exhibit the highest fragmentation. While fragmentation is usually seen as an issue when it is excessive, we also show that some countries suffer from too little fragmentation. An original contribution of this paper is to develop a monopoly index that identifies countries where a donor enjoys monopoly power. Finally, we characterise countries with high fragmentation levels. Countries that are poor, democratic and have a large population get more fragmented aid. However, this is only because poor and democratic countries attract more donors. Once we control for the number of donors in a country-sector, democratic countries do not appear different from non-democratic ones in any sector and poor countries actually have a slightly less fragmented aid allocation.